Altered casts technique
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The document describes the altered cast technique, which is a modification of the functional impression technique used in removable partial dentures. It involves making a functional impression to capture the displaced shape of the residual ridge under load. The edentulous area is then cut out from the original master cast. The framework and functional impression are seated on the modified master cast. Stone is poured into the impression to create an altered, or corrected, cast reflecting the displaced ridge shape under load. This ensures uniform support of the denture base in the functional form of the residual ridge.
Altered casts technique
- 1. ALTERED CAST TECHNIQUE By Dr. Saili Chandavarkar MDS II 1
- 2. CONTENTS • Introduction • Support of distal extension based partial denture • Concept of functional impression • Need of functional impression • Indication for functional impression • Objectives of functional impression 2
- 3. CONTENTS • Factors influencing support of distal extension base • Materials used for functional impression • Impression methods • Altered Cast Technique • Modifications of altered cast technique 3
- 4. SUPPORT OF DISTAL EXTENSION BASED PARTIAL DENTURE • • • A minor support comes from the abutment teeth The major support comes from elastic fibrous connective tissue pad overlying the alveolar process Residual ridge: It is the remnant of the alveolar process together with the fibrous connective tissue covering (& included structures) in an edentulous area of the dental arch. 4
- 5. ACCORDING TO THE METHOD OF IMPRESSION MAKING RESIDUAL RIDGE Anatomic form Functional form 5
- 6. ANATOMIC FORM • The surface of the residual ridge at rest. • It is the shape of the ridge before functional load is applied. 6
- 7. FUNCTIONAL FORM • It means the shape of the residual ridge tissue when it is functioning to support the denture base. • It is the shape of the ridge after functional load is applied. 7
- 8. Anatomic or Resting form Supporting or Functional form McCracken’s Removable Partial Prosthodontics 3rd edition 8
- 9. CONCEPT OF FUNCTIONAL IMPRESSION The term functional impression means recording the functional form of the residual ridge tissue & to obtain uniformity of support when the functional load is applied. 9
- 10. HISTORY • Applegate used impression wax to load functionally the residual ridge • Hindel felt that free –end denture base under masticatory load should be related to metal framework when it is seated • Holmes used four different materials with altered cast technique • Leupold & Kratochvil used Zinc-oxide Eugenol paste to record the shape of residual ridges 10
- 11. HISTORY • Kramer & Singer used a double impression technique based on load distribution by Hindel • McCracken concluded that a functional technique should be used when constructing mandibular distal extension based partial denture 11
- 12. NEED OF FUNCTIONAL IMPRESSION • The displaceability of the mucosa of residual ridge is not uniform. • The need of functional impression arises in cases of distal extension based partial denture. • Some mouth does not exhibit significant difference in anatomical and functional form of ridge. • Short span distal extension bases. 12
- 13. INDICATIONS FOR FUNCTIONAL IMPRESSION • Mandibular distal extension partial dentures – Only a limited ridge area can be used as a stress bearing site. • Mainly Kennedy’s class I & II edentulous arches. 13
- 14. OBJECTIVES OF FUNCTIONAL IMPRESSION (O.C. Applegate) • • • • To obtain the maximum area of coverage Traumatic impact on any area must be avoided At rest there must be no islands of ischemia Under work loads all areas must receive massage stimuli. 14
- 15. Factors influencing the support of distal extension base • Contour & Quality of residual ridge McCracken’s Removable Partial Prosthodontics15
- 16. •Extent of residual ridge coverage by the denture base McCracken’s Removable Partial Prosthodontics 16
- 17. •Type & Accuracy of impression registration McCracken’s Removable Partial Prosthodontics 17
