Advanced technologies as "DOC, DPF, SCR" to reduce Diesel engines harmful emissions
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The document discusses diesel engine emissions and their environmental and health impacts, focusing on harmful substances like nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM). It elaborates on the diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC), diesel particulate filter (DPF), and selective catalyst reduction (SCR) systems that aid in controlling these emissions. Furthermore, the presentation outlines the formation of NOx and PM, their effects on human health, and the functionality of various sensors in the aftertreatment process.
Advanced technologies as "DOC, DPF, SCR" to reduce Diesel engines harmful emissions
- 1. KARABUK UNIVERSITY PRESINTION ON Diesel engines emissions control and aftertreatment system DOC , DPF ,SCR PRESINTED BY GUIDED BY PROF . DR. MUSTAFA BAHATIN CELEK OMAR QASIM SALIH
- 2. contains Introduction The Most Important Emissions In The Diesel Engine NOx ,PM Nitrogen Dioxide Gases Nox Forming Particulates matters Formed In A Diesel Engine Nox Emission And Human Health The Diesel Oxidation Catalytic In Diesel Engines “DOC” Diesel Particulate Filter “DPF” Selective Catalyst Reduction SCR Important Sensors In The Aftertreatment System A Demonstration Video Showing The Aftertreatment Of Exhaust Gases In Diesel Engines
- 3. Introduction Diesel engines play a dominant role in transport because of their lower fuel consumption and higher thermal efficiency. However, the high particulate matter (PM) emissions and high rat of the NOx emission of diesel engines also cause a series of environmental and social problems. several studies investigated the relationship between particulate matter emission and human health and found that 4.2 million deaths (7.6% of all global deaths) caused by outdoor fine particulate air pollution in 2015 and particulate matter (PM 2.5) was the fifth highest ranking risk factor for death in the world.
- 4. The most important emissions in the diesel engine When diesel engines spin in cars or power plants, they are emit harmful emissions, including carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, and soot gases. The most dangerous exhaust gases that affect human health are nitrogen oxides and soot
- 5. How is Nitrogen dioxide gases NOx forming? During the combustion process in the diesel engines and raising in the temperature a bout 1600 F , the nitrogen N2 gas react with the Oxygen gas O2 to form the Nitrogen monoxide NO2,then reaction occur in the combustion chamber between the nitrogen monoxide NO2 gas and the oxygen O2 gas to form Nitrogen dioxide gas NOx.
- 6. Why are diesel engines produce a lot of NOx emission than gasoline engines? Diesel engines produce a lot of NOx emission than gasoline engines for two reasons: 1.Diesel engines run at higher temperature and higher pressure than comparable gasoline engines. 2.Diesel engines run at lean mixture most of the time.
- 7. How are particulates formed in a diesel engine? • Air is compressed in the cylinder of diesel engines, and finely atomised fuel is injected into the cylinder. The fuel burns, but the fuel-rich regions don't burn completely, producing soot particles and partly-burnt fuel. As the exhaust cools, the partially-burnt fuel is adsorbed onto the soot particles, producing a toxic mixture. o Why are more particulates formed in a diesel engine than in a petrol/gasoline engine? • A.Fuel burn is less even in a diesel engines than in a petrol/gasoline engine.
- 8. NOX EMISSION AND HUMAN HEALTH NOx react with ammonia, moisture, and other compounds to form nitric acid vapor and related particles. Small particles can penetrate deeply into sensitive lung tissue and damage it, causing premature death in extreme cases. Inhalation of such particles may cause or worsen respiratory diseases such as emphysema, bronchitis it may also aggravate existing heart disease.
- 9. The main components of aftertreatment system in the diesel engines
- 10. What Is The Diesel Oxidation Catalytic In Diesel Engines “DOC” The first component of the aftertreatment system is diesel oxidization catalyst (DOC). DOC plays an important role by the reduction of exhaust gas risks by the oxidize the carbon monoxide(CO) to carbon dioxide (CO2) and unburnt hydrocarbon (HC) to water (H2O). the DOC also has another important function, which is related to promote regeneration of the PDF by the creating heat after the oxidation processes. When the exhaust gases passed over the oxidation catalyst the exhaust gases can be oxidized from harmful gases to harmless gases.
- 11. THE MAIN CHEMICALS REACTIONS INSIDE DOC C + O2 CO2 HC + O2 H2O + CO2 PM + O2 H2O + CO2
- 12. Lite of temperature • Heat is very important for oxidation processes. • Lite of temperature is the temperature required for the chemical reaction occur inside the oxidizer • The average of Lite of temperature is 590 F.
