Advanced Remote Air-Ground (RAG) System

Advanced Remote AirAdvanced Remote Air--Ground (RAG) SystemGround (RAG) System
Japan Radio Co LtdJapan Radio Co LtdJapan Radio Co., LtdJapan Radio Co., Ltd
1

Based Technology of the RAGBased Technology of the RAG
JRC proposes a enhancement of the remote air to groundJRC proposes a enhancement of the remote air to ground
system (RAG) for contributing a safety control of passenger
planes at the local airport with a low cost and high performances
of the aviation facilities.of the aviation facilities.
The proposed advanced remote air-ground (RAG) system based
on the multilateration (MLAT) system consists of followingon the multilateration (MLAT) system consists of following
systems;
i. Multilateration (MLAT) System
ii. CCTV System
iii Wi d Sh d Mi b t D t ti S tiii. Wind Shear and Microburst Detection System
(X-band Polarimetric Radar)
iv. Meteorological Observation System (AWS)
v. VHF Radio Communication System
2

Advanced MLATAdvanced MLAT
(Optically connected(Optically connected MultilaterationMultilateration System)System)
3

Development Background of Advanced MLATDevelopment Background of Advanced MLAT
1. It is expected that the realization of a safe and efficient aircraft operation through the
accurate and precise monitor of the aircraft and airport safety related service vehicles
moving location at airport surface.
2. In monitor accurate and precise aircraft moving location, existing mechanically rotated
primary radar (SMR) application has some issues such as the acquisition of the
identification signal, performance degradation under the bad weather condition, airport
surface coverage, and maintenance cost of continuously operating mechanicalsurface coverage, and maintenance cost of continuously operating mechanical
components.
3. The introduction of ADS-B system is progressing in aircraft flight location surveillance
field. But the deployment of the ADS-B has the challenge that required the SSR mode S,
A C d i i i f h i fA, C transponder equipment provision for the aircraft.
4. The advanced MLAT was developed by Japan Civil Aviation Bureau (JCAB), Electronic
Navigation Research Institute (ENRI) and JRC. The advanced MLAT provides improved
position and surveillance performance for aircraft which has SSR mode S A Cposition and surveillance performance for aircraft which has SSR mode S, A, C
transponder provision, and it has compatibility with ADS-B system.
4

Development Background of OPTIMUS MLAT
• Multilateration (MLAT) is a surveillance system of taxiing aircraft for runway,
taxiway and apron
p g
taxiway and apron.
• MLAT calculates aircraft positions using TDOA(Time Difference of Arrival) of
received signals from SSR mode S, A, C, Transponder equipped on aircraft.
• System performances of MLAT are sometimes degraded by multipath signals
reflected on terminal buildings, passenger boarding bridge, and so on.
• ENRI and JRC has proposed advanced MLAT system, which has better immunity
to multipath interferences than conventional MLAT systems.
Multi‐path
Receiving
Station
The multi‐path reflected from the control tower
or terminal buildings at the airport is affected to
5
or terminal buildings at the airport is affected to
a measurement accuracy.
Time Different Of Arrival (TDOA) Method of Multilateration System

Description of the Advanced MLATDescription of the Advanced MLAT
1. The advanced MLAT is configured by the SSR transponder signal receivers at several
sensor sites connected by optical fiber cables, centralized signal processing equipment,
position calculation equipment, system performance monitor equipment, and display unit for
the aircrafts and airport safety related service vehicles movement The system alsothe aircrafts and airport safety related service vehicles movement. The system also
contains SSR interrogator transmitter.
2. Position of aircraft is calculated using multiple reply signals. The position information of the
aircraft is displayed at the display unit for the person in charge of the operationaircraft is displayed at the display unit for the person in charge of the operation.
3. In addition, the advanced MLAT has transmitting equipments that emit both reference signal
for system performance monitoring and mode S interrogation signal (roll call) for aircraft to
improve the position data and to acquire additional information.p p q
6

