All-Optical OFDM Generation for IEEE802.11a Based on Soliton Carriers Using Microring Resonators

All-Optical OFDM Generation for
IEEE802.11a Based on Soliton Carriers
Using Microring Resonators
Volume 6, Number 1, February 2014
S. E. Alavi
I. S. Amiri
S. M. Idrus
A. S. M. Supa’at
J. Ali
P. P. Yupapin
DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2014.2302791
1943-0655 Ó 2014 IEEE

All-Optical OFDM Generation for
IEEE802.11a Based on Soliton Carriers
Using Microring Resonators
S. E. Alavi,1
I. S. Amiri,2
S. M. Idrus,1
A. S. M. Supa’at,1
J. Ali,2
and
P. P. Yupapin3
1
Lightwave Communication Research Group, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi
Malaysia (UTM), 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
2
Institute of Advanced Photonics Science, Nanotechnology Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi
Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia
3
Advanced Research Center for Photonics, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science,
King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2014.2302791
1943-0655 Ó 2014 IEEE. Translations and content mining are permitted for academic research only.
Personal use is also permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission.
See http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/index.html for more information.
Manuscript received January 5, 2014; revised January 22, 2014; accepted January 22, 2014. Date of
publication January 27, 2014; date of current version February 5, 2014. This work was supported by the
Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Malaysia, through eScience funding under Project 06-
01-06-SF1148. Corresponding author: S. M. Idrus (e-mail: sevia@fke.utm.my).
Abstract: The optical carrier generation is the basic building block to implement all-optical
orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission. One method to optically
generate single and multicarriers is to use the microring resonator (MRR). The MRRs can be
used as filter devices, where generation of high-frequency (GHz) soliton signals as single
and multicarriers can be performed using suitable system parameters. Here, the optical
soliton in a nonlinear fiber MRR system is analyzed, using a modified add/drop system
known as a Panda ring resonator connected to an add/drop system. In order to set up a
transmission system, i.e., IEEE802.11a, first, 64 uniform optical carriers were generated and
separated by a splitter and modulated; afterward, the spectra of the modulated optical
subcarriers are overlapped, which results one optical OFDM channel band. The quadrature
amplitude modulation (QAM) and 16-QAM are used for modulating the subcarriers. The
generated OFDM signal is multiplexed with a single-carrier soliton and transmitted through
the single-mode fiber (SMF). After photodetection, the radio frequency (RF) signal was
propagated. On the receiver side, the RF signal was optically modulated and processed.
The results show the generation of 64 multicarriers evenly spaced in the range from 54.09 to
55.01 GHz, where demodulation of these signals is performed, and the performance of the
system is analyzed.
Index Terms: Panda ring resonator, soliton carriers, IEEE802.11a, OFDM.
1. Introduction
In this new era of wireless and wired communication systems, orthogonal frequency-division
multiplexing (OFDM) [1]–[3] has gained considerable attention to be used as a modulation
technology, and it is recognized as a main building block of communications standards such as
IEEE 802.11a/g. In OFDM, data are transmitted through many subcarriers, which are orthogonal
to each other. Channel equalization is provided in the frequency-domain with a relatively simple
solution than conventional time-domain equalization [4]. Besides high spectral efficiency, OFDM has
high tolerance to multi-path interference, channel dispersion, and frequency-selective fading.
Vol. 6, No. 1, February 2014 7900109
IEEE Photonics Journal All-Optical OFDM Generation Using Soliton

