Advances in fishery science
- 1. TOPIC-ADVANCES IN FISHERY SCIENCE Dr. Ramkumar Lodhi Conservation Biology Lab
- 2. Introduction Use of genetics in aquaculture Use of biotechnology in aquaculture Advances in cryopreservation of fish gametes Advances in fish diversity conservation Conclusion References
- 3. Fisheries science is a multidisciplinary area. Human behavior has a profound effect on fisheries and affects diversity of fish species. Human behavior also responsible for pollution of fresh water. Excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers which are used in modern agriculture also cause pollution and food chain contamination. Inspite of all these challenges, several advances have been made in fisheries sector and aquaculture.
- 4. During past twenty years research in aquaculture genetics has been steadily increasing.There has been genetic basis of selection. Cultured fish are being improved for a multitude of traits including growth rate, disease resistance, reproduction and harvestability rate. Another area is the use of genetically modified organisms in aquaculture and its possible impact on production and equity has been increasing.
- 5. The application of biotechnology in the fisheries sector is relatively a recent practice. Nevertheless it is a promising area to enhance fish production the increased application of biotechnological tools can certainly revolutionise our fish farming besidests role in biodiversity conservation.The thrust area are the use of synthetic hormones in fish breeding and transgenesis. The induced breeding of fish is now successfully achieved by the development ofGnRH technology. Transgenics is the introduction of exogenons gene/DNA into host genome resulting in its stable maintence, transmission and expression.
- 6. Cryopreservation, a branch of cryobiology, relates to the long term preservation and storage of biological material at low temperature, usually at -196°C, the temperature of liquid nitrogen. It is based on the principal that very low temperatures immobilize the physiological and biochemical activities of cells thereby making it possible to keep them alive for very long period in a state known as suspended animation.
- 7. The basic technique of cryopreservation involves collection of fish gametes in which specific diluent with cryoprotectant such as glycerol, methanol are added. After a period of specific equilibration, it is frozen rapidly and stored in liquid nitrogen. After thawing, milt can be activated for use in fertilizing the eggs. During cryopreservation, the sperms are to be retained in inactive condition and it is extender that keeps the sperm in live but immotile state, so that ideal dilution of crryoprotectant can be made to mix with the milt.
- 9. India is rich in fish biodiversity, which is refelected in its large number of documented fish species. However, around 79species found in India are threatened due to various anthropogenic stresses like overexploitation, habitat degradation, pollution and disease. In-situ conservation Ex- situ conservation
- 10. Such of new molecular techniques helpful to field ecologist and fish biologist.These advances indicate biotechnology of fish health management and progress recenlty made in thrust areas of fishery science, which is progressing at a very fast.
- 11. Fish biology and fisheries by- S.S KHANNA H.R. SINGH