Analysis On The Result And Implication Of The Policy

Analysis On The Result And Implication Of The Policy
Analysis on the result and Implication of the Policy The Indonesian government has a keen
willingness to implement PNPM policy as a more successful public policy to focus on the poverty
problem rather than others. The implementation of PNPM takes about two years to show some
progress of success. As we can see from the table below, the number of poor people are decreasing
gradually every year.
However, the progress was showing a slow pace of decrease on the issue of poverty. There are
several drawbacks come from the current representation of the poverty issue. Firstly, there is a great
deal of misuse of the policy and miss–targeted of the loan/grant. "There were cases in which certain
people cheated to get the fund, by falsely including the names of the poor on the list of people who
submitted the program proposal, which the fund would then be used by the cheating non–poor for
their own benefit" (Syukri et al. 2013). While the approach is basically aims to protect poor people,
the failure of the system to properly reach the target ought to be viewed as a critical defect.
Secondly, the concern about PNPM policy is the lack of role of government institutions in poverty
reduction programs. "Integration among agencies put the authority for coordination between
programs has occurred communication patterns built personally only ranged between officials (head
of institution), has not been to the collective consciousness that actual matters coordinated are tasks,
roles and
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Promoting Environmental Stability For Poverty Reduction...
Topic 1: Promoting Environmental Stability for Poverty Reduction and sustainable Development
Introduction
In UNEP's Global Trends in Renewable Energy Investment in 2016 report, they discovered that the
developing world's investment in renewable energy now accounts for more than 50% of all
investments in renewable energies . As defined by the United Nations, sustainable development is
"development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs." Three central elements are crucial to achieve sustainable
development both on local and global scales, economic growth, social inclusion and environmental
protection. Social Inclusion, including poverty reduction, can be catalyzed by both economic growth
and environmental protection. Together, environmental protection and economic growth identify
both outcomes and further processes to improve the conditions in which people are both involved
and effected by society. However, despite the fact that each of these elements benefit the other,
governments, public and private business as well as individuals around the world continue to remain
oblivious to available methods and channels to attain social inclusion and sustainable development.
This guide will explore each of these elements of sustainable development and identify failed,
successful and current strategies.
Recent success has been achieved in all three elements due to the Millennium Development Goals
(MDGs).

Breaking the Cycle Ontario’s Poverty Reduction Strategy...
"Pretending that you forgot your lunch" "Being afraid to tell your mom that you need gym shoes at
school" (Network, 2007)
Child poverty is not something that is often discussed in Ontario, but it is a real issue for millions of
children that have to live it every day. Breaking the Cycle is a provincial program designed to
eliminate poverty by 25% in five years for children, their families and the overall community. In this
paper I will discuss the background of poverty in Ontario, and the people who are more likely to be
affected by it. Secondly, I will introduce a new provincial program called Breaking the Cycle:
Ontario's Poverty Reduction Strategy and the desired goals for the province of Ontario. Thirdly, I
will discuss the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
18). Nonetheless, Toronto's first street needs assessment, conducted in 2006, found that on a given
night a minimum of 5,052 people were homeless. More than 72% spent the night in a shelter, and a
minimum of 818 people spent the night on the street; among those surveyed, 42% had been
homeless for two or more years (Toronto. Shelter, Support and Housing Administration, 2006, p. 3,
13)" (Maxwell, 2009, p.7). Poverty has been known to affect certain groups harder than others;
people who are more at–risk of being struck by poverty include people with disabilities, children,
aboriginal people, single parents, and new Canadians. Poverty is not known to have one single
cause, instead it is a complex mix of causes based on each individual case. It can be the result of the
social assistance programs that families and individuals are forced to rely on as a mean of support,
perhaps cultural barriers stand in the way, or perhaps education, whatever the reason it is a difficult
cycle to break. There is a relationship between poverty and poor health, lower productivity, lower
educational attainment, and children's future outcomes. According to Maxwell (2009), Micro data
from the National Population Health Survey found that 73% of Canadians with the highest incomes
have reported their health as excellent, while 47% of Canadians with the lowest rated their overall
health as

