Agiletools

TargetProcess, Inc.

Whitepaper

Agile Tools.
The Good, the Bad and the Ugly.
“Every gun makes its own tune.”

Man With No Name

Michael Dubakov
And
Peter Stevens

www.TargetProcess.com
Phone: 877-718-2617
Fax: 607-398-7927

Table of Contents

Introduction………………………………………………………………………………...3
Why do you need a tool?………………………………………………………………6
Simplest tools………………………………………………………………………………7
General software tools…………………………………………………………………9
Old-school project management tools…………………………………………12
Agile project management tools…………………………………………………15
When is whiteboard better than everything else? ………………………17
Conclusion and Predictions………………………………………………………..20
Author Biographies……………………………………………………………………21

2008 TargetProcess, Inc., Michael Dubakov and Peter Stevens
Page 2

Introduction
Introduction
Agile software development adoption spreads over the world. According to the latest surveys, about
70% of organizations adopt agile practices (http://www.ambysoft.com/surveys/agileFebruary2008.html)
and stick with it. During the last 10 years, agile methods jumped from nowhere to the peak. Such rapid
revolution demands new tools. There are many developers-focused tools appearing including JUnit,
Eclipse, Cruise Control, etc. However, the project management community is less self-sufficient and
unable to create new tools for the new methodology in their spare time. As a result, most companies
are still using old-fashioned project management tools like MS Project or generic tools like spreadsheets
for project planning and tracking.

The table below contains results of project management tools usage taken from TargetProcess leads
(from May to July). People requested trial or free versions of TargetProcess. There were 371 requests
with answers about tools usage.

Tool Category Answers
Traditional 89
Spread sheets 60
None 65
Agile 41
Bug Tracking 44
Collaboration 20
Wiki 24
Other 12
In-House 16
371

The question was in a free form and the answer was typed. Surprisingly, 18% of the respondents do not
use any tool at all. Most likely, many people in the "None" category use paper and whiteboards.
However, it is just an assumption.

Page 3

• 24% companies use traditional project management tools (vast majority use MS Project).

• 16% use Spread Sheets (vast majority use MS Excel).

• 12% use various Bug Tracking tools (JIRA is the winner in this category).

• 11% use Agile Project Management Tools (open source XPlanner is a leader).

Tool Answers Category
MS Project 81 Traditional
Spread sheets 60 Spreadsheets
None 65 None
Rally 7 Agile
JIRA 17 Bug Tracking
XPlanner 12 Agile
VersionOne 9 Agile
Basecamp 9 Collaboration
Trac 16 Wiki
Mantis 10 Bug Tracking
Other Bug Tracker 17 Bug Tracking
custom/in-house 16 InHouse
dotProject 8 Traditional
Other Collaboration 11 Collaboration
Mingle 6 Agile
ScrumWorks 7 Agile
VSTS 7 Other
Wiki 8 Wiki
Paper 5 Other
371

Page 4

In total, 52% use traditional tools, excel or bug tracking tools for project management. Are these the
best choices for software development projects?

In this article, we discuss various approaches for agile project management and provide comparisons
between the simplest tools (index cards and whiteboards), spreadsheets, traditional project
management software and agile project management software.

Page 5

Why do you need a tool?
Let's assume that we have a large and shiny nail. What is the best tool for the nail? Hopefully, the
answer is obvious to most of us. Now, let's assume that we have a development team and a "shining",
promising, cool new agile development process. Most likely the hammer will not help.

To tackle this problem, it is essential to have at your disposal a tool that enables requirements
gathering, iteration planning, progress tracking and reporting. You can't rely on memory for
requirements gathering. You can't rely on the universal perception for iteration planning and you
definitely can't rely on telepathy for progress tracking and reporting. You need a tool that will do the job
with minimum effort and minimum side effects.

“I think that people and how they interact on a project are the most important thing, and I think that
they need to create a way of working -- a process -- that works best for them. Because their interactions
are critical to project success, I suggest that teams begin the work with an approach that will bring them
together as people, not one that will let them remain apart, communicating electronically”.

— Ron Jeffries

Page 6

The Simplest Tools
If you ever tried Extreme Programming or Scrum, you are familiar with the simplest tools commonly
used for the fine-grained short-term project plans creation and progress tracking: Index Cards and Big
Visible Charts (http://xp123.com/xplor/room-gallery/index.shtml).