Moreover, because of the dynamic bandwidth allocation and adaptive bit rate functionalities, the
OFDM system has a prominent flexibility [5]. During the last decade, network traffic has increased
drastically [6]. To satisfy the demand for new large bandwidth applications, many different methods
have been proposed to improve the capacity and efficiency based on the optical transmission of
signals. OFDM is also used in optical communication, and it has the superior robustness to fiber
chromatic dispersion and polarization mode dispersion (PMD) [7], [8].
An OFDM system includes a inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) block at the transmitter and a fast
Fourier transform (FFT) block at the receiver. These blocks are usually implemented in the electrical
domain enabled by high-speed digital-signal-processing (DSP) devices, but these devices are
challenging both commercially and technically. In this regard, all-optical techniques are becoming of
interest and are being investigated to reduce the challenges of the electrical domain. These
techniques are based on the optically generated and processed OFDM signals using passive optical
devices [9], [10]. Transmission of all-optical OFDM is implemented first by generating the multiple
optical subcarriers, then separating by optical devices, and finally modulating each subcarrier
independently [11], [12]. Therefore, an optical carrier generation is the basic building block to
implement the OFDM transmission fully in the optical domain.
One method to generate the multi-carriers optically is to use a microring resonator (MRR) [13],
[14]. Nonlinear light behavior inside an MRR occurs when a strong pulse of light is inputted into the
ring system [15]–[17]. The properties of a ring system can be modified via various control methods
[16]. MRRs can be used as filter devices where generation of high frequency (GHz) soliton signals
can be performed using suitable system parameters [18]. The modified add/drop system known as
a Panda ring resonator system consists of a centered ring resonator connected to two smaller
MRRs on the right and left sides and is used in many applications in optical communication and
signal processing [19]–[21]. This system can be used to generate optical soliton pulses of GHz
frequency, thus providing required signals used in a wired/wireless optical communication, such as
all optical OFDM, to be applied for IEEE standards, i.e., 802.11a.
In this study, a Panda ring resonator connected to an add/drop system is used to generate
non-uniform carrier signals. The uniform shape of these signals can be obtained using the gain
flattening filter (GFF) system [22], [23]. The uniform carrier signals are then applied to implement the
optical OFDM suitable for the IEEE802.11a standard communication systems. The experimental
results show that MRR systems support both the single- and multicarrier optical soliton pulses that are
used in an OFDM transmitter/receiver system. Here, the optical soliton in a nonlinear fiber MRR
system is analyzed, in order to generate a high frequency band of pulses as single and multi-carriers.
The multi-carriers are separated by a splitter and then modulated. The spectra of the modulated
optical subcarriers obtained are overlapped, resulting in one optical OFDM channel band. The
generated OFDM signal is multiplexed with a single carrier soliton and transmitted through the single
mode fiber (SMF). After being beaten to the photodiode, an IEEE802.11a signal is propagated
wirelessly in the transmitter antenna base station and received by the second antenna. The bit error
rate (BER) and overall system performance are discussed.
2. Theoretical Background
The system of GHz frequency band generation is shown in Fig. 1. Here, a Panda ring resonator is
used. The filtering process of the input soliton pulses is performed via the system. The frequency
band ranges from 46 to 58 GHz can be obtained.
The two MRRs embedded in the Panda ring resonator have Kerr effect-type nonlinearity. The
Kerr effect causes the refractive index ðnÞ of the medium to vary and is given by
n ¼ n0 þ n2I ¼ n0 þ
n2
Aeff
P (1)
where n0 and n2 are the linear and nonlinear refractive indexes, respectively [24]. Here, I and P
are the optical intensity and the power, respectively [25]. The effective mode core area given by
Vol. 6, No. 1, February 2014 7900109

Aeff ranges from 0.10 to 0.25 m2
, in terms of practical material parameters (InGaAsP/InP) [26].
A bright soliton with a central frequency of 51 GHz and power of 1 W is introduced into the
Panda ring resonator, which is expressed by Ei . The input optical field of the bright soliton is
given by [27]
Ei ¼ Asech
T
T0
!
exp
z
2LD

À i!0t
!
(2)
where A and z are the amplitude of optical field and the propagation distance, respectively [28];
LD is the dispersion length of the soliton pulse; and the carrier frequency of the signal is !0 [29].
The soliton pulse keeps its temporal width invariance while it propagates. A balance should be
achieved between the dispersion length ðLDÞ and the nonlinear length ðLNL ¼ 1=ÀNLÞ [30], [31].
Here, À ¼ n2 Â k0 is the length scale over which dispersion or nonlinear effects make the beam
become wider or narrower. Hence, LD ¼ LNL [32]. After the bright soliton is fed into the Panda
ring resonator, it round-trips within the two MRRs embedded in the system; therefore, with
respect to the Kerr effect nonlinear condition of the rings, the resonant outputs are formed.
Thus, the normalized output of the light field is defined as the ratio between the output and
input fields [EoutðtÞ and EinðtÞ] in each round-trip. This is given for the left and right MRRs as
follows:
EoutðtÞ
EinðtÞ