- 13. Diesel Particulate Filter “DPF” • Diesel particulate filter DPF is set off the microscopic channels that collect the (PM) which in turn traps it and eventually accumulate and go to re-generate. • DPF located in the exhaust stream downstream from the DOC. • DPF made of porous, catalytically coated, silicon carbide material that traps the exhaust particulate .
- 14. How does DPF works ? • DPF design to remove the PM from the diesel exhaust gas, it really removes 85% from the PM. • Some filters are single use intended for disposal and replacement once full of accumulated PM. • Other filters are designed to burn off the accumulate the PM either passively or actively.
- 15. What Is The Regeneration Process? re-generation : is process to burning the soot (PM) There are three types of the re-generation process 1.Passive regeneration 2.Active regeneration 3.Manual regeneration
- 16. Passive regeneration Passive regeneration is the first way of the regeneration, where heat generated from normal exhaust gases may be sufficient to burn PM in the DPF. A stable loaded truck will tend to generate more heat due to more heat in the exhaust, this will promote a passive regeneration or burning of the soot.
- 17. Active Regeneration If passive regeneration does not occur the ECM strategy will be to run post injection. Post-injection occurs after the power stroke in the four-stroke cycles, the piston is traveling from BDC to TDC where the exhaust valve is open when the piston pushing the exhaust gases out with fuel injected. The fuel will travel to the DOC where the chemical reaction occurred between the precious metal of the DOC and the exhaust gases with fuel, eventually, the chemical reaction will generate heat to incinerate the PM.
- 18. Manual Regeneration When passive and active regeneration cannot be achieved the ECM will display a message. The message will indicate that the ECM is requiring a manual regeneration.
- 19. An explanation video showing the process of regeneration of exhaust gases in diesel engines.
- 20. seniors
- 21. Important sensors in the aftertreatment system 1.Intake NOx sensor: measures the quantity of NOx into the aftertreatment system. 2.DOC intake temperature sensor: measures the exhaust gases temperature going into DOC and determine how much fuel is going to be necessary to heat up the DOC . 3.DPF intake temperature sensor: is located between DOC and DPF is also measures the exhaust gases temperature.
- 22. Important sensors in the aftertreatment system 4.DPF differential pressure sensor:ia 2 brobe sensors located before the DPF and after the DPF, it measures the difference in the exhaust gas before and after the DPF and is determine by ECM to determine PM load. 5.DPF outlet temperature sensor: is located after the DPF it measures the exhaust gases after they passed through the DPF and used to monitor regeneration, it is also used to check exhaust gases temperature going to decomposition tube and SCR.
- 23. Important sensors in the aftertreatment system 6.SCR intake temperature sensor it is located between first and second SCR bricks and measures the exhaust temperature after the SCR and helps to determines the SCR efficiency. 7.SCR out let temperature sensor : is located at the end of the effort treatment system ,it used to measures the exhaust gases after all treatment system and ECM uses this measure to determine how well the aftertreatment system is doing it is gob. 8.Out let NOx sensor is used to measure the NOX quantity aftertreatment system.
- 24. Selective Catalyst Reduction SCR The main function of the SCR device reduces the engine out NOx gases. the process began with the inject the DEF (diesel exhaust fluid) to the exhaust stream and the chemical reaction occur between the exhaust gases and the DEF .the DEF consist of 32.5% urea and 67.5% water, urea is a compounded that when heated splits into 2 molecules of the ammonia NH3 and carbon dioxide CO2 .The commercial names for aqueous urea solution are DEF in Canada and AdBlue in Europe. The average DEF consumption is around 2% of diesel fuel consumption.
- 25. WHAT IS “DEF “ ? DEF: diesel exhaust fluid Redacting agent for NOx in Urea SCR Consist of 32.5% Urea dissolved in deionized water Common fluid between all vehicles (Mercedes –BMW- AUDI-FORD) Also noun AdBlue in the Europe
- 26. An explanation video showing the aftertreatment of exhaust gases in diesel engines
- 27. Author: Omar Qassim Saleh Al-hadeethi was born in 1990 in BAGHDAD-IRAQ. Completed Primary, middle and high school education in Baghdad. In 1997 to 2007, he graduated from TECHNICAL COLLGE OF BAGHDAD mechanical department “Department of Automotive Technology Engineering” in 2014.He started his master's degree at the karabuk university - department of mechanical education. In 2018.He continues his higher education in the mechanical engineering department in the karabuk university.(Omarq8176@gmail.Com)
- 28. Thank you