1. ADVANCED EXCEL (MODULE NO 1)
ENTERING FORMULA AND COPYING FORMULA
USE OF ARITHMETIC : RATIO & PROPORTION , DISCOUNT , SIMPLE INTEREST , COMPOUND INTEREST
, ANNUITY , ETC
ALGEBRAIC
TRIGONOMETRIC
STATISTICAL FUNCTIONS IN EXCEL
USE OF DIFFERENT FORMS “IF” CONDITION
NESTED IF CONDITION
USE OF “$” SYMBOL IN COPYING FORMULA
MACRO’S – DEFINITION AND USE , RECOED A MACRO , ASSIGN A MACRO , RUN A MACRO , STORE A
MACRO
INTRODUCTION TO VBA PROGRAM
ENTERING FORMULA IN MACROS
2. ENTERING FORMULA AND COPYING FORMULA
Steps to enter a formula :
Select a cell.
Type the equal sign =.
Type or select a cell, or type in a function, like SUM.
Enter an operator, like minus -, or select the cells or range that are part of the function.
Press Enter for the result. The result shows in the cell, but you can always see the formula in the Formula bar.
11. Proportion in excel
To calculate the proportion in Excel, first select the cells containing the numbers you want to compare.
Then, click the “Insert” tab and select “Function”. In the “Insert Function” dialogue box,
select “PROPORTION”.
The “PROPORTION” dialogue box will appear.
Using PROPORTION Function
Input the formula =PROPORTION(numerator, denominator)
into a cell to get the proportion.
What is proportion in data?
A proportion is a part, share or number considered in comparative relation to a whole. It can be equal to 0, 1 or
any value between 0 and 1. It can be expressed as a number or percentage. One example in official statistics
would be the proportion of the Canadian population who lives in a given province.
Properties of Proportion
In mathematics, a proportion is a statement that two ratios are equal. It can be written in symbols as p:q = r:s or
p/q = r/s. The word “ratio” simply means “relation” – so a proportion is just a statement about how one quantity
relates to another.
For example, the ratio of boys to girls in a classroom might be 4:3, which we could also write as the fraction
12. Difference Between Ratio and Proportion
The difference between ratio and proportion is that a ratio expresses a relationship between two values, while a
proportion expresses a equality between two ratios. In other words, a ratio compares two values, while a
proportion states that two ratios are equal.
Here is an example to illustrate the difference:
Suppose we have a box of candy that contains 12 pieces of candy. Of those 12 pieces, 8 are chocolate and 4 are
caramel. We can express this information as a ratio, 8:4 or 2:1 (chocolate to caramel). This tells us there is twice
as much chocolate as caramel in the box.
Now suppose we have another box of candy that also contains 12 pieces of candy. But this time, 6 are chocolate
and 6 are caramel. We can express this information as a proportion, 6/12 = 3/6 = 1/2 (chocolate to caramel).
This tells us that the ratio of chocolate to caramel in this box is the same as the first box of candy.
Examples on Proportion
There are many examples of proportion in the world around us. The following are a few examples to help
illustrate the concept:
-A standard sheet of paper is 8.5 inches wide and 11 inches long. This is an example of a golden rectangle, which
is a rectangle whose sides are in the golden ratio.
-The Parthenon in Athens is another example of the golden ratio. The width to height ratio of the building is
1:1.618, which is very close to the ideal ratio of 1:1.6
-Many people consider the Mona Lisa to be the perfect example of beauty. This could be because her face
conforms to the golden ratio. Her forehead, nose, and chin are all in proportion according to this Ratio.
13. Discount :
• Discount Rate = (Product Price - Target Discounted Price) / Product Price. C2=(A2-B2)/A2
• The discount price is equal to the difference between the original price and the final selling price. Then,
the discount percentage can be found by dividing the discount price by the original price and multiplying the
result by 100..
What is called as discount?
: a reduction made from a regular or list price. offering customers a ten percent discount. buy tickets at a
discount. (2) : a proportionate deduction from a debt account usually made for cash or prompt payment
14. Calculate simple interest
**To calculate simple interest in Excel (i.e. interest that is not compounded), you can use a formula that
multiples principal, rate, and term.
This example assumes that $1000 is invested for 10 years at an annual interest rate of 5%. Simple interest
means that interest payments are not compounded – the interest is applied to the principal only.
In the example shown, the formula in C8 is:
Formula : Generic formula
Interest = principal * rate * term
The general formula for simple interest is:
Interest = principal * rate * term
So, using cell references, we have :
=c5*c7*c6
=1000 * 10 * 0.05
=500
15. What is compound interest?
Compound interest is the interest earned from an investment based on both the initial deposit and the
accumulated interest over time. In simple words, compound interest is the interest earned on interest.