2
¼ ð1 À
2Þ 1 À
1 À ð1 À
2Þx2
2
À Á
2
ð1 À x2
ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
1 À
2
p ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
1 À 2
p
Þ2
þ 4x2
1 À
2
1 À 2
p
sin2 2
2
À Á
#
(3)
EoutðtÞ
EinðtÞ

2
¼ ð1 À
4Þ 1 À
1 À ð1 À
4Þx2
4
À Á
4
ð1 À x4
1 À
4
1 À 4
p
Þ2
þ 4x4
1 À
4
1 À 4
p
sin2 4
2
À Á
#
: (4)
This equation indicates that an MRR, in this particular case, is very similar to a Fabry–Perot cavity,
which has an input and an output mirror with a field reflectivity, ð1 À Þ, and a fully reflecting mirror.
is the coupling coefficient,
is the fractional coupler intensity loss, x ¼ expðÀL=2Þ represents a
round-trip loss coefficient, ¼ 0 þ NL, 0 ¼ kLn0 and NL ¼ kLn2jEinj2
are the linear and
nonlinear phase shifts, and k ¼ 2= is the wave propagation number in a vacuum. L and are the
waveguide length and linear absorption coefficient, respectively. In this work, the iterative method is
introduced to obtain the resonant results and, similarly, when the output field is connected and input
Fig. 1. Optical frequency band generation system using a Panda ring resonator connected to an add/
drop system.
Vol. 6, No. 1, February 2014 7900109

into the other MRRs [33], [34]. In the case of the add/drop system, the nonlinear refractive index is
neglected [35]–[37]. The obtained signals are given as follows [38]:
E1 ¼
1 À
1
p
ð
1 À 1
p
E4 þ j
ffiffiffiffiffi
1
p
Ei Þ (5)
E2 ¼ ELE1eÀ
2
L
2Àjkn
L
2 (6)
E3 ¼
1 À
3
p
Â
1 À 3
p
E2 (7)
E4 ¼ Er E3eÀ
2
L
2Àjkn
L
2 (8)
where L ¼ 2RPanda, and RPanda is the radius of the Panda ring resonator. The EL and Er are given
by [39]
EL ¼ E1
ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
ð1 À
2Þð1 À 2Þ
p
À ð1 À
2ÞeÀ
2LLÀjknLL
1 À
1 À
2
1 À 2
p
eÀ
2LLÀjknLL
(9)
Er ¼ E3
ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
ð1 À
4Þð1 À 4Þ
p
À ð1 À
4ÞeÀ
2LR ÀjknLR
1 À
1 À
4
1 À 4
p
eÀ
2LR ÀjknLR
(10)
where LR ¼ 2Rr , Rr ¼ 8 m, LL ¼ 2Rl , Rl ¼ 18 m. Therefore, the output signals from the through
and drop ports of the Panda ring resonator can be expressed as [40], [41]
Et1 ¼
1 À
1
p
½
1 À 1
p
Ei þ j
ffiffiffiffiffi
1
p
E4Š (11)
Et2 ¼
1 À
3
p
Â j
ffiffiffiffiffi
3
p
E2: (12)
In order to generate multi-carriers, the output from the Panda ring resonator is fed into the add/drop
system shown in Fig. 1. Therefore, to retrieve the signals from the chaotic signals, we propose to use
the add/drop system with the appropriate parameters. The transmitted output can be controlled and
obtained by choosing suitable key parameters such as the coupling ratio of the system [42]. The two
output electric fields of the add/drop system can be expressed by Eth and Edrop [43], as follows:
Eth
Et2
¼
À5
1 À 6
p
e
À
2 LadÀjknLad
þ
1 À 5
p
À ð1 À 5Þ
1 À 6
p
e
À
2 LadÀjknLad
1 À
1 À 5
1 À 6
p
e
À
2 LadÀjknLad
¼
À
1 À 6
p
e
À
2 LadÀjknLad
þ
1 À 5
p
1 À
1 À 5
1 À 6
p
e
À
2 LadÀjknLad
(13)
Edrop
Et2
¼
j
ffiffiffiffiffi
5
p
1 À
1 À 5
1 À 6
p
e
À
2 LadÀjknLad
e
À
4 LadÀjkn
Lad
2 j
ffiffiffiffiffi
6
p
¼
À
5 Á 6
p
e
À
4 LadÀjkn
Lad
2
1 À
1 À 5
1 À 6
p
e
À
2 LadÀjknLad
: (14)
The normalized intensity powers of the through and drop ports are then obtained as follows [44]:
Eth
Et2

