An open-source testbed for IoT systems
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This document presents an open-source testbed for Internet of Things (IoT) systems developed by Augusto Ciuffoletti at the University of Pisa. It emphasizes the need for a complete prototyping framework that encompasses features such as energy efficiency, security, and a modular architecture, while providing a networking infrastructure and accommodating the distributed nature of IoT systems. The testbed uses cost-effective, open-source hardware like Raspberry Pi and Wemos D1 R2 to facilitate effective prototype development and testing.
An open-source testbed for IoT systems
- 1. https://www.slideshare.net/AugustoCiuffoletti/an-opensource-testbed-for-iot-systems-250402200 An open-source testbed for IoT systems Webist - 2021 Augusto Ciuffoletti Univ. of Pisa (Italy) October 27th 2021 Augusto Ciuffoletti (Univ. of Pisa (Italy)) An open-source testbed for IoT systems October 27th 2021 1 / 16
- 2. https://www.slideshare.net/AugustoCiuffoletti/an-opensource-testbed-for-iot-systems-250402200 Prototypes: role and features • The implementation of a prototype is a relevant step in a design process • A prototype demonstrates the value of the design, • highlighting practical details possibly overlooked in the process • Prototypying requires the implementation of a running environment • representative of a real application scenario • A prototype for a software product, like a server, has requirements that are somewhat confined • for instance, to the server and incoming traffic • The situation is different and more complex for Internet of Things systems Augusto Ciuffoletti (Univ. of Pisa (Italy)) An open-source testbed for IoT systems October 27th 2021 2 / 16
- 3. https://www.slideshare.net/AugustoCiuffoletti/an-opensource-testbed-for-iot-systems-250402200 Prototyping an IoT system as a distributed system • An IoT system has the features of a distributed system • The prototype needs to take in account this: • providing a networking infrastructure • connecting a significant number of units, with an impact on cost • taking into account security aspects that are part of the design Augusto Ciuffoletti (Univ. of Pisa (Italy)) An open-source testbed for IoT systems October 27th 2021 3 / 16
- 4. https://www.slideshare.net/AugustoCiuffoletti/an-opensource-testbed-for-iot-systems-250402200 Peculiar aspects of an IoT prototype • An IoT system introduces peculiar features that the prototype needs to mirror: • a full protocol stack, up from the physical layer (the Things) • the relevance of energy efficiency (batteries) • memory and computing power constraints Augusto Ciuffoletti (Univ. of Pisa (Italy)) An open-source testbed for IoT systems October 27th 2021 4 / 16
- 5. https://www.slideshare.net/AugustoCiuffoletti/an-opensource-testbed-for-iot-systems-250402200 Why an open source framework • R/D projects focus on a detail: a device, a protocol, an algorithm • Implementing a prototype requires an overall view • time and effort spent in prototype details do not introduce any novelty but • a superficial prototyping may bring to wrong conclusions • A framework provides a reasonable context for testing research results • The effort required to customize the framework is affordable • The open source feature is necessary to perform this step Augusto Ciuffoletti (Univ. of Pisa (Italy)) An open-source testbed for IoT systems October 27th 2021 5 / 16
- 6. https://www.slideshare.net/AugustoCiuffoletti/an-opensource-testbed-for-iot-systems-250402200 The first step: understanding required features • A IoT system should exhibit several features • we want to be analytic about them • The prototyping framework needs to implement them • Implementation as vanilla as possible • The user can change them to suit the needs • In our investigation we have found the following: Augusto Ciuffoletti (Univ. of Pisa (Italy)) An open-source testbed for IoT systems October 27th 2021 6 / 16