The beauty of cards is threefold: Cards have one more
benefit. Cards are tangible.
1) They are flexible. People love to use
2) They are easy to use when working in a group. Used to manage the sprint. something tangible like
paper, post-it notes,
3) They are part of an extremely easy to understand overview of the state of
markers, etc. They provide
the project. a feeling of control and real
feedback. For some reason,
So whether you are brainstorming user stories, planning tasks for the current they stimulate the
sprint, or reviewing the sprint in a retrospective, cards are easy. They let people imagination and good ideas
work in parallel, and are very effective for communicating and prioritizing pop up more often.
information.

The drawbacks of cards are also threefold:

1) Reusing data.
2) Backing up data.
3) Having remote access to the data.

So if you use cards to create your product backlog, that's fine, but now yourCEO wants a report on which
stories have been completed and which are forecasted to be completed by which sprint. This is easy to
do if you have a spreadsheet, but first you have to enter all the data by hand, a job which usually falls on
one person. Related to reuse is backup (and possibly other security issues): what happens if you lose the
cards?
Things are different in a distributed team. Everybody needs to see the task board. In a meeting,
everybody needs to not just read, but also to post the cards on the wall and it is required to send the
sprint contract to the customer. There are teams using web cams and Skype connections to broadcast
the task board to remote sites, but even that seems like a weak alternative. The remote sites have read-
only access to the cards, if they are even legible.

Moreover, using cards to manage the Scrum data (e.g. backlogs, taskboards, and burndown) does not
address how to manage other documentation (e.g. design documents, and program documentation).

And finally, how well does the approach scale? When you have hundreds or thousands of stories?

You may use cards for the Sprint Retrospective and for the initial product brainstorming. For the first
sprints, this is a good place to start, but most teams will quickly reach the natural limits of this approach.

Page 7

Pros Cons
• Easy to learn and easy to use • Don’t work for distributed teams
• Flexible, may be adopted for team • Don’t work for large teams
• Inexpensive • Lack of reporting
• Manual remaining time update, burn
down update etc.

Page 8

General Software Tools

Wiki is a very flexible tool. It can be used for almost any content management. There are teams that use
wiki for scrum development management. For example, you may setup Scrum area on the wiki with
structure like this:

• Sprint 1
• Sprint 2
• Sprint n
o Sprint Contract
Product Backlog at start of sprint (xls and pdf, as sent to the customer)
Status Overview from the Planning Meeting (current burndown chart, estimated
resources for next sprint, definition of done, time/location of next demo
meeting, etc.)
Sprint Backlog at start of Sprint (pdf - this is the actual contract)
Daily Scrum Spreadsheet (xls - updated daily)
Status Review from the Demo (stories/points accomplished, costs etc)
o Sprint Stories
Story 103 Some story -> all project documents related to that story
Story 105 Some other story

Wiki is not appropriate for backlog management, however a simple spreadsheet looks like a good
tool for that purpose. It is possible to consolidate all of the wish lists into one spreadsheet which
becomes the product backlog. It may have as little as 5 columns: Name, Effort, Priority and Estimate
and "reference number" column to make it easier to find individual stories.

Product Backlog in Excel

There are many possible ways to track sprint progress using spreadsheets (http://www.odd-
e.com/home_page/html_files/bl_templates.html). The simplest daily scrum spreadsheet contains a
list of all tasks and remaining effort for each day. The spreadsheet should be updated every day and
uploaded into the wiki to make it available for all parties.

Page 9

Iteration Burndown Chart in Excel

The advantage of this approach is self evident: many companies have
The problem with Wiki
these tools and know how to use them. A spreadsheet is very flexible, so
and Excel is quite
you can slice and dice the data as you see fit. Data reuse is not a
common. These tools are
problem per se. Backup is handled by whatever mechanisms you have in simple, but general. They
place for your PC. do not have business
logic behind them, but
The wiki requires a lot of discipline so that you can find things. The basic provide frameworks to
Scrum flow was relatively easy, but data which did not obviously belong resolve simple data
to a single sprint was always somehow a special case and finding it later manipulation problems.
was hard. A good search tool is a prerequisite for using the Wiki.