2
¼
1 À 5 À 2
1 À 5
1 À 6
p
e
À
2 Lad
cosðknLadÞ þ ð1 À 6ÞeÀLad
1 þ ð1 À 5Þð1 À 6ÞeÀLad À 2
1 À 5
1 À 6
p
e
À
2 Lad cosðknLadÞ
(15)
Edrop
Et2

2
¼
5 Á 6e
À
2 Lad
1 þ ð1 À 5Þð1 À 6ÞeÀLad À 2
1 À 5
1 À 6
p
e
À
2 Lad cosðknLadÞ
: (16)
Here, Lad is the add/drop system length, where Lad ¼ 2Rad, and 5 and 6 are the coupling
coefficients.
Vol. 6, No. 1, February 2014 7900109

3. Experimental Results and Discussion
The fixed and variable parameters of the system are listed in Table 1.
The results of the chaotic signal generation are shown in Fig. 2. The input pulse of a bright soliton
with a power of 1 W is fed into the system. This pulse has a bandwidth of 30 GHz and central frequency
of 51 GHz shown in Fig. 2(a). Large bandwidth within the system can be generated by using a soliton
pulse input into the nonlinear MRRs. The signal is chopped into smaller signals spreading over the
spectrum. The soliton signals inside the Panda ring resonator are shown in Fig. 2. Here, the results
shown in Fig. 2(b)–(e) are obtained using the square form of the equations (5)–(8), respectively. The
filtering and trapping processes occur during propagation of the input soliton pulse inside the two
MRRs. Fig. 2(b) and (c) shows the generated signals on the left side of the Panda ring resonator, and
Fig. 2(d) and (e) shows the intensities on the right side.
The output signals from the throughput and drop ports of the Panda ring resonator can be seen in
Fig. 3(a) and (b). These results are obtained using the square form of the Equations (11) and (12)
respectively. Here, the single and multi-solitons frequency ranges from 46 to 58 GHz are generated in
wireless local area networks (WLANs) usage. The throughput output ðEt1Þ shows the localized ultra-
short soliton pulses with FWHM of 5 MHz and FSR of 5.2 GHz. The soliton pulses at the frequencies of
49.8 and 55 GHz are generated. The drop port output intensity expressed by jEt2j2
is shown in
Fig. 3(b). Here, the multi-solitons with FWHM of 20 MHz and FSR of 4 GHz are generated,
respectively and fed into the add/drop system. Fig. 3(c) shows the generated multi-carriers from the
throughput port of the add/drop system, in which equation (15) is used to obtain this result. The
Fig. 3(d) shows the uniform carrier signals using the GFF system.
By using the appropriate parameters, as presented in Table 1, relating to the practical device, such
as MRR radii, coupling coefficients, linear and nonlinear refractive indexes, the multi-carriers from the
add/drop system can be obtained non-uniformly and finally converted to uniform carrier signals using
the GFF system.
Fig. 2. (a) Input bright soliton, intensities within the system. (b) jE1j2
ðW=m2
Þ. (c) jE2j2
ðW=m2
Þ.
(d) jE3j2
ðW=m2
Þ. (e) jE4j2
ðW=m2
Þ.
TABLE 1
Fixed and variable parameters of the MRR system
Vol. 6, No. 1, February 2014 7900109

Assuming OFDM signaling, the transmitted signal to optical channel is as follows:
sðtÞ ¼
XMÀ1
m¼0
X1
i¼À1
dmðiÞexp j2fmðt À iTsÞð Þpðt À iTsÞ (17)
where dmðiÞ ¼ amðiÞ þ jbmðiÞ is the symbol of the mth sub-channel at time interval ½iTs; ði þ 1ÞTsŠ, i.e.,
for QAM modulation, it is Æ1 Æ j. pðtÞ is the response of the transmitter filter, which is a rectangular
pulse with duration Ts and amplitude 1. Hence
pðtÞ ¼
1; ÀTg t T
0; otherwise.