- 18. •Accuracy of fit of denture base McCracken’s Removable Partial Prosthodontics 18
- 19. •Design of partial denture framework McCracken’s Removable Partial Prosthodontics 19
- 20. •Total Occlusal load applied McCracken’s Removable Partial Prosthodontics 20
- 21. IMPRESSION MATERIALS ANATOMIC IMPRESSIONS FUNCTIONAL IMPRESSIONS • IRREVERSIBLE HYDROCOLLOID • ELASTOMERIC IMPRESSION MATERIALS • REVERSIBLE HYDROCOLLOID • FLUID WAXES • METALLIC PASTES • ELASTOMERIC IMPRESSION MATERIALS • SOFT RELINERS 21
- 22. METHODS OF FUNCTIONAL IMPRESSION SELECTED PRESSURE IMPRESSION TECHNIQUE PHYSIOLOGIC OR FUNCTIONAL IMPRESSION McLean's method Hindel’s modification for McLean's method Functional relining method The Fluid wax technique 22
- 23. The master cast may be altered to accommodate the new ridge impression it is referred as Altered Cast Technique Or Corrected Cast Impression Technique 23
- 24. McLean’s Physiologic Method Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics – Stewart. 3rd edition 24
- 25. Custom tray over a preliminary cast 25
- 26. Custom tray over a preliminary cast 26
- 27. Occlusal rim over a distal extension base is made 27
- 28. Functional impression of extension area under occlusal load 28
- 29. Hydrocolloid impression over the first impression made under finger pressure. 29
- 30. McLean’s Physiologic Method Disadvantages• Finger pressure not equal to biting pressure • Alginate between stock tray and occlusal rim acts as buffer. May not transfer entire load to special tray. 30
- 31. Hindel’s Modification • First anatomic impression in alginate is made • Acrylic resin tray over saddle area is prepared • Impression of saddle area is made in zinc oxide eugenol paste without pressure • Super impression is made with a modified tray applying finger pressure. Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics – Stewart. 3rd edition 31
- 32. Hindel’s special tray with holes to apply pressure 32
- 34. HINDLE’S FINGER LOADING Disadvantage • Tissues are in constant stage of compression • Ischemia and bone resorption • Premature contacts at rest. 34
- 35. Functional Reline Method Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics – Stewart. 3rd edition 35
- 36. Layer of relief given 36
- 37. The denture is processed & fitted in the mouth in customary manner, except that the relief metal is left in place. It should be worn for a trial period of a week & all needed adjustments are done 37
- 38. The relief metal is stripped off from the acrylic. 38
- 39. low fusing modeling compound is added in increments 39
- 41. 1 mm Modeling plastic is removed from the intaglio surface. 41
- 42. Impression made using one of the corrective materials : fluid wax, Zinc-oxide Eugenol pastes or any elastomeric impression material. 42
- 43. Functional Reline Method • Disadvantage – a) Occlusion may be altered slightly by reline procedures & may require adjustments b) There remains a fine line of demarcation between the newly added & old resin of the denture 43
- 44. FLUID WAX TECHNIQUE 44 Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics – Stewart. 3rd edition
- 45. FLUID WAX TECHNIQUE • The most frequently used waxes are – Korrecta wax no. 4 - Dr. O.C.& S.G. Applegate at University of Michigan IOWA wax -Developed by Dr.Smith at University of IOWA • Korrecta wax no. 4 is slightly more fluid than IOWA wax 45
- 46. The armantarium for fluid wax technique. (51- 54 degree Celsius) 46
- 47. Undercuts eliminated using baseplate wax 47
- 48. Separating medium applied to the cast. 48
- 49. Framework seated on the cast. 49
- 50. Tray material adapted 12 mm relief between residual ridge and intaglio surface of tray. Excess material removed. Tray border smoothed using laboratory bur. Should be 2 mm short of border extension required. 50
- 51. Fluid wax painted onto the intaglio surface of tray (1 -2 mm) Assembly seated in patients mouth.(5 -7 mins) 51
- 52. Completed impression. Check for proper tissue contact.(final insertion for 12 mins) 52
