An introduction on biosaftey

Prepared By: Vipin Kumar Shukla
Assistant Lecturer
An Introduction on Biosaftey

Contents:
 Introduction.
 Containment and its purpose.
 Types of containments.
 Bio-Safety levels and its types.
 Bio-Safety guidelines.
 Bio-Safety guidelines for laboratories.
 Issues in GMOS release.
 ICGEB.

Biosaftey:
 Biosaftey means the need to protect human and animal
health and environment from the possible adverse effects of
the products of modern biotechnology.
 Biosaftey defines the containment conditions under which
infectious agents can be safely manipulated.
 Acc to CBD: Biosaftey word used to reduce & eliminate
the potential risk regulating from the modern biotechnology
and its products.

How can we protect our environment, Animal and health:
 We can protect by adapting the certain guidelines given by
the regulatory agencies from time to time.
 Initially there are biosaftey guidelines applied to
pharmaceutical and microbiology and research laboratories.
 Advantages of these biotech tools such as : R-DNA,
GMO,S these were extended to the handling and
transportation of such GMO,S.

Containments:
 It is defined as safety measures which
prevent the escaping of Genetically
Engineered Microorganisms from the
laboratory are called as Containments.
 Safety measures are:
 Lab procedures.
 Lab equipments.
 Host vector systems.
 It may be of two types:
 Physical containments.
 Biological containments.

Purpose of the containments:
 To reduce exposure of laboratories workers.
 Adapting the safety measures in the laboratories.
 Along with other persons and outside environment of
potentialities or potentially hazardous agents.
 To designed in such a way that may minimize the
accidental release of organisms their dissemination and
survival in the environment.

Types of containments:
 There are two types of containments which are as follows:
 Physical containments & Biological containments.
 Physical contaminants: It include physical method being adopted
inside the laboratories to prevent escaping of GMO,S to the
environment are called physical containments.
 It include several methods such as,
 Air filtration.
 Sterilization light.
 Waste disposal.
 Protective handling.

Biological containments:
 The biological principles used in laboratories to prevent the
escape of Genetically engineered organisms, or microbes are
called biological containments.
 Because it makes the organisms unable to survive in the outside
of environment.
 It prevents the spreading DNA,S to the organisms outside the
laboratory by usual conjugation, transformation, transduction.

Bio-Safety levels:
 Depending upon the source of donor
DNA and its disease producing
potential (etiological agents or risks)
to their cause and their workers.
 Biosaftey levels may be divided into
four types:
 BSL-1
 BSL-2
 BSL-3
 BSL-4
 It is also known as Bio-Safety levels.

Bio-Safety Level-1:
 It is applicable for (UG) and
secondary educational training and
teaching labs.
 It is defined and characterized
strains of non-harmful strains of
microorganisms.
 Non-pathogenic e-coli.
 Basic precautions should be taken
inside the laboratory.

Biosaftey level 2:
 It is applicable in clinical,
Diagnostics, Teaching and
other facilities.
 Work involving broad spectrum
of indigenous moderate risk
agents.
 Like Hep-a, Hap-B, Hep-C.
 Lab personnel require specific
training of handling the
pathogens.
 Access to the laboratory is
controlled.

Biosaftey Level 3:
 It is applicable in Clinical, Diagnostics, Teaching and other
facilities.
 Work involving broad spectrum of indigenous or exotic
agents with capacity to cause fatal or serious consequences.
 Lab personnel require specific training of handling the
pathogens and also supervised by the scientist.
 Access to the lab is strictly controlled.
 All procedure involving the manipulation of infectious
materials are conducted within biological safety cabinets
specially designed hoods, or other physical containments
devices or by performed wearing appropriate personal
protective clothing and equipment.

Bio-Safety level-4:
 It is applicable in Clinical, Diagnostics teaching and other
facilities.
 Its work involving dangerous and exotic agents with individual
risks of aerosol transmitted lab infections, which cause serious to
fatal diseases in humans for which vaccines are not available
like-Ebola virus.
 It requires to wear special pressure personnel suit with
segregated air supply.
 Access to the alb is prohibited.
 Biolab consist of vacuum room, UV-Light room, and all other
precautions required to destroy all tracks of biohazards.

Bio-Safety guidelines aims:
 Minimizing the possibilities of occasional release of Gmo,s
from the lab.
 Banning the release of Genetically Engineered
Microorganisms, if they are supposed to be causing
potential risk in the environment.
 Regulating R-DNA research with organisms that have least
or no adverse effects.

Bio-Safety guidelines for laboratories:
 Food storage, eating, drinking and smoking are prohibited in the
lab.
 Mouth pipetting is prohibited.
 Lab coats are obligatory and should be removed when existing
the lab.
 Working surface must be decontaminated using soap and alcohol
after each working day.
 Waste products must be decontaminated by incineration or by
autoclave.
 Frequent hand wash is obligatory.

Continued…..
 Avoid contact with Genetically Engineered
Microorganisms and other toxic biological agents,
disposable gloves should be worn when handling such
items:
 Lab door should be closed at all times.
 Working with fume-producing chemicals must be under the
laboratory hood.
 Biohazard warning signs, should be always posted in labs.

Issues in GMO,S release:
 Risk for Animal and Human health:
 Toxicity of food quality/Safety.
 Allergies.
 Pathogen drug resistance (Antibiotic resistance).
 Risk for the environment:
 Susceptibility of non-target organisms.
 Change in use of chemicals in agriculture.
 Unpredictable gene expression or transgene instability
(Gene Silencing).

Risks for agriculture:
 Weeds or super weeds.
 Alteration of nutritional value (attractiveness) of the
organisms.
 Change in cost of agriculture.
 Unpredictable variation in active product availability.
 Loss of changes in agriculture practice.

An introduction on biosaftey

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