Global Poverty Research Paper
In our world, there are currently 1.3 billion people living in extreme poverty. These individuals
manage to live on the equivalent of what you can purchase in the United States for $1.25. Imagine
what can be bought for $1.25 in an average city; perhaps a single soda, a small coffee, half of a
gallon of gas, or a single hot dog from a corner. There is a misconception that one can purchase
more with the same amount of money in an impoverished country than in the United States. In
reality, this number has been adjusted for purchasing power. This means that no matter where one is
in the world, $1.25 is sufficient for an individual to be able to make two simple meals. Ending world
poverty is a daunting challenge. Because is no one single cause ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
If we help countries help themselves, then there will eventually be little to no need for future aid.
Global poverty ends when the local economy is able to trade its way into an improved future. The
most significant alleviations of poverty have been seen in those countries that have been able to
create and trade goods. By building an industry and joining the global market, an impoverished
country can generate revenue to in turn be reinvested into the local economy. The current policies in
place limit the potential of poor countries to join this market and improve themselves. Reforming
trade negotiation and the limitations placed on the market will allow these smaller countries to
create their own sources of income.
Obviously there are countless causes of global poverty. Human greed alone can be blamed for much
of what goes wrong in the world today. However, if there are improvements in governance, aid,
immigration, and trade there is potential to significantly diminish that 1.3 billion people who
currently living on less than $1.25 a

A Plan For Reducing Poverty Through Debt Forgiveness
In 1995 James Wolfensohn was appointed president of the World Bank. With this new opportunity
he designed a plan in hopes of reducing poverty through debt forgiveness. The plan was called the
highly indebted poor countries (HIPC) initiative Countries would be eligible for this plan if they had
unsustainable debt, debt ranging from 200–250% of their export earnings. The first stage of HIPC
involved a structural adjustment for 3 years until the Decision Point was reached, if the debt was
still unsustainable there would be a 67% cancellation. The country would then enter stage two which
included another 3 years of adjustment until the completion point, 80% debt reduction and debt
owed to the IMF would be cancelled by taking out of the HIPC ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In 2001 Ghana began the process in hopes of qualifying for the highly indebted poor countries
(HIPC) relief initiative in hopes of gaining financial commitment to the Ghana Poverty reduction
Strategy (GPRS). The goal of the GPRS and HIPC was to increase food security and income as well
as welfare needs such as health, education, and water. Ghana's economy at the time was dealing with
high inflation, and declining exchange rate. "The HIPC initiative aims to reduce the NPV or net
present value of external debt to a maximum 150% exports or, for small open economies, to 250%
of government revenue at the time of HIPC completion point"(Afoom, N 2011). The main problem
most countries seem to face with regards to HIPC is whether or not debt sustainability is achievable
when it comes to low–income countries.
While the original HIPC initiative was quite successful in relieving debt and reaching Ghana's
completion point, the enhanced HIPC is believed to be what will keep them from falling back into
where they started. The enhanced HIPC initiative was born during the G& summit in Cologne,
Germany in 1999. The initiative not only helps develop the country but also puts into place
strategies that can be clearly used to reduce poverty. Funding for the initiative comes from two types
of creditors; bilateral and commercial, and multilateral creditors. With the new enhanced HIPC
initiative came new components and policies. The enhanced HIPC

Improving Health, Education, And The Environment
The MDGs identify–and quantify–specific gains that could be made to improve the lives of the
world's poor people. Their aim is to reduce poverty while improving health, education, and the
environment. These goals were endorsed by 189 countries at the September 2000 UN Millennium
General Assembly in New York. They focus on significant, measurable improvements for the efforts
of the World Bank Group, governments, other international organizations, and other partners in the
development community. The MDGs grew out of the agreements and resolutions that have resulted
from world conferences organized by the UN in the past 10–15 years. Each goal is to be achieved by
2015, with progress to be measured by comparison with 1990 levels. Although the ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
But providing assistance isn't limited to providing financial aid. Developing countries may also
benefit if trade barriers are lowered, hence allowing a freer exchange of goods and services.
Achieving the goals is an enormous challenge. Partnerships between the Bank Group, the UN
Development Group (UNDG), and other organizations, as well as between donors and developing
countries, are the only way to ensure coordinated and complementary efforts. The UNDG consists
of the many UN programs, funds, and agencies engaged in development assistance and related
activities. The Bank Group participates in the UNDG and supports its framework for greater
coherence and cooperation in UN development operations.
Strategic Framework
The Bank Group's strategic framework concentrates on the twin pillars of:
1. building an appropriate climate for investment, jobs, and sustainable growth so that economies
will grow,
2. Investing in and empowering poor people to participate in development.
In recent years, the executive directors have underscored the continued relevance of these priorities,
have reaffirmed the need for selectivity in the Bank Group's work, and have called for greater
collaboration with development partners. In order focus on those pillars, the executive directors
have standardized the operational policies, practices and procedures. Furthermore, they have
discussed the needs of meeting requests of low–income, heavily indebted and fragile countries. They
have also