Mode S Squitter Signal
Strengthening against MultiStrengthening against Multi--path Processingpath Processing
Mode S Squitter Signal
Data bits sequence
Preamble
pulse
① To detect CH1 ①
mode S squitter
signal.
② To search a mode
S squitter signal q g
around CH1
within presetting
time window.
③ To make a group
Multi‐path Interference: undetected data
③ g p
of the same
mode S squitter
signal of the time
window.
Presetting Time Window
7

Configuration ComparisonCo gu a o Co pa so
RF（Optical）
Advanced
MLAT
RF
RF Receiver,
Signal Processing Unit
∼ ∼
Ethernet
∼ ∼
∼ ∼∼ ∼
∼ ∼
C ti l RF
Target Processing
Unit (Positioning)
Ti t D d d D t
Advanced MLAT has only one signal processing equipment
∼ ∼
Conventional
MLAT
RF
Receiver,
Signal Processing Unit
Time stamps, Decoded Data
Target Processing
∼ ∼
Ethernet
Signal Detection Time Measuring Data Decode
Target Processing
Unit
∼ ∼
Signal Detection, Time Measuring, Data Decode
∼ ∼
8

Characteristics of the Advanced MLATCharacteristics of the Advanced MLAT
1. Directly convert the RF signal to an optical signal, and transmit
to centralized signal processing equipment by optical fiber.
Characteristics of the Advanced MLATCharacteristics of the Advanced MLAT
g p g q p y p
2. Not require each receiving units to undertake so complicated
time processing due to the centralized processing system.
3. Remarkably improve the detection probability through this
processing scheme.
4. Employ optical power feeding instead of commercial power
connection.
5 R li th t ith i l t d li ht i ht5. Realize the system with simple, smart and light-weight.
6. Reduce costs for initial construction, operation and
maintenancemaintenance.
7. Conform to the ICAO standards and the EUROCAE
requirements (e.g. Asterisk).q ( g )
9

Features of the Advanced MLATFeatures of the Advanced MLAT
 Using the Radio over Fiber technology, received RF signals are directly converged on
the central processing equipment.
 The centralized signal processing system adopts original algorithm to utilize un-
decodable interfered signals which are usually discarded in conventional systemsdecodable interfered signals, which are usually discarded in conventional systems.
 High performance and adjustable directional or omni-directional beam antenna is
adopted. (Switchable 12 directional beam patterns)
 Available for tracking aircraft around 30nm near the airport. (as same as ASR function)
RX7
RX2
RX3
1
RX8
RX1RX6
RX4
0ENRI
Iwanuma Branch
RX5
Optical fiber network
RJSS/SDJ
Sendai Airport
Location Accuracy : Less than 7 5mLocation Accuracy : Less than 7.5m
Reliability : Less than 95%
Detection Rate (2 sec.) : 99.9% or more
1010

Advanced MLATAdvanced MLAT System ConfigurationSystem Configuration
Light‐weight and low power
Receiving station
(production version)
Adjustable Directional or non‐
directional beam Antenna.
Very Low Consumption
(lower than 0.5W) 「Optical Power Feeding」
No electric construction
No battery
Receiver Station
（RF → Opt）
Solar Panel
MLAT Antenna with GP
No battery
Receiving station
(Experimental prototype)
Solar Panel
Logarithm
11
(Experimental prototype) Logarithm
detection

Performance of the Advanced MLATPerformance of the Advanced MLATPerformance of the Advanced MLATPerformance of the Advanced MLAT
Fix Point Test Results
626 Vehicle Test Track Example
624
625
800
900
Detection rate: 100%
through all tracks
B-RWY
3.98m
Position
Accuracy
622
623
＋ 700
619
620
621
500
600
B6-TWY
11.9mSpot
Accuracy: 1.8m
（95％ Confidence）
877 878 879 880 881 882 883 884 885
619
400
C-TWY
3.19m
8.90m
（95％ Confidence）
○95％ Coverage 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600
300 Low DOP
Area
Test data provided by ENRI
12