How to calculate compound interest in Excel
Compound interest is calculated by multiplying the initial principal amount by one plus the annual interest rate,
raised to the number of compound periods, or simply put, the formula below:
Future Value = P* (1+ r)^ n
P = the initial principal amount deposited,
r = annual interest rate (expressed as a decimal)
n = the number of compound periods (in other words, the number of years)
Using the previous example, the future value of the investment after two years can be calculated by following
the formula of Future Value = P*(1+ r)^ n
= $2,000 x (1+0.08)^2
= $2,332.8
18. ANNUITY
The basic annuity formula in Excel for present value is =PV(RATE,NPER,PMT). PMT is the amount of
each payment.
Present Value of an Annuity Formula: The formula for calculating the present value of an annuity
is PV = PMT × (1 - (1 + r)^-n) / r. In this formula, PV is the present value, PMT is the periodic annuity
payment, r is the discount rate, and n is the number of periods.
How are annuities calculated?
A key factor in determining the present value of an annuity is the discount rate. This can be an
expected return on investment or a current interest rate. A lower discount rate results in a higher
present value, while a higher discount rate results in a lower present value.
Why do we calculate annuity?
The future value of annuity indicates the payments that you will receive at a certain future date
from an annuity plan and the worth of the amount. The future value of annuity calculation can help
you make better financial decisions and plan your funds according to your financial goals and
objectives.
20. Statistical Functions in Excel
In Microsoft Excel, a wide range of functions related to statistics is present, like mean, median, mode,
etc. Apart from these, Excel also provides a wide array of beneficial and important statistical functions.
Some of the fundamental statistical functions are often used in Data Science. .
Here is a list of some of the most integral statistical functions used in Excel:-
COUNT function In Excel: The COUNT function is used for counting the number of cells that have a number.
This function solely counts the number.
Syntax for the COUNT function = COUNT(value1, [value2], …)
COUNTA function In Excel: This function is used for counting everything. Apart from the number within the
cell, it will count any information, including error values and empty text.
Syntax for the COUNTA function = COUNT(value1, [value2], …)
COUNTBLANK function In Excel: The COUNTBLANK function solely counts empty or blank cells.
Syntax for the COUNTBlANK function = COUNTBLANK(range)
COUNTIFS function In Excel: This is the most used statistical function in Excel that works on one or multiple
conditions in a specific range and counts the cell(s) that meet the said condition.
Syntax for the COUNTIFS function = COUNTIFS (range1, criteria1, [range2]
21. IF Function
The Excel IF function runs a logical test and returns one value for a TRUE result, and another for a FALSE
result. For example, to "pass" scores above 70: =IF(A1>70,"Pass","Fail").
More than one condition can be tested by nesting IF functions. The IF function can be combined with logical
functions like AND and OR to extend the logical test.
25. $ Symbol in Excel
symbol in Excel locks a specific cell or rows or columns in a worksheet.
The shortcut to lock down a reference in Excel is pressing ALT + F4. This feature is used while
working on formulas when we do not want the reference to be changed when copying or dragging
the formula to other cell references.
This feature will keep the reference the same for all the further calculations.
26. What is Macro in Excel
Macros can be considered as a set of programming instructions that can be recorded, named, saved, and
executed in VBA as and when required macros can help us to automate repetitive tasks associated with data
manipulation that must be accomplished repeatedly. You can also enable and disable macros in Excel.
32. What are Macros and VBA in Excel?
Macros in Excel are like recorded sequences of actions that automate tasks. They save time and minimize
mistakes by letting you repeat actions with a single click.
VBA, or Visual Basic for Applications, is a programming language in Excel. It allows you to write custom
code to create advanced and personalized macros. With VBA, you can automate tasks, perform
calculations, and manipulate data in Excel, providing more control and flexibility compared to basic
recorded macros.
What is Excel VBA?
Excel VBA, short for Visual Basic for Applications, is a programming language that empowers users to
automate tasks and create personalized solutions within Microsoft Excel.
It enables users to create macros, which are instructions that automatically perform repetitive tasks
![Statistical Functions in Excel
In Microsoft Excel, a wide range of functions related to statistics is present, like mean, median, mode,
etc. Apart from these, Excel also provides a wide array of beneficial and important statistical functions.
Some of the fundamental statistical functions are often used in Data Science. .
Here is a list of some of the most integral statistical functions used in Excel:-
COUNT function In Excel: The COUNT function is used for counting the number of cells that have a number.
This function solely counts the number.
Syntax for the COUNT function = COUNT(value1, [value2], …)
COUNTA function In Excel: This function is used for counting everything. Apart from the number within the
cell, it will count any information, including error values and empty text.
Syntax for the COUNTA function = COUNT(value1, [value2], …)
COUNTBLANK function In Excel: The COUNTBLANK function solely counts empty or blank cells.
Syntax for the COUNTBlANK function = COUNTBLANK(range)
COUNTIFS function In Excel: This is the most used statistical function in Excel that works on one or multiple
conditions in a specific range and counts the cell(s) that meet the said condition.
Syntax for the COUNTIFS function = COUNTIFS (range1, criteria1, [range2]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/advanceexcelmodule1-250222051214-30d549c1/85/advance-excel-module-done-in-class-1-pptx-20-320.jpg)
