AmI 2015 - Definition of Ambient Intelligence
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The document defines ambient intelligence and discusses its key characteristics. It provides several definitions of ambient intelligence from different perspectives. Ambient intelligence systems are sensitive to their environment, can recognize and respond to the presence of users, and are adaptive. They incorporate technologies like sensing, reasoning, acting and interacting. Examples of application areas are given like smart homes and public buildings. Architectures for ambient intelligence require integrating diverse systems and standardization.
![System overview
2014/2015 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 47
D D D D
Application
Devices
• Sensor Technologies
• Communication protocols
• Scale (local, geographic)
• Number of devices
• Sampling Frequencies
• Security/ authentication
• Data types
• Bidirezional
• Data Encoding
• Polling / Pushing
Infrastructure &
AmI
• Ambient sensors (temperature, humidity, CO2,
pollutants, illumination, wind, …)
• User sensors (presence, movement, accesses,
…)
• Energy meters (electrical energy and power,
gas and water usage, …)
• Actuators (relays, valves, motors, displays, …)
• Automation Sistems
• Types of interconnection
• Dashboard (visualization, monitoring, …)
• Historical data (storage, querying,
wharehouses, …)
• Alarms (anomalies, thresholds, …)
• Remote control (actuation, [de]activate
actions, set-points, …)
• Trends (historical data analysis, real-time data
analysis)
• Real time computations (computing derived
values, virtual sensors, …)
• Ambient intelligence (comfort, energy saving,
scenarios, dynamic adaptation, …)
• Integration with information systems](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ami-definition-150306083546-conversion-gate01/85/AmI-2015-Definition-of-Ambient-Intelligence-47-320.jpg)
AmI 2015 - Definition of Ambient Intelligence
- 1. Definitions of Ambient Intelligence Ambient intelligence: technology and design Fulvio Corno Politecnico di Torino, 2014/2015 http://praxis.cs.usyd.edu.au/~peterris
- 2. Summary • Technology trends • Definition(s) • Application areas • Requested features • Architectures 2014/2015 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 2
- 3. TECHNOLOGY TRENDS Definitions and Application Areas 2014/2015 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 3
- 4. Technology trends Verona, 28/10/2014 Ambient Intelligence 4 Home Automation / Building Automation Smart Home / Smart Building Smart Devices / Ubiquitous / Wearable Mobile Devices Cloudcomputing Internet/Connectivity Internet of Things
- 5. Technology trends Verona, 28/10/2014 Ambient Intelligence 5 Home Automation / Building Automation / Smart Home / Smart Building Smart Devices / Ubiquitous / Wearable Mobile Devices Cloudcomputing Internet/Connectivity Internet of Things Integration Integration
- 6. Conquering the user Verona, 28/10/2014Ambient Intelligence6 Smart Home Electrical plants and componen ts Consumer electronics Computers Telecomm unications Industrial automatio n plants Surveillanc e systems Smart appliance On-line services Controlling the smart home market is appealing to producers of… May we talk?
- 7. Technology trends Verona, 28/10/2014 Ambient Intelligence 7 Home Automation / Building Automation Smart Home / Smart Building Smart Devices / Ubiquitous / Wearable Mobile Devices Cloudcomputing Internet/Connectivity Internet of Things IoT Applications (IoT) Users
- 8. Where research is… Verona, 28/10/2014 Ambient Intelligence 8 Home Automation / Building Automation Smart Home / Smart Building Smart Devices / Ubiquitous / Wearable Mobile Devices Cloudcomputing Internet/Connectivity Internet of Things IoT Applications (IoT) Users
- 9. DEFINITION(S) Definitions and Application Areas 2014/2015 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 9
- 10. What is Ambient Intelligence? • Wide area • Expectations evolving over time • “Definition” or “prediction”? • Multiple definitions found, from complementary points of view • Some researchers trying to define a common framework 2014/2015 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 10
- 11. The starting point • The concept of Ambient Intelligence (AmI) provides a vision of the Information Society where the emphasis is on greater user-friendliness, more efficient services support, user-empowerment, and support for human interactions. People are surrounded by intelligent intuitive interfaces that are embedded in all kinds of objects and an environment that is capable of recognising and responding to the presence of different individuals in a seamless, unobtrusive and often invisible way. 2014/2015 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 11 Published in 2001
- 12. Some other definitions 2014/2015 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 12
