Horney's theory
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Karen Horney was a German psychoanalyst who developed theories about how social and cultural conditions, especially childhood experiences, shape personality. She believed that people whose needs for love and affection are not satisfied in childhood develop basic anxiety and hostility towards their parents. Horney identified three neurotic strategies people use to cope: moving towards people, moving against people, and moving away from people. She argued that normal individuals flexibly use all three strategies, while neurotics rigidly adhere to just one.
Horney's theory
- 1. PSY103 – Theories of Personality
- 2. Born on September 16, 1885, Germany Youngest, only daughter, of a Ship Captain and his second wife. Victorian upbringing - religion Romantic tendencies towards an older brother. Became a teacher for 3 years to save for medical school. Triggered by misogynist articles
- 3. Married a successful lawyer, Oskar Horney. Produced 3 daughters. Death of family members 1913 – Interest in Psychoanalysis Visits to Karl Abraham, disciple of Freud 1926 – divorce from Husband, transfer to the US. 1952 – Died in her sleep
- 4. Social and cultural conditions, especially childhood experiences, are largely responsible for shaping personality.
- 5. People whose need for love and affection satisfied develop basic hostility towards their parents and eventually, basic anxiety.
- 6. Moving Toward People Moving Against People Moving Away from People Normal individuals do this but neurotics tend to rigidly on one.
- 7. 1. Emphasis on culture in shaping personality. 2. Importance of Childhood experiences. 3. Neuroses is a result of man’s attempts to find the paths through a wilderness of unknown dangers.
- 8. When safety and satisfaction is not felt by the child. Refusal of parents to love their children. Interwoven with Basic Hostility
- 9. Affection Purchasing love Submissiveness compliance Power Prestige, possession Withdrawal Emotional detachment
- 10. 1. Need for affection and approval
- 11. 2. Need for a powerful partner
- 12. 3. Need to restrict one’s life within narrow borders.
- 13. 5. NEED TO EXPLOIT 4. NEED FOR POWER OTHERS
- 14. 6. NEED FOR PRESTIGE 7. NEED FOR ADMIRATION
- 15. 8. NEED FOR AMBITION 9. NEED FOR INDEPENDENCE 9. NEED FOR PERFECTION
- 16. NORMAL DEFENSES NEUROTIC DEFENSES Spontaneous Movement Compulsive Movement Toward People Toward People ▪ Friendly & loving ▪ compliant Against People Against People ▪ Survivor in a ▪ aggressive competitive society Away from People Away from People ▪ detached ▪ Autonomous, serene
- 17. Idealized Self- Image Self- Hatred
- 18. Search for Glory Neurotic Claims Neurotic Pride
- 19. Relentless demands on one self Merciless self- accusation Self- contempt Self- frustration Self- torment Self- destruction
- 20. Cultural and social expectations Women envy Masculine Protest (Adler)
- 21. Free Association Dream Analysis Goal: facilitate behavior towards self- realization.