The Overlooked Area Of Poverty Essay
The overlooked area
Looking at the MDGs as the whole, poverty reduction was the central theme in the development
agenda; it was aimed to cut in half proportion of the population living below $1 a day from around
30 percent of the developing countries by 2015 (United Nations, 2005). Even though these targets
have been almost achieved; it was predicted that there are about 825 million of citizen still live in
extreme poverty and 800 million still suffer from inadequate hunger (FAO, 2015). Thus, fighting
against poverty and hunger remains the enormous challenge. Then, an inevitable question arises as
to whether the persistence of poverty was well–defined. FAO (2015) also have noticed that extreme
poverty mainly occurs in rural areas where the majority of poor people depend on agriculture. The
condition of relying on agriculture means that primary source of food and income for those poor
people come from agriculture that they have made. Unfortunately, agriculture was not prioritized at
the goal and target levels. Agriculture was mentioned at the indicator level under target three of goal
eight (Develop a Global Partnership for Development). It was set to measure market access, which
was seen as a huge gap that agriculture was overlooked in the MDGs.
The relevance of agriculture to other goals
Relooking at the connection between agriculture and each of the goal is considered as a reflective
process for better implications in the next goal development. For goal 1, Eradicate

If I Were A Poor Black Kid Summary
Maxwell Kerman
English 110
Prof. Lehman
17 October 2016
Essay 2dI: Tighten the Grip on Poverty Reduction
Authors have presented different ways of characterizing poverty and the poor. Some are the major
efforts to provide the opportunity for the poor to escape poverty which resonates the principle that
the problem of poverty is in a large extent caused by the unequal distribution of the available
resources (World Bank Staff, paragraph 4). It was realized that there was a need to come up with a
standard figure to stand for the minimum wage which could be applied throughout the nation. The
people who lacked minimum income which was defined as the income that satisfactorily met their
basic needs were seen as poor. There exists a disparity in the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The idea of self–sufficiency program is an indication of a substantially improved poverty issue.
Other issues that cause poverty being addressed by the organizations are poor governance,
corruption, human rights, environmental degradation and unemployment. Important to note is that
the factors leading to poverty do not apply to all the persons and are characterized with inclination.
In this case, it is the less powerful in society who are

The Millennium Goal 3 : Promote Gender Equality And...
3.0 Statement of Findings This section of the report will highlight some background information on
the Millennium Goal 3: 'To Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women'. It will also look at the
impacts and consequences of any issues relating to this on society and the environment in Australia
and The Democratic Republic of Congo (refer to as DRC). 3.1 Background to Millennium
Development Goal 3: 'To Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women'. 3.1 The focus goal of
the report is Millennium Development Goal 3: 'To Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women'.
Information about this goal: The Millennium Development Goal 3 relates to giving women the same
opportunities in life, and equal access into education, politics and the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The way to improve gender equality in the DRC is to improve each of the following aspects:
Women's education Education for girls is the best investment a country can make. Once you educate
women they have fewer kids, earn more and put more back into their families health (in–text
referencing). Current statistics show that 7.3 million children are not in school in the DRC and
52.7% of those children are females (in–text referencing). This is due to community beliefs and such
harmful practices as child marriage and early pregnancy continue to tie girls to the home, doing
daily chores, rather than encouraging them to go to school (in–text referencing). A strategic way to
improve this issue is to enforce the current government to place education laws in the DRC such as
the contemporary laws in Australia. Equal representation in parliament Political representation for
women is incredibly low, with over 3,562,742,960 billion women in the world today (7:32pm
30/10/14) there is simply not enough women in power locally or internationally (in–text
referencing). World–wide, women make up approximately 15% of the worlds elected politicians
which is a main contributor for why females are the poorest of the poor (in–text referencing). This is
due to minority representation within governments around the

