Advantge of Fluid Mechanics in airospace

G. H RAISONI COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING AND MANAGMENT, PUNE
(AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTE & AFFILIATED TO PUNE UNIVERSITY)
TAE – 01
Subject – Fluid Mechanics
Topic – Advantage of FM in Airospace
Guided by - Mr. S.Kumar (Sir)
Name – 1] Rutvik Honale {SMEA10}
2] Ram Sable {SMEA11}
Department of Mechanical Engineering

FLUID MECHANICS :-
 Fluid mechanics is the study of fluid behavior (liquids,
gases, blood, and plasmas) at rest and in motion. A life on
earth (and probably on all possible inhabitable planets) is
one lived while being constantly immersed in fluid (usually
air or water). Given that the vast majority of the observable
mass in the universe exists in a fluid state, that life as we
know it is not possible without fluids, and that the
atmosphere and oceans covering this planet are fluids,
fluid mechanics has unquestioned scientific and practical
importance. Its allure crosses disciplinary boundaries, in
part because it is described by a nonlinear field theory and
also because fluid phenomena are readily observed.

INTRODUACTION OF AEROSPACE :-
 Aerospace is a branch of physics that deals with the
motion of air and other gaseous fluids and with the forces
acting on bodies passing through such a fluid.
Aerodynamics seeks, in particular, to explain the
principles governing the flight of aircraft, rockets, and
missiles.
 It is a sub-field of fluid dynamics and gas dynamics, and
many aspects of aerodynamics theory are common to
these fields.
 The term aerospace is often used synonymously with gas
dynamics, the difference being that "gas dynamics"
applies to the study of the motion of all gases, and is not
limited to air.

FLUID DYNAMICS :-
 In physics and engineering, fluid dynamics is a sub discipline
of fluid mechanics that describes the flow of fluids—liquids
and gases. It has several sub disciplines, including
aerodynamics (the study of air and other gases in motion) and
hydrodynamics (the study of liquids in motion). Fluid
dynamics offers a systematic structure—which underlies these
practical disciplines—that embraces empirical and semi-
empirical laws derived from flow measurement and used to
solve practical problems. The solution to a fluid dynamics
problem typically involves the calculation of various
properties of the fluid, such as flow velocity, pressure, density,
and temperature, as functions of space and time.

AERODYNAMICS :-
 Aerodynamics is the study of how gases interact
with moving bodies. Because the gas that we
encounter most is air, aerodynamics is primarily
concerned with the forces of drag and lift, which are
caused by air passing over and around solid
bodies. Engineers apply the principles of
aerodynamics to the designs of many different
things, including buildings, bridges and even soccer
balls; however, of primary concern is the
aerodynamics of aircraft and automobiles.

FOUR FORCES OF FLIGHT :-
1] Left
2] Weight
3] Thrust
4] Drag
 These forces make an object move up and down, and faster or
slower. How much of each force there is changes how the object
moves through the air.

DRAG :-
 The most signiﬁcant aerodynamic force that applies to nearly everything that moves
through the air is drag.
 Drag is the force that opposes an aircraft's motion through the air, according to
NASA. Drag is generated in the direction the air is moving when it encounters a
solid object.
THRUST :-
 Thrust is the force that is the opposite of drag. Thrust is the push that moves
something forward.
 For an aircraft to keep moving forward, it must have more thrust than drag.
 A small airplane might get its thrust from a propeller. A larger airplane
might get its thrust from jet engines.

WEIGHT :-
 Everything on Earth has weight. This force comes from gravity
pulling down on objects.
 To ﬂy, an aircraft needs something to push it in the opposite
direction from gravity.
 The weight of an object controls how strong the push has to be.
 A kite needs a lot less upward push than a jumbo jet does.
LIFT :-
 Lift is the push that lets something move up. It is the force that is the
opposite of weight.
 Everything that ﬂies must have lift. For an aircraft to move upward,
it must have more lift than weight.
 A hot air balloon has lift because the hot air inside is lighter than the
air around it. Hot air rises and carries the balloon with it.

TYPES OF FLOW IN AEROSPACE :-
Incompressible Flow:
 Incompressible flow is type of flow in which density of fluid remains
constant. It means fluid is incompressible. Practically incompressible flow
is not possible. But in aerodynamics when velocity of air is less than 0.3
mach (370.44 Kmph) flow is considered to be as incompressible flow.
 Compressible Flow
 Compressible flow is flow in which density of fluid changes with respect
to distance. For example, consider fluid flowing over body. So the fluid
will have higher density at a place where fluid collides with body.
 Steady Flow
 If fluid parameters such as velocity, acceleration, etc does not change
with respect to time, Such type of flow is know as Steady flow.

1] External flows:-
 To estimate total Drag force & Lift forces.
 To optimize and modify the shape of aircraft.
 To analyze the total pressure and force on every part to
calculate the strength of material needed.
 To study uncommon situations like aircraft stall, turbulence
effects, gust loads etc
2] Internal flows:-
 To compute internal air supply (amount of air pressure
needed) for the pressure cabin.
 To simulate the pipe flows, turbulence in pipes, shocks in
pipes, cavitation damage etc.
 To design the Nozzles, Diffusers etc

3] Multi-phase flows:-
 To improve atomization of fuel
 To optimize Droplet evaporation
 To analyze Droplet dynamics
 To estimate and improve Air-fuel mixtures
4] Reacting flows:-
 To simulate and study the combustion phenomena
 To estimate the fuel suppy-rate basing on thrust required
 To calculate the amount of energy released in combustion
 To study the Ignition-of Air-fuel mixture
 To analyze the Flame-advection
 To improve the Fuel burn rate by improving mixtures
 To enhance Turbulent combustion
 To estimate the total Thrust obtained

DOES BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE EXPLAIN FLIGHT? :-
 Bernoulli's principle helps explain that an aircraft
can achieve lift because of the shape of its wings.
They are shaped so that that air flows faster over
the top of the wing and slower underneath. Fast
moving air equals low air pressure while slow
moving air equals high air pressure

Advantge of Fluid Mechanics in airospace

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