Air Traffic Control PPT
- 1. ATC – Air Traffic Control By : K.SASIDHAR
- 2. Contents Defining ATC Extended Services History Operations linked with ATC Radar Coverage Problems Call signs Indian ATC Services
- 3. What is Air Traffic Control..? Air traffic control (ATC) is a service provided by ground based Controllers who direct the Aircraft on the ground and through controlled Air Space and can provide advisory Services to aircraft in non-controlled Air Space. To prevent collisions ATC enforces Traffic Separation Rules, which Ensure each aircraft Maintains a Minimum amount of Empty space around it all times.
- 4. Extended Services In many Countries, ATC provides services to all private , military and commercial aircraft operating within it’s Air space. Many Aircrafts also have Collision avoidance systems , which provide additional safety by warning pilots when other aircrafts gets close. The Pilot in Command is the final Authority for the Safe operation of Aircraft and in an emergency he may Deviate from ATC instructions to maintain Safe operation of Aircraft.
- 5. History In 1921, Croydon Airport, London was the first airport in the world to introduce Air Traffic Control. The first ATC tower regulating all activities of aircraft at a specific airport , opened in Cleveland in 1930 Approach/departure control facilities were created after adoption of RADAR in the 1950s to monitor and control the busy airspace around larger airports.
- 6. Operations Linked with ATC Airport Control Ground Control Local Control / Air Control Approach and Terminal Control
- 7. Airport Control Air Traffic Controllers are responsible for the separation and efficient movement of aircraft , and also vehicles operating on the taxiways and runways of the airport itself, and aircraft in the air near the airport, generally 5 to 10 nautical miles (9 to 18 km) depending on the airport procedures. Controllers may use a radar system called Secondary surveillance RADAR for airborne traffic approaching and departing.
- 8. Run Way Taxi Way
- 9. Ground Control Ground control (sometimes known as ground movement control) is responsible for the airport "movement" areas, as well as areas not released to the airlines or other users. This generally includes all taxiways, inactive runways, Holding Areas, and some transitional aprons or intersections where aircraft arrive, having vacated the runway or departure gate.
- 10. Holding Areas
- 11. Local control / Air control.. If local control detects any unsafe condition, a landing aircraft may be told to “Go-Around" and be re-sequenced into the landing pattern by the approach or terminal area controller. Ground control must request and gain approval from local control to cross any active runway with any aircraft or vehicle.
- 12. Approach & Terminal Control Terminal controllers are responsible for providing all ATC services within their airspace Traffic flow is broadly divided into departures, arrivals, and Over -flights Terminal control is responsible for ensuring that aircraft are at an appropriate altitude when they are handed off, and that aircraft arrive at a suitable rate for landing.
- 14. RADAR coverage Long Range Radars are used and are Capable Enough at higher altitudes, to see aircraft within 200 nautical miles (370 km) of the radar antenna. A Radar Archive System (RAS) keeps an electronic record of all radar information, preserving it for a few weeks. When an aircraft has 'disappeared' from radar screens, a controller can review the last radar returns from the aircraft to determine its likely position.
- 15. Airport view from ATC
- 16. Problems Faced by ATC Two Major Problems : Traffic Weather
- 17. Aircraft Traffic & Weather Traffic at Airport Weather Conditions Arrivals of Flights Departures Hopping Aircrafts Layovers Availability of Aero Bridges Vacant Runways Heavy Rains Low visibility of Runway and aircraft Thunderstorms Turbulence Crosswinds at Airport Heavy Snow Fall
- 18. Waiting For Clearance :
- 19. Early Morning Traffic at Chatrapati Shivaji International Airport , Mumbai
- 20. Mumbai Airport
- 21. Bad weather Conditions Landing in Heavy Rain Low Visibility of Light
- 22. Heavy Snow Fall
- 23. Cross Winds affecting Take off and landing
- 24. Call Signs In order to ensure safe Air Traffic separation Call signs are Used by Air Traffic Controllers These are permanently allocated by ICAO on request usually to Scheduled Flights and some air forces for Military Flights. They are written Call signs with 3-letter combination like KLM, LH, SG followed by the flight number, like AI 952 , SG 421 , 6E 879
- 25. These also use NATO Phonetic Alphabet in order to avoid the Confusion with Letters and Flight Numbers (i.e., ABC spoken Alpha-Bravo-Charlie ) Ex : for C-GABC or the last 3 numbers like 345 spoken as TREE-FORE-FIFE for N12345 For Example DLH23LG, spoken as Lufthansa -two- three-lima-golf.
- 26. Air Navigation Service Providers (ANSPs) & Air Traffic Service Providers ( ATSPs ) INDIA – Airports Authority of India (AAI) (under Ministry of Civil Aviation Malaysia – Department of Civil Aviation Malaysia (DCA) Singapore – Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore (CAAS) United Arab Emirates – General Civil Aviation Authority (GCAA) United States– Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
- 27. ATC India Awards At the ATC Global Awards 2013, the Airports Authority of India received 2 awards For Excellence in ANSP Management (outside Europe and North America) Strategic Advancement in Air Transport through AAI’s collaborative environment project.
- 28. AAI’s significant lead resulted in carbon savings to the tune of 6,885 tons till February 28, 2013 leading to the much-needed environmental protection has attracted world-wide acclaim. Airports Authority of India Won "3rd Asia's Best CSR Practice Award", 2013 for Developing Sustainable Strategies