Page 10

Most likely the product backlog management will be inefficient with
It is good, but what are
the Wiki and spreadsheet. The Wiki is too inflexible as a data structure
the benefits? Wiki+Excel
and the spreadsheet is too flexible. The customer, when he had the will not work in
data, could too easily change the structure of the spreadsheet. Assuring distributed environment
the quality of the input was a problem and we had "file locking" and will not work for
problems: Either the customer could update or you could update, but large collocated teams
you could not see changes made by the other until you got the well. Concurrent access,
spreadsheet back, nor could you update unless you had agreed with real-time reporting,
the customer that you had the writable copy. integration with other
dev. process tools – all
these functions are just

Pros Cons
• Easy to learn and easy to use • Doesn’t work for distributed teams
• Cheap • Doesn’t work for large teams
• Limited reporting
• Limited visibility
• Manual remaining time update, manual
burn down update

Page 11

Old-school project management tools
Most project managers are familiar with traditional tools like MS Project and it is natural for them to
plan iterations using well known tools. However, this desire may hurt agile adoption.

What does classical PM software do and what should agile project management software do?

Classical PM Software Agile PM Software
• Schedule a series of events • Product/Release backlog maintenance
• Manage dependencies between events • Release and Iteration plan
• Schedule people and resources maintenance
• Deal with uncertainties in the estimates of • Burn down reports
the duration of each task • Iteration velocity concept
• Arrange tasks to meet various deadlines • Task Board
• Calculate critical paths

Let’s evaluate how classical PM software functions correspond to the needs of an agile team.

• Schedule a series of events. The schedule of events is largely determined by the priorities of the
Product Owner and is negotiated from sprint to sprint with the developers. It is not required to
set dates for tasks and user stories.
• Manage dependencies between events. Dependencies are not required most of the time.
Software development teams may handle dependencies inside without any additional tool since
they are pretty obvious.
• Schedule people and resources. That may be helpful for large projects with several
development teams.
• Deal with uncertainties in the estimates of the duration of each task. The estimates are
handled in two levels of detail - 1) seat of the pants 'story points' for rough sizing and scheduling
at the release level, and 2) very detailed task estimates for monitoring progress through a sprint.
There is no need for additional uncertainties analysis.
• Arrange tasks to meet various deadlines. The only deadlines are sprint demos and they are
fixed by the sprint rhythm.
• Calculate critical paths. Critical paths are not important for single iteration. The development
team “feels” it during the iteration planning and daily scrum meetings since the iteration is
usually short. High level critical paths may be helpful for large projects with several
development teams, but still it differs from the usual critical paths in traditional PM tools. It may
include just releases and iterations, not tasks.

Page 12

Iteration Plan in MS Project

"The trouble with Microsoft Project is that it assumes that you want to spend a lot of time worrying
about dependencies... I've found that with software, the dependencies are so obvious that it's just not
worth the effort to formally keep track of them." — Joel Spolsky

Let’s see how traditional PM tools support required agile practices:

• Product/Release backlog. Just do not exist in traditional PM tools. You will have to store
backlog in Excel or somewhere else and copy/paste features when required.
• Release and Iteration plan maintenance. May be done in traditional PM tools without
problems.
• Burn down reports. Just do not exist in traditional PM tools.
• Task Board. Just do not exist in traditional PM tools.
• Iteration velocity concept. If you create iteration in traditional PM tools, Effort will be
Iteration Velocity in fact, but you don't have a clear velocity progress picture.

In short, the tool needed for successful agile project management should be the opposite of what
classical PM tools have to offer. It should compensate for classical PM tools’ weaknesses in an effort to
avoid frustration and gaps in communication among ALL of the team members.

Page 13

How many features in MS Project will you use for Iterative Development? Resources and Tasks — that's
it. Tasks will be independent, so critical path is useless and Gantt chart is not very helpful. Resource
leveling sometimes helps, but in most cases conflicts may be resolved very easily during daily meetings.
Most reports are useless.

It appears, that traditional PM tools are too complex and don't bring enough value to justify its usage
in iterative planning.

Pros Cons
• May already exist in a company • Does not support agile development
• People allocation support concepts
• Limited reporting
• Limited visibility

Page 14

Agile project management tools
The integration of the entire planning and development process is the major argument for a dedicated
tool. Almost any development process includes activities like:

• Requirements management (product/release backlogs).
• Planning (release/iteration planning).
• Tracking (project/release/iteration progress tracking).
• Quality Assurance (testing, bugs management).
• Feedback Gathering (feedback from customers, ideas, issues).

