The presenter discussed limitations of predictive project management and how agile project management addresses these through its values of prioritizing individuals and interactions, working software, customer collaboration, and responding to change. Key aspects of agile include self-organizing cross-functional teams, frequent delivery of working software, and emphasis on individuals and interactions over processes. Popular agile methodologies like Scrum were explained, involving rituals like daily stand-ups and artifacts like product backlogs. Career opportunities in agile project management were explored along with typical job roles and required skills.