(18)
Tg is the guard interval of the OFDM signal, Ts is the time difference between the symbol duration,
and the guard interval Tg is the effective symbol duration time T ¼ Ts À Tg. The frequency of the mth
subcarrier should satisfy the orthogonality condition. Hence
fm ¼ f0 þ
m
T
; m ¼ 0; 1; 2; . . . ; M À 1: (19)
As for IEEE802.11a, the occupied bandwidth of the channel is 20 MHz. The numbers of the
subcarriers are 64, in which 52 of them are modulated. To avoid intersymbol interference (ISI) and
intercarrier interference (ICI), Tg ¼ 0:8 ms was used. Then, the OFDM symbol interval TS ¼ 3:2 s,
and the subcarrier spacing is SCSpacing ¼ ð1=TsÞ ¼ ð1=3:2 sÞ ¼ 312:5 kHz.
Therefore, the system is designed with N ¼ 64 subcarriers. In this system, in order to modulate
the subcarriers, QAM and 16-QAM are considered. The schematic of the system setup is shown in
Fig. 4. At the transmitter central office (TCO), a Panda ring resonator is connected to an add/drop
system, in order to generate 64 multi-carriers evenly spaced in the range of 54.09 to 55.01 GHz, as
shown in Fig. 3(d). A single carrier signal is also generated and located at 49.8 GHz, which is
illustrated in Fig. 3(a). The distance between the single subcarrier and the center of the multi-
carriers is 5.2 GHz, which is the radio frequency (RF) band for IEEE802.11a standard. Multi-carriers
are separated by a splitter and are modulated with the data. In order to imitate the IFFT block at the
transmitter and FFT at the receiver, an array waveguide grating (AWG) is used. The spectra of the
modulated optical subcarriers are overlapped, resulting in one optical OFDM channel band shown
in Fig. 5(a).
The generated OFDM signal is multiplexed with a single carrier, and after amplification by an
erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA), the multiplexed signal is transmitted through the SMF. The
fiber optic has a length of 25 km, an attenuation of 0.2 dB/km, dispersion of 5 ps/nm/km, the
Fig. 3. (a) Throughput output signal with FWHM ¼ 5 MHz and FSR ¼ 5:2 GHz. (b) Multi-soliton range
from 46 to 58 GHz with FWHM ¼ 20 MHz and FSR ¼ 4 GHz. (c) Non-uniform multi-carrier generation
using the add/drop system. (d) Uniform multi-carrier generation using the GFF system.
Vol. 6, No. 1, February 2014 7900109

differential group delay of 0.2 ps/km, the nonlinear refractive index of 2:6 Â 10À20
m2
=W, effective
area of 25 m2
, and the nonlinear phase shift of 3 mrad. At the transmitter antenna base station, the
multiplexed signals are being beaten to the photodiode. Hence, an IEEE802.11a signal is
generated and propagated wirelessly by transmitter antenna and captured by the second antenna
located in the receiver, as shown in Fig. 5(b). At the receiver antenna base station, the RF signal is
up-converted using a commercially available distributed feedback (DFB) laser to process the
received signal optically. The up-converted signal is transmitted to the receiver central office (RCO)
through 2m SMF. At the RCO, the AWG is used to implement the FFT function optically. The
demodulation is performed, and the BER is calculated. As shown in Fig. 5(c) and (d), the data rate
of 56 Mb/s at signal to noise ratio (SNR) of 30 dB is achievable, which implies that the proposed
system can be replaced by traditional IEEE802.11a systems. In addition, it shows the bit rate
relation to the SNR, where for the SNRs less than 23 dB, the bit rate is getting decreased gradually,
and for SNR above 23 dB, the bit rate is constant. Moreover, the constellation diagrams after
equalization for QAM and 16-QAM modulated signals are shown in Fig. 5(e) and (f) respectively,
which shows a good performance of both scenarios. A further investigation on the system
performance is conducted using a BER calculation. As illustrated in Fig. 5(g), the system
performance under two circumstances is investigated, which are QAM and 16-QAM modulations.
This figure implies that higher received power corresponds to better performance of the QAM
modulation than 16-QAM.
Fig. 4. Experimental system setup.
Fig. 5. (a)–(f) Transmitter and receiver performances. (g) QAM and 16-QAM performances.
Vol. 6, No. 1, February 2014 7900109