ConclusionConclusion
 To support complicated traffic control services and a safe at
airport.airport.
 To support surveillance around the airport as same as ASR.
 T i ill d t i l i ibilit To improve surveillance data in low visibility.
 To decrease aircraft taxi delay and reduce runway incursions.
 To reduce an initial installation cost and maintenance cost.
 To achieve low power consumption and flexible layout
d i t i tdesign at airport.
The Advanced MLAT which is to support the surveillance of pp
aircraft at airports, and to reduce the load of the operator at
the low visibility will contribute to the safety and efficiency
operation of the local airport.
13

Advanced Remote AirAdvanced Remote Air--Ground (RAG) SystemGround (RAG) System
14

Remote AirRemote Air--Ground (RAG) SystemGround (RAG) System
 The Advanced Remote Air-Ground Service is one of the works of the Flight Service
Center (FSC) for conducting a safety landing and taking off management of the local( ) g y g g g
airport in the territory of FSC based on MLAT system integrated with a runway and/or
airport surveillance CCTV system controlled by MLAT, Air-Ground radio communication
facility, Wind Shear detection system and meteorological observation system.
 The RAG system can provide a direct communication between the air traffic controller
and the aircraft which enables to receive an air traffic information around the airport, traffic
control and getting approval of landing and taking offcontrol and getting approval of landing and taking off.
HATEROMA Local Airport Terminal (Japan) and Passenger Plane 15

Existing Remote AirExisting Remote Air--Ground (RAG) SystemGround (RAG) System
Wide Area Flight Service Works of FSC
(Functions of FSC)(Functions of FSC)
Flight Service Center (FSC)
Wide Area Flight Service Works of FSC
Providing an Air traffic information
and Weather information to the air
ft
Volcanic information
to the Flight Service
Center (FSC).
craft.
Other Airport Support Works of FSC
Air Turbulence !!
Weather Information
Condition of Airport
Surrounding traffic
Info.
Use Runway
Flight Service Center
(FSC)
16

Remote AirRemote Air--Ground (RAG) System in JapanGround (RAG) System in Japan
Naha FSC
17

Advanced Remote AirAdvanced Remote Air--Ground (ARAG) SystemGround (ARAG) System
(Functions of FSC)(Functions of FSC)( )( )
 MLAT System is able to collect a position of air craft around the airport within 30nm on upper air
and on the ground, and other flight information.
 The position data collected by MLAT is used to control CCTV cameras tracking of approaching
and taking off air craft showing on the display in real time base that can be remotely supported aand taking off air craft showing on the display in real time base that can be remotely supported a
safety landing and taking off from FSC.
 The proposed advanced RAG System will be contributed an enhancement of the safety
management of the local airport with a low cost.

Advanced Remote AirAdvanced Remote Air--Ground (ARAG) SystemGround (ARAG) System
(Functions of FSC)(Functions of FSC)( )( )
 MLAT System is able to correspond between vehicles, such as patrol cars and MLAT
in order to collect a position of the vehicle on the runway or taxiing way.
 Th iti d t ll t d b MLAT i d t t l CCTV t ki f th The position data collected by MLAT is used to control CCTV cameras tracking of the
vehicle and showing on the display in real time base that can be remotely supported
a safety management of the local airport from FSC.
 The proposed advanced RAG System will be contributed to avoid an accident caused The proposed advanced RAG System will be contributed to avoid an accident caused
by human error at the local airport with a low cost.
19

ARAG System Based on MLATARAG System Based on MLAT
(Test System at Sendai Airport)(Test System at Sendai Airport)(Test System at Sendai Airport)(Test System at Sendai Airport)
20

Advanced RAG System ConfigurationAdvanced RAG System Configuration
(Local Airport Safety Management System)(Local Airport Safety Management System)(Local Airport Safety Management System)(Local Airport Safety Management System)
Weather Info., CCTV & Vice
Record Server
Data
Meteorological
Sensors
(Fli ht I f (VHF R di
MLATDual Polarization
X-band Radar
CCTV
CCTV
IP
Converter
IP
Converter
Data
Logger(Flight Info.
Terminal)
(VHF Radio
Terminal)
Aircraft Position
DisplayWeather/Radar
Information
Router RouterSwitch Switch VHF Air-ground
Transceiver
Operation Terminal
VPN
Network
Firewall Firewall
Local AirportFlight Service CenterFlight Service Center Local Airport
21