Most teams use several tools to manage all these activities. For example, the toolset may include MS
Project, Requisite Pro, Bugzilla, Test Run and Support Forum. Each tool does a part of the job, but it
takes time for people to export/import data between applications and often slice and dice data
manually to have the complete picture. The solution is an integrated project management software that
supports all development activities and provides information in a single shot.
Modern agile project management software combines common activities and provides open API for
advanced integration. It powers:

• User Stories and Epics management.
• Backlogs prioritization.
• High level release planning and low level iteration planning.
• Progress tracking via virtual burndown charts, Task Board and Daily Progress.
• Tests management via Test Cases support and integration with automated testing tools.
• Bugs management via Bug Tracking support and integration with external bug tracking tools.
• Customers’ requests management via Help Desk functionality or integration with third-party
tools like Salesforce.

In short, you get support for an integrated process (Lean Principle at Work: Eliminate Waste, in
particular, searching for information), starting from preparation through deployment and operations.
The other goal of agile project management tools is to integrate several teams. In the real world, several
teams work together on a single large project. Often the teams are separated by continents and time
zones. It is really hard to integrate them without a tool that can be easily accessible by all teams all the
time. Paper and whiteboards will not help; desktop applications will not help either. The only viable
solution so far is the web based software.

There are various opinions about distributed teams, including extreme:

"Distributed teams are not teams; they are at best a collection of people who communicate regularly.
But communication is not collaboration. A distributed team cannot create the kind of energy that comes
from human eye contact, from shared spontaneous laughter, from physical touch. True collaboration
requires all five senses. Distributed teams require managers, and thus can never be truly self-organizing.

Page 15

Time differences and delayed response times inevitably slow down conversation, hold up decisions and
ultimately cripple agility." — Tobias Mayer

Without a doubt, is it better to have collocated teams. However many companies are distributed
geographically for business reasons and software development projects will be executed by distributed
teams. There are ways to mitigate the problem. For example, collocate teams for the first release,
exchange team members on a regular basis, use web cams and interactive software for meetings. Web
based agile project management tool is one more way to reduce the negative effect of distributed
teams.

Task Board in TargetProcess

What is the downside of an online tool? Mostly reduced flexibility compared to cards. A physical
taskboard is a much more effective Information Radiator than a web page and cards are extremely
productive for the kind of group work that occurs in Scrum — brainstorming stories, sprint planning and
the retrospectives. A program structures information the way it was designed to. If your needs are
different or simply not envisioned by the tool, then you have to figure out a work around.

Pros Cons
• Works for distributed teams • Limited visibility
• Works for large teams • Sometimes hard to adopt for existing
• Real-time reporting development process
• Integrated solution, provide connectors to • Significant learning curve
source control, but tracking, etc. • Maybe quite expensive

Page 16

When is whiteboard better than everything else?
Let's try to compare the simplest tools with the web-based tools for the collocated team. Some areas
are definitely more important than others. Obviously, communication is more important than fancy plan
updating or automatic time tracking — therefore we'll use weights to assign relative values. There are
three weights (1-3) and four scores:

1 - Poor
2 - Average
3 - Goods
4 - Great

The formula is quite simple: Category score = Weight * Score.

Total score is just a sum of all categories' scores. In the end we expect to have some numbers that we
will use in our analysis.
Category Weight Simplest Tools Web-based Software Spreadsheets
Planning process 3 4 - Tangible and exciting 3 – simple, but less 2 - doable
exciting and visible
Plan visibility 2 2 – good for the team, poor 2– good for execs, poor 1 – poor for all
for execs for the team
Plan update 1 3 – re-stick some notes 4 – several clicks, from 4 – move some
anywhere rows or mark
them for release
Velocity tracking, Time 2 1 – manual, asking each 4 – automatic 2 – manual,
tracking person asking each
person
Burn Down Update and 1 1 – manual 4 – automatic 4 – automatic
other charts update
Communication 3 4 – just great 2 – exists 1 – no
Reporting 3 1 – poor reports since all data 4 – almost endless 3 - good
offline reporting capabilities reporting
capabilities
People involvement 3 4 – everyone involved 1 – may become a 1 – may become
problem a problem
Cost 2 4 – almost free 1 – may be quite 4 – almost free
expensive

Total: 57 52 43

We have 57 for tangible tools, 52 for web-based software tools and as little as 43 for spreadsheets. Are
you still using spreadsheets? Although the above scores are somewhat subjective, it is still clear there is
a better way than spreadsheets or other tools not designed for Agile.