Based on the presented system and results, it is possible to use the MRR to generate both single
and multi-carriers to be applied for optical OFDM signal generation. IEEE802.11a is a common
application that can be benefited from this system.
4. Conclusion
A Panda ring resonator connected to an add/drop system has been demonstrated. An optical soliton
frequency band is generated by the input bright soliton pulse propagating within the system. A high
frequency band of optical soliton pulses can be generated and used in optical communication
networks such as IEEE802.11a, for single and multi-carriers. Thus, high bit rate data transmission
using broad soliton frequency band can be provided. An all optical OFDM signal was generated based
on the multi-carriers from MRRs via a wired/wireless communication network. The system
performance was investigated for QAM and 16-QAM modulations. Hence, the higher received
power corresponds to better performance of QAM than 16-QAM modulation. Therefore, the multi-
carriers generated by the MRR systems can be used for an all optical generation of OFDM signals.
Acknowledgment
The gratitude also goes to the administration of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) for providing
research facilities and support.
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[17] I. S. Amiri, A. Nikoukar, and J. Ali, BGHz frequency band soliton generation using integrated ring resonator for WiMAX
optical communication,[ Opt. Quantum Electron., DOI: 10.1007/s11082-013-9848-0, to be published.
[18] S. Lin and K. B. Crozier, BPlanar silicon microrings as wavelength-multiplexed optical traps for storing and sensing
particles,[ Lab Chip, vol. 11, no. 23, pp. 4047–4051, Dec. 2011.
[19] I. S. Amiri, S. E. Alavi, S. M. Idrus, A. Nikoukar, and J. Ali, BIEEE 802.15.3c WPAN standard using millimeter optical
soliton pulse generated by a panda ring resonator,[ IEEE Photon. J., vol. 5, no. 5, p. 7901912, Oct. 2013.
Vol. 6, No. 1, February 2014 7900109