ConclusionConclusion (Advanced RAG System)(Advanced RAG System)
 Th d d RAG S i ll d d f f i f The advanced RAG System is really needed for safety operation for
the local airport such as no airtraffic controller airport.
 The advanced RAG System will be remotely supported a safety y y pp y
landing and taking off from FSC.
 The proposed RAG System will be contributed an enhancement of
the safety management of the local airport with a low costthe safety management of the local airport with a low cost.
The RAG System really Contributes theThe RAG System really Contributes the
S f d Effi i O i hS f d Effi i O i hSafety and Efficient Operation at theSafety and Efficient Operation at the
Local Airport.Local Airport.
22

Wind Shear and Microburst Detection SystemWind Shear and Microburst Detection System
(Dual Polarization X(Dual Polarization X--band Radar)band Radar)
23

Fear of the Downdraft and Wind Shear to the Civil Aviation PilotsFear of the Downdraft and Wind Shear to the Civil Aviation Pilots
It is the most dangerous situation for the civil aviation pilot when taking off and landing under the
downdraft leading to a serious accident.
During a wind shear situation, the effects can be subtle or very dramatic depending on wind speed
and direction of change. For example, a tailwind that quickly changes to a headwind will cause an
increase in airspeed and performance. Conversely, when a headwind changes to a tailwind, the
airspeed will rapidly decrease and there will be a corresponding decrease in performance In eitherairspeed will rapidly decrease and there will be a corresponding decrease in performance. In either
case, a pilot must be prepared to react immediately to the changes to maintain control of the
aircraft.
24

(Dual Polarization X(Dual Polarization X--band Radar)band Radar)(( ))
JRC has been developing the wind shear detection radar since 1970’s. The state-of-the-art
technology of the dual polarization X-band radar is able to produce not only reflective factor ZH
(The rainfall intensity is computed using a predetermined R- ZH relationship. ) but also( y p g p H p )
Differential reflectivity ZDR , Specific differential phase KDP and Doppler components of the
radar echo associated to a volume of nonspherical raindrops that is moving under the effect of
fall speed, wind, and turbulence. Detailed of the physical environment, the dual polarization X-
band radar can provide useful information for the impact of wind shear and microburstband radar can provide useful information for the impact of wind shear and microburst.
Example display:
Detected a microburst

(Signal Flow)(Signal Flow)(Signal Flow)(Signal Flow)
Go Around !
Warning!Warning!
Mi b tMi b t
Microburst
MicroburstMicroburst
Issues of Warning Message
Detection of a Microburst by the
Dual Polarization Radar
Inform to the Pilot to
26
Inform to the Pilot to
avoid incident

Configuration and Output ProductsConfiguration and Output Products
(Dual Polarization X(Dual Polarization X--band Radar)band Radar)
Antenna
Radome
Radar Work
Station
Radar Data
Processor
Communication
Network
Firewall Firewall
27
Station Processor

(Dual Polarization X(Dual Polarization X--band Radar)band Radar)(( ))
Items Specifications Remarks
Transmitting Frequency 9.4GHz X-band
Surveillance Range ≧50㎞ The surveillance range is determined
by a height of center beam as 1km
and a distance about 50km.
Wind Shear Observation Range ≧10㎞ As a guideline of the wind shear
information within 9km from the
airport is announced in case of the
wind shear is expected to 1,600 ft
altitude (about 490m) below, or wind
shear is observed 3,000 ft altitude
( b t 910 ) b l （JAPAN)(about 910m) below. （JAPAN)
Observation Mode Airspace mode
To observe the microburst of airport area and echo
intensity of airspace area, the degree of disturbance
and distribution of shear line.a d d st but o o s ea e
Airport mode
To observe the low-line wind shear of the airport area.
Observation Interval Within 1minute
Target downburst detection
diameter
500m
Resolution 250m (orientation distance width at 9km)
Observed altitude split width 500m CAPPI processing
28
Observed altitude split width 500m CAPPI processing
Observed maximum wind speed 50m/s