- 53. FLUID WAX TECHNIQUE • The finished impression must be handled carefully & the new cast poured as soon as the wax is fragile & subject to distortion 53
- 54. SELECTIVE TISSUE PLACEMENT IMPRESSION METHOD 54
- 55. SELECTIVE TISSUE PLACEMENT IMPRESSION METHOD • The technique attempts to direct more force to those portions of ridge able to absorb stress without adverse response & to protect the areas of ridge which are least able to absorb forces. 55
- 56. Framework tried on the cast McCracken’s Removable Partial Prosthodontics 56 Tray outline marked for extension
- 57. Framework with tray fabricated on it with holes on its ridge. McCracken’s Removable Partial Prosthodontics 57
- 58. Areas in which relief is to be provided is marked Tray is being relieved before the final impression is made 58 Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics – Stewart. 3rd edition
- 59. Acrylic resin impression trays with holes Framework with tray tried in patient’s mouth Functional impression made 59
- 60. ALTERED CAST TECHNIQUE Altered cast oˆ l#terd ka˘ st: a final cast that is revised in part before processing a denture base—called also corrected cast, modified cast Altered cast partial denture impression oˆ l#terd ka˘ st pa¨r#shal de˘n#cher ı˘m-pre˘sh#an: a negative likeness of a portion or portions of the edentulous denture bearing area(s) made independent of and after the initial impression of the natural teeth. This technique employs an impression tray(s) attached to the removable dental prosthesis framework or its likeness 60
- 61. ALTERED CAST TECHNIQUE • Also known as Corrected cast or Split cast Technique. • It is mainly a modification of functional impression through laboratory procedure. • Functional impression for this technique can be made using any of the above mentioned materials and techniques. Robert J. Leupold And Frank J. Kratochvil:An Altered-cast Procedure To Improve Tissue Support For Removable Partial Dentures .J Prosthet Dent61 1965:672-679
- 62. Functional impression made Final impression McCracken’s Removable Partial Prosthodontics 12thedition 62
- 63. Edentulous area cut from the master cast 63
- 64. Framework with attached impression seated on the master cast It is imperative that all the rests occupy their proper position on the cast 64
- 65. Assembly from underside of the cast Peripheral borders of the impression are protected with utility wax & the assembly wrapped with boxing wax 65
- 66. The newly obtained altered cast with newly added stone 66
- 68. Alternate technique to separate the edentulous cast 68
- 69. Boxed elastomeric final impression in which edentulous ridges have been separated with contoured baseplate wax (A arrows) and sealed to anatomic contour of impression at base. Triangular wax bars (B arrows) are attached to make dovetails (three separate compartments of impression). Izharul Haque Ansari: A new procedure for separating the edentulous distal extension portion 69 from the master cast when an altered cast is made. J Prosthet Dent 1994;72:666-9.
- 70. Mix of properly proportioned dental stone vibrated into three compartments of impression. Impression must be overfilled to make solid base to prevent premature separation Izharul Haque Ansari: A new procedure for separating the edentulous distal extension portion 70 from the master cast when an altered cast is made. J Prosthet Dent 1994;72:666-9.
- 71. Master east ready for duplication. Three to 5 mm thick base (line shown by arrow) below level of separating wax to prevent premature separation while cast is handled to make the framework. Izharul Haque Ansari: A new procedure for separating the edentulous distal extension portion 71 from the master cast when an altered cast is made. J Prosthet Dent 1994;72:666-9.
- 72. Base of the cast has been trimmed to line shown by arrows in previous dgm and cast is ready for immersion in boiling slurry water. Portions of old cast may require trimming (arrow) before new impression is poured Izharul Haque Ansari: A new procedure for separating the edentulous distal extension portion 72 from the master cast when an altered cast is made. J Prosthet Dent 1994;72:666-9.
