Alfred adler report q
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Alfred Adler was an Austrian medical doctor and psychotherapist who founded the school of individual psychology. Some key aspects of Adler's theory included his emphasis on social motives and feelings of inferiority driving people's behaviors, the importance of birth order and family dynamics in personality development, and his view that people's fictional future goals or "life style" guide their actions. Adler broke from Freud's psychoanalytic school by focusing more on conscious motivations and social interests rather than unconscious drives and sexuality. He saw dreams and early memories as ways to understand people's approaches to solving life problems.
Alfred adler report q
- 2. Alfred Adler – February 7, 1870 Vienna, Austria 2nd born of six Middle-class Jewish family Developed rickets, which kept him from walking until he was four years old Nearly died of pneumonia at four Known for his efforts at outdoing his older brother Received a medical degree in 1895 Co-founder of the psychoanalytic movement as a core member of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society Founder of the school of Individual Psychology Was the first major figure to break away from psychoanalysis to form an independent school of psychotherapy and personality theory Married in 1897 Eventually had four children Only son became a psychiatrist and continued Adler’s work Died in 1937 of Heart Attack
- 3. ForAdler. Being unconscious is only a temporary unawareness. Healso argued that the people can createtheir ownpersonalities and lifestyle to achievetheir highest goals. According to Adler, humans aremotivated primarily by social relatedness rather social relatedness rather than by sexual urges.
- 5. People are more vulnerable to disease in organs thatare less developed or “inferior” to other organs. These inferior organs develop biological deficiencies because of stress from the environment. These inhibit the person from functioning normally.
- 6. All children start life with feelings of inferiority because they are completely dependent onadults forsurvival. This feeling of being weak, inferior, and impotent stimulates an intense desire to seek power, thereby overcomingthe feelings inferiority.
- 7. A fundamentalfact of life, aninnateneed from thetime of birth. It is master motive that leads people to pursue a superior or perfect society.
- 8. Which an individual attempts to gain superiority. Determines which aspects of life are focused on andhow these give a person individual identity Determines what is perceivedand ignored. Specifies a person’s future goals and how they are to beattained. Unhealthy lifestyle is based on selfishness and is contrary to the views of society.
- 9. Fictional future goal which a person aspires for. Adler called this a “Guiding self ideal”. This gaveAdler’s theory a strong teleological component, although it did not ignore the past altogether.
- 10. The innate need of allhuman beings to live in harmony and friendship with others and to aspire for the development of the perfect society.
- 11. Socialinterestcanbedevelopedthroughtasks: 1. Occupationaltasksor constructivework canbea meansfora persontohepadvancesociety. 2. Societaltasksrequirecooperationwithfellowhumans. 3. Loveandmarriage taskshelptoperpetuatesociety.
- 12. Adlerdidnotproposestagesofdevelopment;insteademphasizedthe importanceoffamilyatmosphereandthefamilyconstellation. Thelatterrefers toone’spositionwithinthefamilyinterms ofbirthorder: Oldestchild Middle child Youngest child
- 15. Adler referredto birth order,first memories,and dreamanalysis as the three “entrancegates”to mental life. He studied them extensively to discernthe origins of lifestyle and an individual’s approach to problemsolving.
- 16. . Birth Order1 Thefirst bornchildrenwho later have youngersiblings may haveit the most. When the next child is born, suddenly, they areno longer the centerof attention and fall into the shadows wondering whyeverything changed. Theyoften havethe greatest numberof problems as theyget older. Themiddleborn/thesecond bornchildrenmay haveit the easiest. Theyare also more fortunate compared to their older siblings. Thesechildren arenot pampered as their older sibling was, but arestill afforded the attention. Theyhavea highneed for superiority and are often able to seek it out throughhealthy competition.
- 17. Theyoungestchildren. Likethe first born may bemore likely to experience personality problems later inlife. Hegets pampered and protected more than his siblings. That’s whyhe/she is usually spoiled and very dependent. Sometimes he felt that he will always beinferior to others. The only child is never dethroned byanother sibling, but experiences shock upon learning that he or she cannot remain the center of attention. He or she is often very sweet and affectionate. An only child is not considered dangerous.
- 18. Is a research technique of asking a personto describe his or her earliest recollections. These recollections are evidence of the origins of one’s lifestyle.
- 19. Dream Analysis -is a method whereina person’s dreams areused to provide a way of dealing with the person’s life problems. By analyzinghow problems areconfronted and futureevents planned through their dreams, a great deal could be learnedabout a person’s lifestyle.
- 21. Strengths 1. Adler’s greatest contribution psychology is his study of birth orderand personality. Adler’s theory culminated in his insistence in understanding an individual through his or herattitude towards the world. 2. Adler considered his theory of the creative self as the climax of his studies. 3. Adler said that many of ourguiding goals are fictional. However, his use of the word “fiction” did notnecessarily mean ‘not true’.
- 22. Fictional Finalists Cannot be treated as realitybecause these are not specifichypotheses that can be put to a crucial experiment. They are constructs or inventionsof human psyche that arise as it encounters the world.
- 23. WEAKNESSES: 1.Adler viewed behavior as primarygoal directed and consciously chosen ratherthanpredetermined bythe unconscious mind or biological drive. 2.He took it for granted that everyoneexperiencessome feelings of inferiority. 3. The drive for aggression which he later substituted for striving for superiority was innately biological as that of sexual urge.
- 24. SUMMARY From thebeginning, Adler’s theoryof personality was open to growth and evolution. His theorybecame more comprehensiveand conclusiveas his work matured,without contradicting his earlier ideas. Adler chosethe term individual psychology for his conception of personality. Nevertheless, he realizes early inhis theorizingthat the individual could not be considered in isolation orapart from theircontext. His emphasis shifted from the intrapsychic (within the psyche)which is basically Freudian, to the interpsychic (interpersonal relations).
- 25. Summary of Differences Between Adler and Freud Freud: -Emphasized theunconscious mind -Futuregoals are unimportant -Biological motives are primary -Pessimistic about humanexistence -Dreams areused to detect contents of the unconscious mind. -Personality is completely determinedby heredity and environmentalfactors -Emphasized importance of sex Goal of therapyis to discover repressed early memories. Adler: -Emphasized conscious mind. -Futuregoals are important source of motivation -Social motives are primary -Optimistic about humanexistence Dreams are tools in solving problems. -Personality is determinedpartly bythe individual themselves. -Minimizethe importance of sex. -Goal of therapyis to encourage a lifestyle that incorporates social interests.
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