- 13. Comprehensive AmI definition • “An Ambient Intelligence system is a digital environment that proactively, but sensibly, supports people in their daily lives” Cook et al, Ambient Intelligence: Technologies, applications and opportunities, 2009 2014/2015 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 13
- 14. Comprehensive IE definition • “An Intelligent Environment is one in which the actions of numerous networked controllers (controlling different aspects of an environment) is orchestrated by self-programming pre-emptive processes (e.g., intelligent software agents) in such a way to create an interactive holistic functionality that enhances occupants experiences.” Augusto et al, Intelligent Environments: a Manifesto, 2013 2014/2015 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 14
- 15. Interactions among disciplines 2014/2015 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 15
- 16. Main steps for AmI Sensing Reasoning Acting Interacting 2014/2015 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 16
- 17. Main steps for AmI Sensing Reasoning Acting Interacting 2014/2015 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 17
- 18. Sensing • Sensors, sensor networks – Wired or wireless – Independent or embedded in a device (eg. Smartphone) • Ambient or body 2014/2015 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 18
- 19. Examples (ambient, wireless) 2014/2015 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 19
- 20. Examples (wearable) 2014/2015 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 20 http://www.notchdevice.com/ Inside clothes Haptic Feedback Movement capture Metria™ Informed Health 3-axis accelerometer, Galvanic Skin Response, 2 temperature sensors (body, skin) Self-tracking Steps, calories, sleep, distance, …
- 21. Sensor data Huge Noisy Missing points Heterogeneous measures Time- & space- dependent Raw vs. processed • “Making sense of data” • Stream data processing • Signal processing algorithms • Sensor fusion • Big data handling • Filtering, disambiguation, interpretation 2014/2015 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 21
- 22. Main steps for AmI Sensing Reasoning Acting Interacting 2014/2015 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 22
- 23. Reasoning • Needed to provide responsiveness and adaptability • Interpret and recognize context and activity • User modeling, context modeling • Context detection and context awareness • Mobility tracking • Activity recognition, activity prediction • Decision making – Acting vs. suggesting • Centralized vs. Distributed 2014/2015 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 23
- 24. Main steps for AmI Sensing Reasoning Acting Interacting 2014/2015 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 24
- 25. Acting • Home automation systems (lights, doors, windows, temperature, …) • User Interfaces or Wearable devices (notifications, information, alerting, …) • Robots 2014/2015 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 25
- 26. Main steps for AmI Sensing Reasoning Acting Interacting 2014/2015 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 26
- 27. Interacting with users • Traditional user interfaces – Web, mobile • Home fixtures • Natural user interfaces – Speech, gestures, body motion tracking, emotions, facial expressions, attention, … – Interaction bypasses ICT equipment (“disappearing computer”) • Should be the most important aspect of an AmI, but… 2014/2015 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 27
- 28. Don’t push technologies Verona, 28/10/2014 Ambient Intelligence 28 http://radar.oreilly.com/2014/05/most-of-what-we- need-for-smart-cities-already-exists.html http://radar.oreilly.com/2014/04/ioth-the-internet- of-things-and-humans.html
- 29. Related Buzzwords… • IoT – Internet of Things – Physical objects are part of the Internet infrastructure. Objects are capable of interacting with other objects • M2M – Machine to machine communication – Technologies that allow both wireless and wired systems to communicate with other devices of the same type • IoE – Internet of Everything – The Internet of Everything is the networked connection of people, process, data, and things (Cisco) • Smart Homes, Domotics – Today’s solutions, with limited or no intelligence 2014/2015 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 29
- 30. APPLICATION AREAS Definitions and Application Areas 2014/2015 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 30
- 31. Application areas • The general principles are applicable to different types of environments – Private homes – Public/shared buildings – Open spaces • The type of applications is extremely varied • The approach and many founding technologies are shared across application domains 2014/2015 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 31
- 32. Some application areas 2014/2015 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 32 Note: Just “Smart” or Really “Intelligent” ?