- 73. View from bottom of master cast after base has been trimmed to expose separating wax and wax dovetails. Izharul Haque Ansari: A new procedure for separating the edentulous distal extension portion 73 from the master cast when an altered cast is made. J Prosthet Dent 1994;72:666-9.
- 74. Edentulous portions separated from rest of master cast when removed from boiling clear slurry water. Appearance of dovetails for additional retention for dental stone. Izharul Haque Ansari: A new procedure for separating the edentulous distal extension portion 74 from the master cast when an altered cast is made. J Prosthet Dent 1994;72:666-9.
- 75. Alternate boxing technique Leila Jahangiri, Patrick Mascarenhas and Donald Kitzis: A simple technique for boxing impressions for fabrication of altered casts. J Prosthet Dent 2001;85:519-20 Kevin D. Plummer:Technique for boxing an altered cast impression. J Prosthet Dent 1982;47:573-575 75
- 76. Replacement of impression and framework on master cast after removal of edentulous distal extension areas of cast. Framework is luted to master cast with sticky wax. Leila Jahangiri, Patrick Mascarenhas and Donald Kitzis: A simple technique for boxing impressions for fabrication of altered casts. J Prosthet Dent 2001;85:519-20 Kevin D. Plummer:Technique for boxing an altered cast impression. J Prosthet Dent 1982;47:573-575 76
- 77. Protection of teeth in master cast with irreversible hydrocolloid. Leila Jahangiri, Patrick Mascarenhas and Donald Kitzis: A simple technique for boxing impressions for fabrication of altered casts. J Prosthet Dent 2001;85:519-20 Kevin D. Plummer:Technique for boxing an altered cast impression. J Prosthet Dent 1982;47:573-575 77
- 78. Immersion of master cast and frame assembly within supporting base. Framework with corrected impression is seated into a plaster mix contained bv wax boxing sheet. Leila Jahangiri, Patrick Mascarenhas and Donald Kitzis: A simple technique for boxing impressions for fabrication of altered casts. J Prosthet Dent 2001;85:519-20 Kevin D. Plummer:Technique for boxing an altered cast impression. J Prosthet Dent 1982;47:573-575 78
- 79. • Make a support base mix with an Accu-Dent (Buellton, Calif.) water measure. Mix 2 parts (26 mL) cornstarch (Argo Cornstarch, Best Foods Div, CPC International Inc, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.), 1 part (13 mL) fine pumice, and 1 part (13 mL) plaster. Mix the dry powders and add to 115 mL water. Pour the material into a denture flask. • Let set for 15 minutes. Pour a base with a compatible stone to that of the master cast, filling up the denture flask. Once set, remove from flask. • Separate master cast from the supporting base and irreversible hydrocolloid (this supporting base is easy to remove with one’s fingers). Trim the cast to the desired dimensions Leila Jahangiri, Patrick Mascarenhas and Donald Kitzis: A simple technique for boxing impressions for fabrication of altered casts. J Prosthet Dent 2001;85:519-20 79
- 80. • Mix 50% cornstarch (Argo Cornstarch, Best Foods Div. C.P.C. International Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J.) and 50% white modeling plaster by volume with water to a creamy consistency. Pour this into the boxing wax form. Place the impression in the mixture. • Allow the mixture to set for 10 minutes. Remove and save the boxing wax. • Seal the previously used boxing wax to the trimmed base leaving at least 20 mm from the top of the boxing wax to the highest point on the impression. • Soak the master cast in slurry water for 5 minutes. Pour the cast using the same stone as the original master cast. No separating medium is needed • When the stone is set, remove the boxing wax and place the cast in a water bath of 110” F to facilitate removal of the plaster/cornstarch mixture and the Framework. Separate the plaster/cornstarch mixture with plaster pliers and your fingers. Kevin D. Plummer:Technique for boxing an altered cast impression. J Prosthet Dent 1982;47:573-575 80
