Ai lecture 02 ai definition
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This document discusses formal definitions of artificial intelligence from various scholars and researchers. It provides definitions such as AI being the effort to make computers think like humans, the automation of human thinking processes, and the study of intelligent behavior. The document also contrasts AI with natural intelligence and conventional computing. It notes key differences in terms of permanence, cost, and how problems are solved. The document concludes by covering applications of AI such as computer vision, robotics, expert systems, natural language processing, and games.
![Formal Definitions of AI
• The effort to make computers think …
machines with minds, in the full and literal
sense”
(Haugeland, 1985)
• “[The automation of] activities that we
associate with human thinking such as
decision making, problem solving, learning …”
(Bellman, 1978)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ailecture-02aidefinition-170730074735/85/Ai-lecture-02-ai-definition-3-320.jpg)
Ai lecture 02 ai definition
- 2. FORMAL DEFINITIONS OF AI
- 3. Formal Definitions of AI • The effort to make computers think … machines with minds, in the full and literal sense” (Haugeland, 1985) • “[The automation of] activities that we associate with human thinking such as decision making, problem solving, learning …” (Bellman, 1978)
- 4. Formal Definitions of AI… • “The study of computation that make it possible to perceive (recognize), reason and act” (Winston 1992) • “The art of creating machines that perform functions that require intelligence when performed by people” (Kurzweil 1990)
- 5. Formal Definitions of AI… • “The study of how to make computers do things which, at the moment, people do better” (Rich and Knight, 1991) • “A field of study that seeks to explain and emulate(copy) intelligent behavior” (Schalkoff, 1990)
- 6. Formal Definitions of AI… • “The branch of computer science that is concerned with the automation of intelligent behavior” (Luger and Stubblefield, 1993) • Artificial intelligence (AI) is a subdivision of computer science devoted to creating computer software and hardware that imitate (copy) the human mind.
- 7. AI vs. Natural Intelligence • AI is permanent while natural intelligence is not permanent • AI is less expensive while natural intelligence is very expensive. • AI can be duplicated easily while transferring a knowledge from one human to another is very complicated and slow process.
- 8. Natural intelligence Vs AI… • Natural intelligence is creative while AI is feeded. • AI is the child of Natural intelligence.
- 9. How AI differs from Conventional Computing • We tell the computer how to solve the problem. • The computer is given data and a step by step program that specifies how the data is to be used to reach the answer. • In AI we tell the computer what the problem is but not how to solve it. • The computer is given knowledge about the problem subject area plus some interfacing capability.
- 10. How AI differs from Conventional Computing… • Conventional computer programs are based on algorithms, a clearly defined, step-by-step procedure for solving a problem. • We do not tell the computer specifically how to solve the problem. Instead, the computer and software determine the method of arriving at a solution.
- 11. Applications of AI • Computer Vision • Robotics • Expert system • Natural Language Processing • Games
- 12. Computer Vision • Computer Vision is a new area where people are trying to develop the sense of visionary perception into a machine. Computer vision applications help to establish tasks which previously required human vision capabilities e.g. recognizing human faces, understanding images and to interpret them, analyzing medical scan and innumerable amount of other tasks.
- 13. Robotics • Robotics again forms a branch linked with the applications of AI where people are trying to develop robots which can be rather called as humanoids. Organizations have developed robots that act as pets, visitor guides etc.
- 14. Expert System Expert systems are AI programs that act as intelligent advisors or consultants. An expert system is a highly specialized software that attempts to duplicate the function of an expert in some field of expertise. There are two major components of an expert system,
- 15. Conti… knowledge base and an inference system. An expert system contains the knowledge and experience of one or more experts in the knowledge base. As a result, almost anyone can solve problems and make decisions in a subject area nearly as well as an expert.
- 16. Natural Language Processing • A second widely used AI application is natural language processing. Natural language refers to our native language. Natural language processing programs use artificial intelligence techniques to permit a computer to understand and generate natural language. • Natural language processing tries to make machines speak and interact with humans just like humans do.
- 17. Games • A lot of computer based games like chess, use intelligent software to make the user feel as if the machine on which that game is running is intelligent.
- 18. End
Editor's Notes
- #4: Literal = exact