(System Configuration)(System Configuration)
Lightning
All-in-one
Radar Sensor
(System Configuration)(System Configuration)
Lightning
Protection
Radar Sensor
Radar
Workstation
GPS
Receiver
HUBMedia
C t NTP
Server
HUB
Converter
Optical
Cable Router
Radome
Mounting
VPN
(Internet) or
UPS (1kVA)
Commercial Power
AC100∼240V
(Internet) or
User Network
Building Earth Terminal

(Power Saving SSPA)(Power Saving SSPA)
Items Description
(Power Saving SSPA)(Power Saving SSPA)
Items Description
Derating of the SSPA (Solid-state Power Amplifier)
Durability
Maximum Output Power: 200 W
Operating Output Power: 125 Wp g p
Derating: Approx. 62.5%
≤ 450 VA @100 230 VAC 50/60 H
Power Saving
≤ 450 VA, @100 - 230 VAC, 50/60 Hz
≤ 1 kVA for Radar Site System
Easy Handling
for Maintenance
Low Voltage DC Power Supply such as 12V - 24V
Small and Light Weight Unit of the SSPA

(Long Life Design)(Long Life Design)(Long Life Design)(Long Life Design)
Equipment / Unit Description
Antenna / Controller Grease Sealed Reduction Gear (Expected Life: 10 years)
Sealed Bearing (Expected Life: 10 years)
Sealed Slip-rings (Expected Life: 10 years)
Environment-Responsive Type Servo Motor & Servo Driver
Transmitter / Receiver Solid State Power Amplifier (SSPA)
Output Power DeratingOutput Power Derating
Fan-less Cooling
Others Solid State RelayOthers Solid State Relay
Long Life Fan (Expected Life: 10 years)
Optical Cable & Connectorp
No Operation Panel, No Fuse, No Lamp

(JRC Solid(JRC Solid--statestate Compact Radar MODEL:JMACompact Radar MODEL:JMA--912912))
●Futures
(JRC Solid(JRC Solid statestate Compact Radar MODEL:JMACompact Radar MODEL:JMA 912912))
• X-band polarimetric radar
• Fully solid state technology
L f 80 k ith hi h l ti f 150• Large coverage area of 80 km with a high resolution of 150m
• High accuracy and high sensitivity rainfall sensor
• Compact and lightweight of φ1 2 m antenna system built in• Compact and lightweight of φ1.2 m antenna system, built-in
all radar sensors.
• Low transmission power of 125 W for anti-mutual-interference• Low transmission power of 125 W for anti-mutual-interference
• Narrow occupied frequency bandwidth of 4 MHz
• Low power consumption of 450 VALow power consumption of 450 VA,
• Higher reliability and performance, and low maintenance cost

ConclusionConclusion (Wind Shear and Microburst Detection System)(Wind Shear and Microburst Detection System)ConclusionConclusion (Wind Shear and Microburst Detection System)(Wind Shear and Microburst Detection System)
 Th Wi d Sh d Mi b t D t ti S t i ll d d f th l l The Wind Shear and Microburst Detection System is really needed for the local
airport for safety landing and taking off.
 The proposed Wind Shear and Microburst Detection System will be contributed an
enhancement of the safety management of the local airport for detection or alert of
the wind shear or microburst from thunderstorms.
 The proposed Wind Shear and Microburst Detection System will be low cost and low
maintenance cost, long life span (15 years or more), high performances and easy
operation using advanced ICT technology.
The System really Contributes theThe System really Contributes the
S f d Effi i O i hS f d Effi i O i hSafety and Efficient Operation at theSafety and Efficient Operation at the
Local Airport.Local Airport.
33

Thank you for your kind attention!Thank you for your kind attention!
Presented by Shuichi InouePresented by Shuichi Inoue
General ManagerGeneral Manager
Solution Business Planning DepartmentSolution Business Planning Department
Japan Radio Co., LtdJapan Radio Co., Ltd
34

Advanced Remote Air-Ground (RAG) System

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