- 81. Boxing wax placed around plaster base and cast leaving at least 20 mm from top of wax to highest point on impression. Leila Jahangiri, Patrick Mascarenhas and Donald Kitzis: A simple technique for boxing impressions for fabrication of altered casts. J Prosthet Dent 2001;85:519-20 Kevin D. Plummer:Technique for boxing an altered cast impression. J Prosthet Dent 1982;47:573-575 81
- 82. • Completed altered cast. Completed altered cast. Leila Jahangiri, Patrick Mascarenhas and Donald Kitzis: A simple technique for boxing impressions for fabrication of altered casts. J Prosthet Dent 2001;85:519-20 Kevin D. Plummer:Technique for boxing an altered cast impression. J Prosthet Dent 1982;47:573-575 82
- 83. Alternative to altered cast technique Ming-Sheh Chen, W.A. Eichhold, Chao-Chin Chien and D.A. Curtis : An altered-cast impression technique that eliminates conventional cast dissecting and impression boxing. J Prosthet Dent 83 1987;57:471-474
- 84. Tissue surface of final impression. Note excess rubber base impression material has been trimmed to internal finish line (arrows) of metal framework. Lingual surface of custom tray. Most of excess final impression material has been trimmed. Only 3 mm of impression material is left over and above border flange. This residual final impression material is later used as a guide to develop ledge of an irreversible hydrocolloid land. Ming-Sheh Chen, W.A. Eichhold, Chao-Chin Chien and D.A. Curtis : An altered-cast impression technique that eliminates conventional cast dissecting and impression boxing. J Prosthet Dent 84 1987;57:471-474
- 85. Tissue surface of distal-extension irreversible hydrocolloid pickup impression. Irreversible hydrocolloid is purposely overextended 3 to 5 mm around distal-extension region. 85
- 86. Irreversible hydrocolloid pickup impression after trimming is completed. Note a land of irreversible hydrocolloid impression material that is 3 mm in width and 3 mm below crest of border flange. It shows relationship between final impression, irreversible hydrocolloid land, and stock metal tray. 86
- 87. Tissue surface of final impression is surrounded by a uniform land of irreversible hydrocolloid. 87
- 88. Tissue surface of pickup impression. Note wax blockout (arrows) of all undesirable mechanical undercuts. There is no blockout of major connectors, rests, and reciprocal clasp arms 88
- 89. Master cast obtained by this method. Note uniform stone land transition in distalextension regions. 89
- 90. Alternative to altered cast technique Herman B. Dumbrigue and Josephine F. Esquivel: Selective-pressure single impression procedure for tooth-mucosa–supported removable partial dentures. J Prosthet Dent 1998;80:259-61 90
- 91. Aluminum foil and two sheets of baseplate wax over diagnostic cast before tray fabrication. Herman B. Dumbrigue and Josephine F. Esquivel: Selective-pressure single impression procedure for tooth-mucosa–supported removable partial dentures. J Prosthet Dent 1998;80:259-61 91
- 92. Custom tray fabricated with extensions reduced 2 mm short of vestibule. Herman B. Dumbrigue and Josephine F. Esquivel: Selective-pressure single impression procedure for tooth-mucosa–supported removable partial dentures. J Prosthet Dent 1998;80:259-61 92
- 93. Custom tray with softened modeling compound reseated on diagnostic cast. Modeling compound over residual ridges shaped appropriately before intraoral placement. Herman B. Dumbrigue and Josephine F. Esquivel: Selective-pressure single impression procedure for tooth-mucosa–supported removable partial dentures. J Prosthet Dent 1998;80:259-61 93
- 94. Border molding procedure completed. Herman B. Dumbrigue and Josephine F. Esquivel: Selective-pressure single impression procedure for tooth-mucosa–supported removable partial dentures. J Prosthet Dent 1998;80:259-61 94
- 95. Trial of metal framework,altered cast technique and interocclusal record in one appointment 95
- 96. Technique 1 • Richard Bauman and James DeBoer :A modification of the altered cast technique. J Prosthet Dent 1982;47:212-213 A custom tray was fabricated over the metal framework in the edentulous portion. A wax occlusal rim was fabricated over the custom tray 96