- 33. A recent example… 2014/2015Ambient intelligence: technology and design33 https://nest.com/
- 34. REQUESTED FEATURES Definitions and Application Areas 2014/2015 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 34
- 35. Features • What are the features characterizing an AmI system? • What is really an “intelligent” system, versus a “smart” one, versus an “automated” one? • What characteristics are implied by the AmI definition(s)? 2014/2015 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 35
- 36. Features AmI Sensitive Responsive Adaptive Transparent Ubiquitous Intelligent 2014/2015 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 36
- 37. Sensitive & Responsive • Able to sense – The environment – The occupants • Able to process sensor data • Able to respond to user needs • Able to act on the environment 2014/2015 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 37
- 38. Adaptive • Able to infer a situational context – From environment data – From user data (identity, presence, actions, …) – From statistics and preferences – From external information sources • Able to adapt to the context – the interpretation of sensing – the generated response • «Context-Aware Computing» 2014/2015 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 38
- 39. Transparent • «The most profound technologies are those that disappear. They weave themselves into the fabric of everyday life until they are indistinguishable from it» (Weiser, 1991) • «Disappearing computer» 2014/2015 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 39
- 40. Ubiquitous • Ubiquitous Computing, Pervasive Computing – Ubiquitous: present, appearing, found everywhere – Pervasive: spreading widely throughout an area or a group of people • Able to be distributed over the ambient and over different people • Requires mobility, miniaturization, wireless communications, energy management • Requires interoperability, discovery, self-configuration 2014/2015 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 40
- 41. Intelligent • Incorporates Artificial Intelligence: – Machine learning, agent-based software, robotics – Hearing, vision, language, knowledge processing – Semantic web, reasoning • AI is an enabler for achieving context awareness, adaptivity, proactive responsiveness 2014/2015 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 41
- 42. ARCHITECTURES Definitions and Application Areas 2014/2015 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 42
- 43. AmI requires complex systems • Drawing from may different fields of Computer Science and Electronics • Requiring the most advanced solutions for integrating such diverse and numerous subsystems and devices • Needing to switch from one-off prototypes to scalable, reusable, plug&play, industrially robust solutions • Industries and researchers need to play together with standardization initiatives • Need to (re)gain the central role of end users 2014/2015 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 43
- 44. Home automation technologies 2014/2015 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 44
- 45. Home automation technologies 2014/2015 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 45 RS-485 Home Automation Building Automation Computer-derived
- 46. Standards? • Users are in the hands of manufacturers • Technologies and protocols – Don’t interoperate – Rapid obsolescence – Don’t trust new «Universal Standards» 2014/2015 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 46 http://xkcd.com/927/
- 47. System overview 2014/2015 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 47 D D D D Application Devices • Sensor Technologies • Communication protocols • Scale (local, geographic) • Number of devices • Sampling Frequencies • Security/ authentication • Data types • Bidirezional • Data Encoding • Polling / Pushing Infrastructure & AmI • Ambient sensors (temperature, humidity, CO2, pollutants, illumination, wind, …) • User sensors (presence, movement, accesses, …) • Energy meters (electrical energy and power, gas and water usage, …) • Actuators (relays, valves, motors, displays, …) • Automation Sistems • Types of interconnection • Dashboard (visualization, monitoring, …) • Historical data (storage, querying, wharehouses, …) • Alarms (anomalies, thresholds, …) • Remote control (actuation, [de]activate actions, set-points, …) • Trends (historical data analysis, real-time data analysis) • Real time computations (computing derived values, virtual sensors, …) • Ambient intelligence (comfort, energy saving, scenarios, dynamic adaptation, …) • Integration with information systems
- 48. In the real world 2014/2015 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 48 D D D D Devices AmI Infrastructure Application Application Application Application Application D Wired Wireless Custom-made Appliance Internet
- 49. Errors to avoid 2014/2015 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 49 D D D D Application Devices Infrastructure D D D D Application Infrastructure D «All you can eat» application The «tooooo smart gateway» Devices
- 50. Target approach 2014/2015 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 50 AmI system
- 51. Open Horizontal AmI Architectures 2014/2015 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 51 D D D D D D D D D D D D Application Application ApplicationApplication Neutral representation Basic services API Protocol interfaces/drivers Data exchange Real time processing Intelligence Application (service, agent) Intelligence
- 52. An example middleware 2014/2015 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 52 D D D D D D D D Domotic devices (switches, buttons, relays, sensors, meters, …) Domotic bus (wired, wireless) GW Bus-to-IP gateway Bus-to-serial gatewayGW Ethernet, Wi-Fi, USB User Interface Mobile, Web, Home Display, Multi Touch, Accessibility, Natural language, … Data analysis ERP, Web services, Stream processors, Datawarehouse Dog Bundles Device abstraction, Event abstraction, State abstraction, Rules engine, … User Interface User Interface Smart Appliance
- 53. Resources • Scenarios for Ambient Intelligent in 2010, ISTAG Group, 2001 • Smart Environments: Technology, Protocols and Applications, DJ Cook, S Das, John Wiley & Sons, 2004 • How smart are our environments? An updated look at the state of the art, DJ Cook, SK Das - Pervasive and mobile computing, 2007 • Ambient intelligence: Technologies, applications, and opportunities, DJ Cook, JC Augusto, VR Jakkula - Pervasive and Mobile Computing, 2009 • Intelligent environments: a manifesto, JC Augusto, V Callaghan, D Cook, A Kameas, I Satoh - Human-centric Computing and Information Sciences, 2013 • Ambient Intelligence: A Survey, F Sadri, ACM Comput. Surv., October 2011 2014/2015 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 53
- 54. License 2014/2015 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 54 • These slides are distributed under a Creative Commons license “Attribution – NonCommercial – ShareAlike (CC BY-NC-SA) 3.0” • You are free to: – Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format – Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material – The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms. • Under the following terms: – Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. – NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes. – ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original. – No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits. • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/