Adventuring-beyond
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This document provides an overview and summary of a social studies textbook series for classes 1-8. It includes the following key points: - The series is based on themes from history, geography, civics, economics, and sociology and aims to develop social, cultural, and analytical skills. - It takes a comprehensive approach to teaching social studies and suitably grades the material for different classes. - The supplementary CD included enhances the book content with visuals, animations, and interactive exercises. - The books and manuals have been revised by an experienced educationist to improve the organization and presentation of concepts and activities.
Adventuring-beyond
- 1. © 2015 Encyclopædia Britannica (India) Private Limited. Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Britannica Learning, and the Thistle logo are trademarks of Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. All other brand and product names are the trademarks of their respective companies. All rights reserved. Adventuring beyond... is a comprehensive course based on a judicious selection of themes from History, Geography, Civics, Economics, and Sociology. Suitably graded, it develops the social, cultural, and analytical skills required in an increasingly interdependent and diversified world. Culture Sociology A Course in Social Studies Series for classes 1-8 Economics Geography History Photos: Front cover: (Cartoon map of city): © Wanlaya Prathan/Dreamstime.com; (treasure chest): © Brancaescova/Dreamstime.com; (compass): © freepik.com (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-sa/3.0/deed.en); (chef, nurse, family, girl holding a tennis racket with a dog by her side, lawyer): Gurmeet Singh; (fruits and vegetables, a picture with bread, butter, sugar, and potatoes): © Kallol Majumder; (Early man, waterfall): © Brancaescova/Dreamstime.com; (seasons): © Rohit Kapoor; (tree with fruits): © vecto2000.com; (wind mill, microscope): © round icons.com; (lamb, train, scooter, bicycle, two birds, mountain, car, flame, tree,brown dog, raining cloud, compass, two cooling towers): © freepik.com (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en); (Diwali diyas, Holi colors on a plate): © Snapgalleria/Dreamstime.com; (a couple wearing a thwab and a jellabiya, a couple wearing kimonos, a couple wearing a saree and lungi, a couple wearing a saree and kurta): © Gurmeet Singh; (Planet, hen, Earth, yacht, palm tree, blue mountains, old pictographs, mountain scene with white frame, old newspaper, compass): © freepik.com (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en); (corn, tomatoes): © Christos Georghiou/Dreamstime.com; (India Gate): © ectomart/Dreamstime.com; (Qutab Minar): © Vectomart/Dreamstime.com; (Lotus Temple): © Snapgalleria/Dreamstime.com; (well): © nicubunu/openclipart.com; (antique lantern): © roundPixel.org (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en); (elephant): ©Alexis/ Vectorportal. com; (orange coloured sun, sapling): © EBI; (desert): © Harish Chandra; (bridge, Charminar): © Kallol Majumder; (Rose, kites, cow, kathakali face, Indian woman, white birds): © Vectomart/Dream- stime.com; (orange-coloured pattern): © Snapgalleria/Dreamstime.com; (car, petrol pump, truck, route map, trees, mountains, oil derricks, tractor, factory, gold coins, compass: © freepik.com (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en); (building): © bazaardesigns.com (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en); (orangecoloured sun, green-coloured recycle sign, globe, rupee sign): © EBI; (Folded hands): © Vectomart | Dreamstime.com; (polar bear sitting): © rogerrenno/Vecteezy.com; (hand holding a globe, monkey, elephant, rhino, hippo, horse, paper plane, windmills, sunflower, Sun, plane, butterfly, mountains and water, hot-air balloon, tree, island, yacht, map, Earth, anchor, bag, compass, two cooling towers): © freepik.com (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en) CD 6 R EV ISED Revised by Dr. Ashok Kumar – Dr. Kumar is an experienced and eminent educationist. He is the CEO of the Indian High School Group and Principal of the Indian High School, Dubai. His numerous awards include the National Award for Best Principal. He has been the Chairman of the Council of CBSE Affiliated Schools in the Gulf and is closely associated with the Central Board of Secondary Education, New Delhi. The supplementary CD available with each of the books for levels 1 to 8 augments the book content with visuals, animations, and interactive exercises. Jupiter is the largest of all planets and sometime shines brighter than any other planet apart from Venus, because of its giant size. Did you know, its diameter is about 11 times more than that of the Earth’s? It is a gas giant made up of hydrogen and helium, and is covered by a layer of clouds. Its fast rotating movement causes severe storms. Saturn is