- 97. Border molding is completed. Final impression is completed in material of choice Richard Bauman and James DeBoer :A modification of the altered cast technique. J Prosthet 97 Dent 1982;47:212-213
- 98. Interocclusal record is made by placing low fusing modelling compound over the wax rim to record the interocclusal relationship Richard Bauman and James DeBoer :A modification of the altered cast technique. J Prosthet 98 Dent 1982;47:212-213
- 99. An over impression of the entire assembly in irreversible hydrocolloid Richard Bauman and James DeBoer :A modification of the altered cast technique. J Prosthet 99 Dent 1982;47:212-213
- 100. Technique 2 • Lih-Shou Lay,Wing-Hong Lai and Chen-Tsye Wu :Making the framework try-in, altered-cast impression, andocclusal registration in one appointment. J Prosthet Dent 1996;75:446-8. 100
- 101. Wax used to block out undercuts around framework over edentulous portion of cast. Autopolymerizing acrylic resin tray material formed over edentulous ridge portion of framework. Trays detached from framework. Custom-made trays attached to framework with acrylic 101 resin.
- 102. Index grooves on occlusal surface of trays. Jaw relation record (yellow) made in mouth with framework and record base in place. Altered cast poured without removal of jaw registration material. 102
- 103. Technique 3 • U. Santana-Penín and J. Gil Lozano: An accurate method for occlusal registration and altered-cast impression for removable partial dentures during the same visit as the framework try-in. J Prosthet Dent 1998;80:615-8. 103
- 104. Light-cured acrylic resin tray formed over edentulous ridge portion of framework. Holes are made in tray to allow resin columns to be built up through it. Position of holes can be marked with pencil so that it is clear where to locate bases of columns (arrows). U. Santana-Penín and J. Gil Lozano: An accurate method for occlusal registration and alteredcast impression for removable partial dentures during the same visit as the framework try-in. 104 J Prosthet Dent 1998;80:615-8.
- 105. Acrylic resin trays (with holes for resin columns) detached from framework Framework in mouth showing 1 inch resin column built up as jaw relation index. 105
- 106. Framework in mouth showing 1 resin column built up as jaw relation index. Acrylic resin tray in position on framework after building up resin column (a) that acts as jaw relation index. In addition, stone index beneath major connector (b) will facilitate accurate repositioning of framework on altered cast. 106
- 107. Completed impression seated on cast from which edentulous ridges have been removed. Impression is boxed, in this case with plasticine. 107
- 108. Finished altered master cast, with impression and jaw relation indexes (arrows) in place. Resin columns are used to relate mandibular cast to previously mounted maxillary cast, and are attached to lower arm of articulator with stone. 108
- 109. Richard P. Frank et al :Clinical Outcome Of Altered Cast Impression Procedure Compared With Use Of A One Piece Cast J Prosthet dent 2004;91:468-76 Altered cast procedure does not offer significant advantages over one piece cast if the following standards are met : • Complete extension of impression • Use of magnification to adjust and ensure complete seating of the framework. • Coverage of retromolar pad and buccal shelf area by the base 92 109
- 110. REFERENCES • Essential of Removable partial denture – Applegate • Removable Partial Prosthodontics – Miller • Partial dentures – Osborne & Lamiae • Advanced removable partial dentures – Brudvik • Clinical dental prosthetics –Fenn ,Liddelow and Gimson’s 110
- 111. REFERENCES • Treatment of partially edentulous patients – Louis Boucher • J.Pros.Dent. July,2004 :volume 24;number1 • J.Pros.Dent May – June 1992 : Volume 15;number 3 111
Editor's Notes
- #62: AN ALTERED-CAST PROCEDURE TO IMPROVE TISSUE SUPPORTFOR REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURES