age of fetus with morphological features
- 1. AGE OF FETUS WITH MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES SURAJ CHAUDHARY 24th JULY 2017
- 2. Term ovum is used for 7 - 10 days after conception, i.e., until the implantation occurs. Called embryo from 1st to 8th week and fetus later. GESTATIONAL AGE: determined from maturation of chorionic villi, foot length and ossification centers.
- 3. END OF 1st MONTH length: 1 cm Weight: 2.5 g Eye is seen as two dark spot. Mouth as cleft.
- 4. END OF 2nd MONTH length: 4 cm Weight: 10 g Eyes and nose is recognizable. Hands and feet are webbed. Placenta is formed.
- 5. END OF 3rd MONTH Length: 9 cm Weight: 30 g Eyes are closed and pupillary membrane appears. Nails appear. Neck is formed.
- 6. END OF 4th MONTH Length: 16 cm Weight: 120 g Sex can be recognized. Lanugo hair is seen. Meconium is seen in upper part of small intestine.
- 7. END OF 5th MONTH Length: 25 cm Weight: 400 g Nails are distinct and soft. Vernix caseosa appears on body.
- 8. END OF 5th MONTH CONTINUED Fine hair on scalp. Meconium at the beginning of large intestine. CENTRE OF OSSIFICATION FOR CALCANEUM APPEARS
- 9. END OF 6th MONTH Length: 30 cm Weight: 700 g Eyebrow and eye lashes appear. Eyelids are adherent. Skin is red and wrinkled for want of fat.
- 10. END OF 7th MONTH Length: 35 cm Weight:900-1200g Eyes are open, pupillary membrane disappears. Nails are thick. Skin is dusky red , thick and fibrous
- 11. END OF 7th MONTH CONTINUED Meconium present in entire large intestine. Centre of ossification for talus appear.
- 12. END OF 8th MONTH Length: 40 cm Weight: 1-1.5kg Scalp hair is thick. Nails reach the tips of fingers. Lanugo hair on face.
- 13. END OF 9th MONTH Length: 45 cm Weight: 2.5-3kg Scalp is covered with dark hair. Vernix caseosa is present over flexures of joints and neck folds.
- 14. END OF 9th MONTH CONTINUED Ossification centers for lower end femur, cuboid and capitate appear.
- 15. FULL TERM CHILD length: 50-53 cm Weight: 3-3.5 kg Nail projects beyond finger tips, but reach only tip of toes. Rectum contains dark green and black meconium.
- 16. FULL TERM CHILD CONTINUED Six fontanelles are present. Umbilicus is midway between xiphisternum and symphysis pubis. Centre of ossification for upper end of tibia appears.
- 17. Demonstration of centers of ossification 1.Sternum: The bone is replaced on a wooden board and sectioned in its long axis with a cartilage knife which exposes the centers of ossification.
- 18. 2.Lower end of femur and upper end of tibia: The leg is flexed against the thigh and a horizontal incision is made into the knee joint and patella is removed.A number of cross sections are made through the epiphysis starting from the articular surface and continuing until the largest cross-section of ossification center is reached. In the lower end of femur, this is seen as brownish-red nucleus which is surrounded by a bluish-white cartilage.
- 19. 3.Bones of foot: The heel of the foot is held by one hand and with the other hand an incision is made through the interspace between the 3rd-4th toes and carried downwards through the sole of the foot and heel
- 20. RULE OF HAASE It is a rough method of calculating the age of fetus. The length of fetus is measured from crown to heel in centimeters. During first five months of pregnancy- square root of length gives approximate age of fetus in months. During last five months- length in centimeters divided by 5 gives age in months. - MORISON’s law
- 21. SHORT QUESTIONS 1. Write about age of fetus. 2. A dead fetus was sent for post-mortem examination. length:38 cm. weight:900 g. a. Determine the age of fetus? b. Write the rule of HAASE and MORISON’s?
- 23. 1.Crown-heel length of five months fetus would be a. 16 cm b. 25 cm c. 30 cm d. 35 cm ans - b. 25 cm
- 24. 2.Rule of HAASE is used to determine. a.age of fetus b.height of an adult c.race of person d.identification ans- a.age of fetus
- 25. 3.Ossification centre, appearing at end of 9th month is a.lower end of femur b.lower end of tibia c.upper end of humerus d.scaphoid ans - a.lower end of femur
- 26. 4.The average length of a full term child will be about a. 35 cm b. 40 cm c. 50 cm d. 55 cm ans - c. 50 cm
- 27. 5.Following is the correct sequence of ossification a.talus-calcaneum-cuboid b.cuboid-calcaneum-talus c.calcaneum-talus-cuboid d.talus-cuboid-calcaneum ans - c.calcaneum-talus-cuboid
- 28. Thank you.