[20] I. S. Amiri and J. Ali, BGenerating highly dark–bright solitons by Gaussian beam propagation in a PANDA ring
resonator,[ J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci., vol. 11, no. 4, 2014.
[21] I. S. Amiri and J. Ali, BOptical quantum generation and transmission of 57-61 GHz frequency band using an optical fiber
optics,[ J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci., vol. 11, no. 10, 2014.
[22] S. Kumar, R. Egorov, K. Croussore, M. Allen, M. Mitchell, and B. Basch, BExperimental study of intra-vs. inter-
superchannel spectral equalization in flexible grid systems,[ presented at the Optical Fiber Communication
Conference, Anaheim, CA, USA, 2013, Paper JW2A.05.
[23] C.-E. Chou, N.-H. Sun, and W.-F. Liu, BGain flattening filter of an erbium-doped fiber amplifier based on etching long-
period gratings technology,[ Opt. Eng., vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 342–345, Feb. 2004.
[24] I. S. Amiri, K. Raman, A. Afroozeh, M. A. Jalil, I. N. Nawi, J. Ali, and P. P. Yupapin, BGeneration of DSA for security
application,[ Proc. Eng., vol. 8, pp. 360–365, 2011.
[25] I. S. Amiri, A. Nikoukar, A. Shahidinejad, T. Anwar, and J. Ali, BQuantum transmission of optical tweezers via fiber optic
using half-panda system,[ Life Sci. J., vol. 10, no. 12s, pp. 391–400, Dec. 2013.
[26] I. S. Amiri, J. Ali, and P. P. Yupapin, BEnhancement of FSR and finesse using add/drop filter and PANDA ring resonator
systems,[ Int. J. Mod. Phys. B, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 1250034-1–1250034-13, Feb. 2012.
[27] I. S. Amiri and J. Ali, BFemtosecond optical quantum memory generation using optical bright soliton,[ J. Comput. Theor.
Nanosci., vol. 11, no. 6, 2014.
[28] I. S. Amiri, P. Naraei, and J. Ali, BReview and theory of optical soliton generation used to improve the security and high
capacity of MRR and NRR passive systems,[ J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci., vol. 11, no. 9, 2014.
[29] I. S. Amiri, F. J. Rahim, A. S. Arif, S. Ghorbani, P. Naraei, D. Forsyth, and J. Ali, BSingle soliton bandwidth generation
and manipulation by microring resonator,[ Life Sci. J., vol. 10, no. 12s, pp. 904–910, Dec. 2013.
[30] I. S. Amiri, S. Soltanmohammadi, A. Shahidinejad, and J. Ali, BOptical quantum transmitter with finesse of 30 at 800-nm
central wavelength using microring resonators,[ Opt. Quantum Electron., vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 1095–1105, Oct. 2013.
[31] I. S. Amiri, A. Afroozeh, I. N. Nawi, M. A. Jalil, A. Mohamad, J. Ali, and P. P. Yupapin, BDark soliton array for
communication security,[ Proc. Eng., vol. 8, pp. 417–422, 2011.
[32] I. S. Amiri and J. Ali, BNano particle trapping by ultra-short tweezer and wells using MRR interferometer system for
spectroscopy application,[ Nanosci. Nanotechnol. Lett., vol. 5, no. 8, pp. 850–856, Aug. 2013.
[33] I. S. Amiri, A. Nikoukar, A. Shahidinejad, J. Ali, and P. Yupapin, BGeneration of discrete frequency and wavelength for
secured computer networks system using integrated ring resonators,[ in Proc. ICCCE, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2012,
pp. 775–778.
[34] N. Suwanpayak, M. A. Jalil, C. Teeka, J. Ali, and P. P. Yupapin, BOptical vortices generated by a PANDA ring resonator
for drug trapping and delivery applications,[ Biomed. Opt. Exp., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 159–168, Jan. 2011.
[35] I. S. Amiri, M. Ranjbar, A. Nikoukar, A. Shahidinejad, J. Ali, and P. Yupapin, BMulti optical soliton generated by PANDA
ring resonator for secure network communication,[ in Proc. ICCCE, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2012, pp. 760–764.
[36] M. Jalil, A. Abdolkarim, T. Saktioto, C. Ong, and P. P. Yupapin, BGeneration of THz frequency using PANDA ring
resonator for THz imaging,[ Int. J. Nanomed., vol. 7, pp. 773–779, Feb. 2012.
[37] K. Luangxaysana, S. Mitatha, M. Yoshida, N. Komine, and P. Yupapin, BHigh-capacity terahertz carrier generation
using a modified add-drop filter for radio frequency identification,[ Opt. Eng., vol. 51, no. 8, pp. 085006-1–085006-7,
Aug. 2012.
[38] I. S. Amiri and J. Ali, BPicosecond soliton pulse generation using a PANDA system for solar cells fabrication,[ J.
Comput. Theor. Nanosci., vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 693–701, Mar. 2014.
[39] I. S. Amiri and J. Ali, BData signal processing via a manchester coding-decoding method using chaotic signals
generated by a PANDA ring resonator,[ Chin. Opt. Lett., vol. 11, no. 4, p. 041901, Apr. 2013.
[40] S. E. Alavi, I. S. Amiri, S. M. Idrus, A. S. M. Supa’at, and J. Ali, BChaotic signal generation and trapping using an optical
transmission link,[ Life Sci. J., vol. 10, no. 9s, pp. 186–192, Sep. 2013.
[41] S. E. Alavi, I. S. Amiri, S. M. Idrus, and J. Ali, BOptical wired/wireless communication using soliton optical tweezers,[
Life Sci. J., vol. 10, no. 12s, pp. 179–187, Dec. 2013.
[42] P. Yupapin and W. Suwancharoen, BChaotic signal generation and cancellation using a micro ring resonator
incorporating an optical add/drop multiplexer,[ Opt. Commun., vol. 280, no. 2, pp. 343–350, Dec. 2007.
[43] I. Sadegh Amiri, M. Nikmaram, A. Shahidinejad, and J. Ali, BGeneration of potential wells used for quantum codes
transmission via a TDMA network communication system,[ Security Commun. Netw., vol. 6, no. 11, pp. 1301–1309,
Nov. 2013.
[44] I. S. Amiri, M. H. Khanmirzaei, M. Kouhnavard, P. P. Yupapin, and J. Ali, BQuantum entanglement using multi dark
soliton correlation for multivariable quantum router,[ in Quantum Entanglement, A. M. Moran, Ed. Commack, NY,
USA: Nova, 2012, pp. 111–122.
Vol. 6, No. 1, February 2014 7900109

All-Optical OFDM Generation for IEEE802.11a Based on Soliton Carriers Using Microring Resonators

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