the second largest planet in our Solar System and is known for its rings. Space studies show that Saturn has thousands of thin rings, made up of ice particles varying in size from very small to as big as an iceberg. Uranus is the third largest planet, four times the size of the Earth. It is similar to Jupiter and Saturn in composition, but colder because of its distance from the Sun. Uranus also has thin rings but they cannot be seen from the Earth as they are black in colour. Neptune, also called the blue giat, was discovered in 1846 after some mathematical conclusions were made by astronomers. It is so far from the Earth that it can hardly be seen, even with powerful telescopes. Space studies show that it has about 11 moons and thin rings, similar to those of Uranus. Our unique Earth Look at the photograph of the Earth taken from space. It is a colourful planet, with shades of blue, white, and green. The oceans and seas make our Earth look blue when seen from space. The white colour represents the clouds. Green shows the vegetation. Why do you think we see so little of the green colour? Thirty per cent of our planet is covered by land and 70 per cent by water. Can you identify your country in the image? The Earth is surrounded by an atmosphere of nitrogen, oxygen, and water vapour. It also has a layer of ozone, which absorbs some of the damaging radiation from the Sun. Most importantly, the Earth has water. These conditions support life. Besides, our planet has soil, which allows plants to grow. Though the temperatures on the Earth vary a lot (–85°C to 65°C), we have more or less constant temperatures between day and night. Our planet is about 149,591,000 km away from the Sun. Therefore, it is neither too hot nor too cold and can support life. The Earth takes 365¼ days to complete one revolution around the Sun. It completes one rotation in 24 hours, resulting in day and night. You will learn about these movements in the next Chapter. The Earth has one moon. The Moon Our Moon is a natural satellite of the Earth. Satellites are smaller celestial bodies which revolve around the larger bodies—generally the planets. As planets move around the Sun, their satellites accompany them in their revolution. Satellites may be natural or human-made. Human-made satellites are sent to space to collect information for scientists. The Moon is about 3,84,400 km away from the Earth. It completes one revolution around the Earth in about 27 days. It takes almost the same time to complete a rotation on its axis. The Moon has no light of its own. It reflects the light of the Sun. Since Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Check out Visit www.britannica.com to find out how Saturn, Uranus, Jupiter, and Neptune got their rings. Earth as seen from space The Earth’s Moon Book 6 Encyclopædia Britannica (India) Private Limited A-41, Mohan Cooperative Industrial Estate, Main Mathura Road, New Delhi – 110 044 Telephone: +91 11 47154100 | Facsimile: +91 11 29245116 Website: www.britannicaindia.com | Queries: school@ebindia.com www.facebook.com/EBSouthAsia www.twitter.com/britannica The Teacher’s Manuals are now available in a CD. Multiple copies of it can be printed if required by a school. TEACHER’S MANUALS 6 to 8 MINIMUM SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS ® ® ! Microsoft Windows XP, Vista, Windows 7, or Windows 8 ® ! Pentium III or equivalent processor ! 512 MB RAM(1 GB recommended) ! 1024 X 768 resolution, 24-bit colour ! Internet Explorer 9, Internet Explorer 10, and Internet Explorer 11 web browsers. ! Flash player 8 and above INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS 1. The Adventuring beyond program will automatically launch from the CD. 2. In case it does not, access the CD ROM drive through Windows Explorer. 3. Choose 'AdventuringBeyond TM6To8.exe' and run the application. A course in Social Studies TEACHER’S MANUALS 3 to 5 MINIMUM SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS ® ® ! Microsoft Windows XP, Vista, Windows 7, or Windows 8 ® ! Pentium III or equivalent processor ! 512 MB RAM(1 GB recommended) ! 1024 X 768 resolution, 24-bit colour ! Internet Explorer 9, Internet Explorer 10, and Internet Explorer 11 web browsers. ! Flash player 8 and above INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS 1. The Adventuring beyond program will automatically launch from the CD. 2. In case it does not, access the CD ROM drive through Windows Explorer. 3. Choose 'AdventuringBeyond TM3To5.exe' and run the application. A course in Social Studies
- 2. Value AddsThe Approach Summative Assessments: Two new question papers are added at the end of each term. Layout and attractive illustrations PRACTICE/ APPLICATION INSTRUCTION ENGAGEMENT Spiral linking to previous knowledge through We already know Now moving ahead as objectives of the chapter Additional information through fact boxes and case studies Web links to aid additional research Heritage Education: Activities devised with the aim of familiarizing students with different states, people, culture, and lifestyles. Save the planet for awareness and sensitivity towards the environment Knowledge-based and Application- based activities Summary at the end of each chapter for recapitulation of the concepts. This is also the link to the interactive CD. CCE icons to help the teacher in formative assessment Interesting warm ups to introduce concepts Talking points to encourage class discussions and debates Communication-based activities made more interactive, i.e., Now you are talking A variety of activities and projects to implement NCF 2005 guidelines Brush up! 1. People in different parts of India celebrate many festivals and special days. 2. Festivals are time for prayers, fun, feasting, caring, and sharing. 3. Harvest festivals celebrate good crops. 4. Diwali, Christmas, Eid-dul-fitr, and Guruparabs are religious festivals. 5. Independence Day, Republic Day, and Gandhi Jayanti are national festivals of India. Independence: Freedom from being ruled by some other country Republic: A country which is not ruled by a king or queen but a group of leaders chosen by the people of the country Get the Get the Revision time! A. Answer the following. 1. What are harvest festivals? Give some examples. 2. Why are festivals so special? 3. What are religious festivals? 4. What are some of our national festivals? 5. Is it more fun to celebrate festivals all alone or with family and friends? B. Choose the correct words from the brackets to fill in the blanks. 1. Pongal is a .................. festival. (religious/harvest) 2. ............... race is a special feature of Onam. (camel/boat) 3. We celebrate .............................. Day on 26 January. (Independence/Republic) 4. Lohri marks the end of .................... . (summer/winter) 5. Basant Panchami welcomes ................... . (spring/rain) C. Underline the odd one. 1. Guruparabs: a) langar b) harvest festival c) prabhat pheri 2. National festivals: a) Holi b) Gandhi Jayanti c) Independence Day98 Book 3 ‘End-of-chapter’ exercises, suitably edited and revised to match the changes made in the book Map 3.2: Continents and oceans Oceans and continents Most of the Earth is covered with water and the rest of it is land. The water is in the form of oceans, rivers, lakes, and groundwater. Some of these water bodies have been marked in blue on the map given below. In between these we can see the land areas. As we can see on the map, there are some huge water bodies. These are the four main oceans—namely the Pacific, the Atlantic, the Indian, and the Arctic. The Pacific is the largest ocean. Other than the blue oceans, the map also shows large landmasses called continents. There are seven continents, namely North America, South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia, and Antarctica. The continents have many countries. India is in Asia, the largest continent. Australia is the smallest continent and a country too. The Pacific ocean covers almost one-third of the entire area of the Earth! The name Pacific comes from a Latin word, meaning ‘peaceful sea’. Ferdinand Magellan, the explorer, named it. ...and that’s a fact... If the Earth was divided into three equal parts, one part would be one-third of it. That’s a lot of water! 21 Book 3 Interesting facts Yes, we all have contributed to give our place a fresh look. Our building will get painted soon. It’s time for your medicines grandpa. Yes, let’s go. Come, let us go to the playground nearby. Thank you. I hope the clothes are not getting wet. Your plants look beautiful! Such nice people upstairs Yes, they are very polite. Now you are talking! In which neighbourhood would you like to stay? What are some things that make a good neighbourhood? stay? What are some things that make a Activity Read the statements below. Tick the ones which you think make you a good neighbour and cross out the ones that make you a bad neighbour. 1. Keep the area around your house clean 2. Greet the neighbours 3. Litter on the streets 4. Throw water out of the window without checking to see if there is anyone outside 5. Steal fruits from the neighbour’s tree 6. Write on cars and walls 7. Help visitors who are looking for a particular address7. Help visitors who are looking for a particular address 101 India is a country of great diversity. We all live together in peace. We call this ‘unity in diversity’. This is good living, and it begins at home and in the neighbourhood! Let us visit two neighbourhoods and see what is happening. No need at all. Who’ll pay for it? Our building looks so dirty! We need to get it painted. Don’t worry, no one is home. RUN! When will this loud noise stop? Go, hang your clothes somewhere else. Stop it! My clothes are getting wet! CRASH! Good living17 100 Lively illustrations make learning interactive interesting Book 3 100 SAVE THE PLANET We can help by being a little careful about how we use the different things we need. We should not buy things unless we really need them. By following the three Rs, we can use our natural resources carefully and for a longer period of time. The three Rs of the environment tell us to Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle. To reduce • Save energy by turning off the lights that you are not using • Reduce the use of cars and other vehicles—walk, ride the bicycle • Use a carpool whenever possible To reuse • It is good to use cloth bags instead of paper bags. Cloth bags can be used again and again and we would also be saving trees that way • Write on both sides of the paper To recycle Many of the things we use every day like paper bags, newspapers, magazines, and milk cartons, plastic, and aluminium cans and bottles are made out of materials that can be recycled. Recycled items are put through a process that makes it possible to create new products out of the materials from the old ones. Next time you are out shopping, check out whether what you buy is made of material that can be recycled. To recycle Many of the things we use every day like paper bags, newspapers, magazines, and milk cartons, plastic, and aluminium cans and bottles are made out of materials that can be recycled. Recycled items are put through a process that makes it possible to create new products out of the materials from the old ones. Next time you are out shopping, check out whether what you buy is made of material that can be recycled. Brush up! 1. An industry converts raw materials into finished goods. 2. Cottage industries involve the production of goods at home with the help of simple tools, members of the family, and locally available raw materials. 3. Small-scale industries run from small factories and use simple machines. 4. Large-scale industries need big space, big machines, a huge amount of raw materials, and many skilled workers. Factory: A place where people make things with machines Industry: The process of making things in factories Get the Get the Also, providing raw materials for some industries may mean cutting down trees or using up the non-renewable resources. We must be sure that pollution is minimized and that our resources are protected. Book 4 Value education through topics from current scenarios to enhance students’ development Let us meet some people who help in making clothes. Colourful clothes from India We know that people wear clothes according to the places where they live. Look at these pictures. They show children from different parts of India wearing different kinds of clothes. Which of these have you seen? Can you name any of these clothes? The farmer grows cotton plants. The shepherd rears the sheep for wool. The weaver weaves1 the cloth. The tailor stitches the cloth to make clothes. The shopkeeper sells the cloth. Rajasthan West Bengal Kerala Did you know, Mahatma Gandhi wove his own cloth on a small hand machine called a charkha? He called this special cloth khadi. ...and that’s a fact... Maharashtra Punjab Kashmir Check out Visit http://learnenglishkids. britishcouncil.org/en/category/ general-themes/clothes to play some fun games about clothes. 1 weave: put threads together to make cloth All three of these women are wearing the same kind of cloth but in different ways. Talk in class about what each one is wearing. All three of these women are Now you are talking! Talk in class about what each one is wearing. Talk in class about what each wearing the same kind of cloth but in different ways. Talk in class about what eachTalk in class about what each 27 Emphasis on varied cultures traditions existing in India Book 2 See Map 6.4, which shows the major plains of the world. These plains are formed by the deposit and erosion activities of external forces such as rivers and their tributaries. Types of plains There are three types of plains. Tectonic plains These are formed by internal forces causing uplift of sea coasts, such as the low-lying coastal plains of the Malabar Coast along the western sea coast of India. Erosional plains These are formed when the action of rivers, glaciers, and wind erode higher levels of land for years and years to form flat plains. The Interior Plains of Canada have been downcut by erosion. Depositional plains These plains are formed by the accumulation of deposits. These are of many kinds. Alluvial plains are formed by the deposition of sediment by rivers, that accumulate over time, such as the Indo- Gangetic Plain. Till plains, found in North America and Europe, have been formed by glacial deposits of clay, sand, gravel, and boulders carried by ice. Wind action accumulates sand to form desert plains, such as the Sahara Desert. Great Indo-Gangetic plainThe Mississippi River alluvial plain Geo skill Look at the map of plateaus—the major plateaus have been labelled. Study the map carefully and then answer the following: 1. Name one plateau in North America. 2. Name one plateau in Europe. 3. Name one plateau in Africa. 4. Which plateau will you find in Australia? 5. Which plateau will you find in north Asia? 6. Name a plateau in west Asia. 7. Which continent seems to have the least number of plateaus? Map 6.3: Plateaus of the world 69 Book 6 Updated maps and interpretive exercises to hone map-reading skills Dry deserts A desert is usually a very hot, sandy, and dry place. Not many tress grow there. So very few people and animals live in deserts. Sometimes it does not rain for years in the deserts! Forests Some places have lots of trees. Many different kinds of animals, birds, and insects live there. These are called forests. Forests are very important. Trees clean the air and give us many useful things. Oceans and seas Seas and oceans are huge water bodies. Most of our Earth is covered with water that is found in oceans and seas. Oceans and seas are full of fish, and plants that grow under the water. The land along oceans or seas is called the coast. A piece of land with water all around is an island. Now you are talking! Can you think of some things that we get from the forests?from the forests? Desert An Island SAVE THE PLANET The Earth is our home. It is our duty to keep all landforms on Earth clean. When you go for vacations to different places, make sure you do not make the place dirty. Keep your own city clean too. Forest The camel is known as the ‘ship of the desert’ because it can live in the dry deserts without water and food for many days. It can travel long distances through the sandy deserts. ...and that’s a fact... 73 Book 2 Communication-based activities Bank We can keep our money and other costly things in the bank. Our money is safe here. Police station Every neighbourhood usually has a police station. Policemen and policewomen work here to keep the neighbourhood safe. Hospital We go to the hospital when we are sick or when we get hurt. Doctors and nurses treat us and look after us while we are there. Fire station Whenever there is a fire in the neighbourhood, the fire station sends a fire brigade and firefighters. They help in putting the fire out. ‘I promise that I will keep myself clean, then my house, my surroundings, my society, my state and finally my nation will be clean,’ said former President Dr APJ Abdul Kalam. Can you also make a promise to yourself to clean your neighbourhood? With the help of your friends, parents, teachers, and your neighbours, organize a cleaning campaign and ask the people in the neighbourhood to keep their houses and compounds clean. Activity Here is a fun idea. Start a neighbourhood kids club. Get together with all the kids in your neighbourhood. Once a week, do something good for the neighbourhood. Some ideas are: cleaning the neighbourhood park, visiting the old people in the neighbourhood, collecting old clothes and books to be given to the poor children or planting a tree. 39 Book 2 HOTS questions foster critical thinking scientific skills Summative Assessment 2 (Chapters 10-18) (40 marks) A. Fill in the blanks. (5×1 mark) 1. When factories dump their waste into rivers and make them dirty, it is called _____________ pollution. 2. Newspapers and radio are a means of _____________. 3. Our shadow is shortest at _____________. 4. The national animal of India is the _____________. 5. Early humans made tools out of _____________. B. Match the following: (5×1 mark) 1. Camel a) high mountain ranges 2. Plateau b) ship of the desert 3. Calendar c) people of India 4. Indians d) land which is higher than the nearby land but with a flat top 5. Himalayas e) shows the months of a year and the days of a month too C. Underline the correct answer. (5×1 marks) 1. The ___________ tells us whether it is sunny, rainy, windy, or cloudy at any time of the day. a) season b) weather c) climate 2. _____________ are flowing streams of water. a) oceans b) rivers c) seas 3. Helicopters are a mode of _____________ transport. a) land b) water c) air 4. We need air to _____________. a) eat b) drink c) breathe 5. We get cotton and jute from _____________. a) plants b) animals c) oceans D. Write Yes or No. (5×1 mark) 1. The life of early humans was like ours. _____________ 2. The Earth has more water than land. _____________ 3. The Sun rises at night. _____________ 4. Trains run on tracks. _____________ 5. Salty water is fit for drinking. _____________ E. Name them. (4×2 marks) 1. Weather of a place for a longer period of time: _____________ 2. The main seasons in India: __________, __________, __________, __________, _________ 3. Land areas next to oceans: _____________ 4. Moving air: _____________ F. Answer the questions. (6×2 marks) 1. Why is the monsoon important? 2. What did early humans use to create fire? 3. Why do we use clocks? 4. What is the atmosphere? 5. How do lizards help us? 6. What is the national bird of India? 5. How do lizards help us? 6. What is the national bird of India?104 Book 2 Question papers at the end of each term in each book