![Results
Media Outlet Average
Retweets
Positive
Average
Negative
Average
Neutral
Average
MSNBC 85 93 35 83
Fox News 887 341 857 N/A
CNN 558 538 421 245
AP 410 177 305 475
Follow
Fox NewsVerified account@FoxNews
.@megynkelly: "[Clinton's] under pressure right now
to have a press conference and she hasn't had one
in 237 days."](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/davidkleiber-framingbias-171011121328/85/Analysis-of-Framing-Bias-in-Mass-Media-9-320.jpg)
Analysis of Framing Bias in Mass Media
- 1. Analysis of Framing Bias in Mass Media BY: DAVID KLEIBER
- 2. Introduction Media is an important tool to keep people informed, but downsides do exist Media can frame issues in a certain way, specifically in politics, that can lead to the priority being to tell the audience what is happening rather than informing An unbiased media is the best way to ensure a fair discussion can take place on important issues
- 3. Literature Framing is very similar to Agenda Setting, and was first proposed by Goffman (1974) who wrote that people interpret all the information they receive through their own framework Two different frameworks according to Goffman, Natural and Social Individuals will frame information whether they realize it or not One of the more common ways of researching framing is looking at how mass media frames their political coverage Pederson (2014) states that negative campaigning by politicians receives more media coverage than positive campaigning
- 4. Political Framing Groseclose and Milyo , Weaver and Wiljoit (1996) “A Measure of Media Bias” Findings suggest that 92% or 22 of 24 of the largest media outlets were found to have a liberal bias Only 2% of articles citing liberal think tanks told the audience of the firms ideological leanings, while 34% did so for conservative think tanks 8% of Washington Correspondents had a favorable view of George W. Bush in the 2004 election, while 51% of America voted for him For every one journalist that financially backed George W. Bush, 93 backed John Kerry
- 5. Political Framing Dunham (2007) researched framing in the paper “Framing the Right Suspects: Measuring Media Bias Looked at the six largest daily newspapers Data shows Conservative think tanks are 10 times more likely to have their ideological leaning cited 12 think tanks over 18 years Donated significantly more to Obama campaign compared to McCain This can influence which issues these firms decide to cover
- 6. Hypothesis/Research Questions My research is focused on the coverage of the 2016 Democratic National Convention, and whether or not framing bias occurred If CNN and MSNBC are liberal, then they will frame their coverage of the DNC and Hillary Clinton in an unfairly positive light If Fox News is conservative, then they will frame their coverage of the DNC in an unfairly negative light If the Associated Press is neutral, then they will cover the DNC in a neutral way
- 7. Method I designed a codebook to analyze tweets from four major news networks, CNN, Fox News, MSNBC, and the Associated Press 25 tweets from each in order to be able to compare the coverage of the DNC based on the different news outlets, and to see if any instances of framing occurred I wrote my codebook to code for the date of the post, amount of retweets, and how the tweet is framing Hillary Clinton, if at all, and a number of other variables
- 8. Results Media Outlet Positive Negative Neutral MSNBC 64% 12% 12% Fox News 8% 84% 0% CNN 76% 8% 8% AP 16% 16% 48% MSNBCVerified account@MSNBC Hillary Clinton fulfills her political destiny ht t p: // on.msnbc.com/2auY1Qq #DemConvention #Decision2016 #DNCinPHL MSNBCVerified account@MSNBC Clinton camp expecting convention bump: ht t p: // on.msnbc.com/2arp94e
- 9. Results Media Outlet Average Retweets Positive Average Negative Average Neutral Average MSNBC 85 93 35 83 Fox News 887 341 857 N/A CNN 558 538 421 245 AP 410 177 305 475 Follow Fox NewsVerified account@FoxNews .@megynkelly: "[Clinton's] under pressure right now to have a press conference and she hasn't had one in 237 days."
- 10. Findings/Conclusion Based on my findings, CNN and MSNBC framed Clinton in an unfairly positive light. Clinton was framed at times as being “destined” to become the first female president, and the only one that knows how to fix things Fox News framed Clinton in an unfairly negative light She was framed as being a corrupt, politically connected politician who hides away from media questioning These findings also show that, as Shapiro (2010) states, that people are more likely to like media that confirms their view