- 7. https://www.slideshare.net/AugustoCiuffoletti/an-opensource-testbed-for-iot-systems-250402200 Features of an IoT prototyping template • Layered architecture • a managed network (sensors + sink) • Energy-saving • support for deep sleep • Security • for sensor data • Open Source design • no copyright • Modularity • the user injects a new module • Low Cost • Encourages reproduction of results Augusto Ciuffoletti (Univ. of Pisa (Italy)) An open-source testbed for IoT systems October 27th 2021 7 / 16
- 8. https://www.slideshare.net/AugustoCiuffoletti/an-opensource-testbed-for-iot-systems-250402200 A framework for IoT testbed (Physical layer) • Infrastructure: Wireless • Low cost • Modular • The sink: a Raspberry Pi (Version 3) • Low cost • Open Source • Energy saving • Edge units: Wemos D1 R2 (ESP8266 EX) • Low cost • Open Source • Energy saving (deep sleep) Augusto Ciuffoletti (Univ. of Pisa (Italy)) An open-source testbed for IoT systems October 27th 2021 8 / 16
- 9. https://www.slideshare.net/AugustoCiuffoletti/an-opensource-testbed-for-iot-systems-250402200 A framework for IoT testbed (Link layer) • Infrastructure: WiFi managed (RPI as Access Point) • Modular • Layering (hierarchy of networks) • Low Cost • Security: WPA protocols Augusto Ciuffoletti (Univ. of Pisa (Italy)) An open-source testbed for IoT systems October 27th 2021 9 / 16
- 10. https://www.slideshare.net/AugustoCiuffoletti/an-opensource-testbed-for-iot-systems-250402200 A framework for IoT testbed (Service layer) • The Raspberry PI (sink) implements a key-value Redis database • Open source, lightweight • The database has room enough to preserve the state of hundredths of edge units • Useful to implement low duty-cycle applications for power saving • The database is a REST service, using HTTPS • Open source, security • The Raspberry PI hosts three dockers: nginx, a Flask backend server, and Redis • Modular, open source • A protocol between the Sink and the edge unit safely allocates a key to joining edge units Augusto Ciuffoletti (Univ. of Pisa (Italy)) An open-source testbed for IoT systems October 27th 2021 10 / 16
- 11. https://www.slideshare.net/AugustoCiuffoletti/an-opensource-testbed-for-iot-systems-250402200 The project outcome (hardware) • A standalone Raspberry PI (right) • without the optional Ethernet connection • One Wemos D1 R2 edge device (left) • with a battery that, depending on duty cycle, may last weeks • and the bluetooth dongle for two-pass key creation Augusto Ciuffoletti (Univ. of Pisa (Italy)) An open-source testbed for IoT systems October 27th 2021 11 / 16
- 12. https://www.slideshare.net/AugustoCiuffoletti/an-opensource-testbed-for-iot-systems-250402200 The project outcome (dockerized sink) • The configuration of the three dockers: • redis: the database • kvserver: the ad-hoc REST server (using Flask) • nginx: HTTPS proxy Augusto Ciuffoletti (Univ. of Pisa (Italy)) An open-source testbed for IoT systems October 27th 2021 12 / 16
- 13. https://www.slideshare.net/AugustoCiuffoletti/an-opensource-testbed-for-iot-systems-250402200 The project outcome (a stress test) • The REST server log during a stress test • Three GET request received during 10ms • A GET entails two Redis transactions Augusto Ciuffoletti (Univ. of Pisa (Italy)) An open-source testbed for IoT systems October 27th 2021 13 / 16
- 14. https://www.slideshare.net/AugustoCiuffoletti/an-opensource-testbed-for-iot-systems-250402200 The project outcome (the Wemos sketch) • The loop function leading to a deep sleep Augusto Ciuffoletti (Univ. of Pisa (Italy)) An open-source testbed for IoT systems October 27th 2021 14 / 16
- 15. https://www.slideshare.net/AugustoCiuffoletti/an-opensource-testbed-for-iot-systems-250402200 The project outcome (power saving evidence) Augusto Ciuffoletti (Univ. of Pisa (Italy)) An open-source testbed for IoT systems October 27th 2021 15 / 16
- 16. https://www.slideshare.net/AugustoCiuffoletti/an-opensource-testbed-for-iot-systems-250402200 Open source • Hardware design is so simple • Repositories: • The wemos sketch: https://github.com/AugustoCiuffoletti/IoTTemplate_esp8266 • The remote persistent memory service: https://github.com/AugustoCiuffoletti/kviot Augusto Ciuffoletti (Univ. of Pisa (Italy)) An open-source testbed for IoT systems October 27th 2021 16 / 16