All answers must be in your own wordsProvide a good, understandabl.pdf
- 1. All answers must be in your own words Provide a good, understandable definition of the following 40, using your own words (do not simply copy words from the book). Retaliation Blood feud Vendetta Civil death Inquisition Corporal punishment Brank Criminology Mamertine Prison Sanctuary Bridewell Jail fever Age of Enlightenment Classical School of Criminology Workhouse Gaols Banishment Transportation Hulks Penitentiary Pennsylvania System Outside cell Inside cell Eastern Penitentiary Auburn System Cell block Congregate system System of silence Lockstep formation Prison stripes Treadmill Solitary confinement Indeterminate sentence Irish system Reformatory Industrial prison Alcatraz Lock psychosis Convict bogey Ombudsman Ticket of Leave Solution Retaliation – In the event of attack by the enemy, do the fierce counter attack from our side. Blood feud – It is lengthy fighting in the families going on for the generations. It involves killing of various members of the families. Vendetta – Person whose relative has been killed seeks revenge from the murderer. Civil death – It is the loss of the civil rights which is the result of act of government in the some of conviction of civil people. Inquisition – Out of curiosity asking many question on the related topic. Corporal punishment – It is the type of punishment which involves physical pain. It involves mutilation, flogging branding etc. Brank – It is the birdcage- like instrument put on prisonr’s head with sharp plates that would cut tongues and mouths once involved in the gossips Criminology – This is the branch of science which involves study of
- 2. crime and criminals. Mamertine Prison – In the early age in the Rome confinement are under the main sewers where survival is very difficult even for few days.. Sanctuary – It means taking shelter or refuge from the danger or pursuit. Bridewell – It is called for city jail or reform center or jail for pity offender. Jail fever – It is the former name to the typhus. It is commonly occurred in the jail so got he name from its origin. Age of Enlightenment – European politics, philosophy, science and communications were radically reoriented during beginning of the 18th century and then throughout of the 18th century. This period is known as Age of Enlightenment. Classical School of Criminology – It is the body of thought which understands the nature of crime and suggests the best form of punishment to the crime. Looking at the severity of the punishment in the early 18th century philosopher come up with this type of thoughts. Workhouse – It is the place where unemployed people who can not support themselves were given shelter and employment. Gaols – It the synonym to the jail. It is the place of confinement to the criminals. Banishment – As an act of punishment offender are sent away from the designated place or country known as banishment. Transportation – It is the act of movement of goods or people from one place to another place. Hulks – It is an old ship which is stripped of any fittings and now used for the storage. This is synonymous to the ruin or shipwreck. Penitentiary – This is the prison for the people who has convicted of serious crime. Pennsylvania System – It is the form of prison system wherein prisoners are kept secluded from each other so as they can reflect on their own behavior and speed up reform. Outside cell – It is the prison’s back of the cell extending outward toward a peripheral wall Inside Cell – Prison cell which does not touch any peripheral wall. Eastern Penitentiary – It is the form of reform rather than punishment. Cell structure is designed to help self-realization and to avoid corporal punishment to the prisoners Auburn System – It is the punishment method to the prisoners in which prisoners were kept working with the group during day time and kept in solitary confinement with full silence during night time. Cell block – It is the large single building subdivided into the various rooms known as prison cells. Congregate system – This is same as auburn system. Prisoners were kept engaged during day time with other prisoners under the rule of silence and then separated during night time. System of silence – During auburn system prisoners were kept silence which is known as system of silence. Lockstep formation – It is the form of marching in a single file. In this method people will have same position of legs during marching with one another which will resonate as locking with each other during marching. Prison stripes – Prisoners were wearing uniform with white and black stripes on it. These stripes symbolize the person behind the bars. Treadmill – It is the machine which is being turned by the weight of the animal or person. IT is also known as the job of the person which is tiring or boring and hard to escape from it. Solitary confinement – It is the isolation of prisoner in the separate cell from other prisoners. It is the form of punishment which emphasize on the self-realization. Indeterminate sentence – It is the prison period which doesn’t
- 3. specify the exact period but only the range of period. Let’s say prison period is 10 to 15 years. Irish system – It is the prison management system developed in the Ireland. it emphasized training and performance as the instruments of reform and release of prisoners. it emphasized training and performance as the instruments of reform, then prisoners were awarded credits for his good behavior. And finally, prisoner demonstrates his employability to the outside world with minimal supervision. Reformatory – It is the institution alternate to the prison wherein young offenders are sent for the reform. Industrial prison – Prison industry is a massive multi- billion-dollar industry that promotes the exponential expansion of prisons, jails, immigrant detention centers, and juvenile detention centers. It serves the interest of the private and governments. It aims at increasing profits rather than improvement in the society related crime mindset. Alcatraz - it was the site of a top-security federal prison between 1934 and 1963 on a rocky island in San Francisco Bay, California. Lock psychosis – It is the extensive use of locks, headcounts, and internal controls of prisoners out of the fear of prisoners. Convict bogey – It is the irrational fear of prison inmates which leads to the mid-set of them managed through head counts, locking, and recounting. Ombudsman – It is the official appointment of the individual’s complaints against organization or especially public authority. Ticket of Leave – Warden granting leave to the prisoner who has completed certain period, but it does not mean he is on the parole.