Page 17

Tangible tools are more preferable for agile processes — use them Another important question
if you can! But remember, that it remains the case for collocated is how can we alleviate
teams only! It is impossible to use usual tangible tools for potential problems that
distributed teams. Distributed teams hardly can share whiteboards may arise with web-based
and task boards. They need more formal processes and more tools for project
formal tools. Agile offshore development management in agile
(http://www.martinfowler.com/articles/agileOffshore.html) is environment? Some
there and definitely is better than the traditional waterfall process. thoughts:
More and more distributed teams use agile development processes
Focus on communication
successfully and that is the fact of life. What should you use in this
and collaboration. Do not
case? Obviously, web based software is a great tool for sharing
think that email is OK and
knowledge, project state and other project information. It enough. It is just not true.
coordinates distributed teams nicely. Use Skype, use web cams,
whenever it is possible —
In fact, there are some guidelines that you may think about when travel and meet in person.
reviewing the comparison table. Try to break the borders in
all possible ways.
You should prefer White Boards, Cards and Markers if:
Plan iterations as usual —
• You are trying Extreme Programming or Scrum for the first using cards! Enter data into
time (that's important). the system at the
• Team is collocated. completion of the planning
• You tried simplest tools, achieved great results and don't game.
feel a need to change anything.
Integrate information
You should prefer a web-based software tool for project radiators with software. For
management in agile projects if: example, you may bind
Ambient Orb to project
status. It will be green if
• You have a distributed team (offshore development). everything is OK and red if
• You have a large collocated team (20+ people). iteration is in trouble. You
• Your executives need status reports and without them may print out iteration plan
would not accept the agile process ("OK, if I can see real- on A3 paper and stick it to
time project status somewhere, you may try the wall.
XP/Scrum/Lean").
• You tried simplest tools and for whatever reason they did not work in your environment. (In that
case, you should try to define exact reasons for the failure. Perhaps, there are communication
problems or something else that can be fixed).

Page 18

We may combine results in a small matrix.

No Status reporting required Status reporting important

Small Collocated Team Tangible tools Mix of tangible tools and web
based agile tools
Large Collocated Team Mix of tangible tools and web Web based agile tools
based agile tools
Distributed Team Web based agile tools Web based agile tools

Page 19

Conclusion and Predictions
“A trend that will continue to influence software tools is ever-tightening release cycles. Where releases
once took years, an increasing number of software products will release new functionality to production
monthly, week, daily, or even more frequently. […] The trend towards support more frequent transitions
between activities will continue. More activities will be supported without large changes of context.”

—Kent Beck

Agile project management tools have a short history. It is obvious that current tools are just a first try
and they will evolve in the future. Currently three main trends may be mentioned.

Tangible – intangible linkage

Obviously, teams like tangible tools and agile software tools will use something tangible to provide
better user experience. Large sensor displays like Microsoft surface
(http://www.microsoft.com/surface/index.html) will be used for iteration planning, daily meetings, and
other interactive meetings.

Complete integrated development life-cycle solutions

Agile project management software is evolving into complete life-cycle solutions. Development teams
need a platform that combines and exposes information about all aspects of software development,
from initial requirements to unit tests results and source code commits.

Distributed collaboration tools

More and more companies will have development teams worldwide working on the same projects.
Distributed teams are a reality in a software development world and this trend will be progressing over
time. Agile tools will focus on distributed teams support better, providing integration with
communication tools like Skype and WebEx.

Page 20

Author Biographies

Peter Stevens

My mission is to help you realize complex projects effectively. I provide coaching, training and project
management to help you get started with Scrum, save projects in crisis, and make your IT operations
leaner and more effective. I studied Computer Science at Colgate University and started my professional
life at Microsoft. I am a Certified Scrum Master.

Michael Dubakov

I am a founder of TargetProcess (“best agile project management software in the world”). My Mission is
to provide solutions to real problems in agile projects. I wrote several books about web development
and many articles related to almost all aspects of software development.

Page 21

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