Is Ghana Adopt A Similar Strategy?
It is a well known fact that there cannot be a particular solution which could fix overnight the
problems of many developing economies, however owing to its nature and holistic characteristic; a
development oriented poverty alleviation is the much needed solution to see Ghana actually leap out
of her economic woes.
The example of Dingxi's anti poverty drive readily comes to mind and this paper highly
recommends that Ghana should adopt a similar strategy designed along her unique characteristics.
The next part of the chapter, discusses the experiences of Gansu Province / Dingxi as far as creating
the right atmosphere for poverty alleviation is concerned and lessons in it for Ghana.
5.1 PROFILE OF GANSU/ANDING DISTRICT DINGXI CITY.
5.1.1 GANSU PROVINCE
Gansu is located in the north–western part of China. It lies between the Tibetan and Huangtu
plateaus and borders Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, and Ningxia to its north, Xinjiang and Qinghai to
the west, Sichuan to the south and Shaanxi to the East. The yellow river passes through the southern
part of the province.
Gansu, an ethnic diverse province is made up of a population of 26.0334 million people, and has
about 54 different nationalities dwelling in the area (Gansu China 2004) Gansu covers an area of
425,800 km2 (164,400 sq m) and has Lanzhou as its capital (Gansu Provincial People 's
Government 2015).
The province is rich in the cultivation of a variety of agricultural products and herbal medicines, for
which reason it has

Influenced By Marxism And Imperialism
Influenced by Marxism and imperialism, Dependency writers sought to explain the high inequities
in the world economic system in terms of its distribution of power and resources and places most
nations in a dependent position in relation to the industrial powers. Dependency scholars basically
believe that less–developed countries will be unable to develop because the rich world uses them as
the equivalent of colonies. The major contention here is that the developing countries of the Global
South are hindered in their developmental efforts by their association (economic) with the
industrialized countries of the Global North.
Prominent scholars here include: Paul Baran and Paul Sweezy (Monopoly Capitalism, 1957/1960;
Fernando Henrique ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Free trade with minimal state intervention is the key tenet of neoliberal ideas driving most
international organizations. In the contemporary world characterized by open markets, US
hegemony, international organizations, regional cooperations and large inflows of foreign aids and
technologies in economically less developed states, national governments are increasingly
constrained in formulating and implementing policies that are deemed appropriate for their citizens.
I discuss below major developmental challenges in Africa (by extension other poor countries) which
have roots in contemporary imperial relations with the West. These include: debt burdens, structural
adjustment programmes, operations of multinational corporations and external aid.
Debt Burden
One of the greatest threats to development in most African countries is the huge debt stock and the
cost of servicing it. Large–scale borrowing in the 60s and 70s (in a bid to ensure welfare of the
citizens after colonialism) coupled with events in the world economy such as rising oil prices, rising
interest rates, falling commodity prices and global recession led to the Debt crisis of the early 80s
which left many poor countries with huge cost of servicing debts which still lingers today. Even
with the debt relief initiative of the World Bank and IMF about two

The Role Of Microfinance And Poverty Reduction Essay
3.1 Introduction
This chapter outlines the research methodology used in the study. It focuses on describing the
research philosophy and the design or approach the study adopted. In addition, it provides
explanation on sampling, data collection methods, data analysis and techniques adopted and validity
and reliability of the research findings.
3.2 Research Philosophy
In order to adequately explain the relationship between microfinance and poverty reduction, the
study adopted an interpretive approach. This is because, unlike the positivist approach which
assumes that the study of human behaviour is akin to the study of nature (Collis and Hussey, 2003),
the interpretive approach holds the view that how people go constructing social realities are based
less on factual realities but more on the ideas and the perceptions they hold about those realities.
According to Neuman (2007), interpretive approach offers a detailed description of a specific social
phenomenon, process or type of relationship. Thus the fact that most beneficiaries of microfinance
interventions assesses the impact of these interventions on their standards of living based on their
own perceptions and experiences that do not always align with the way others have interpreted
them, the study adopted this approach and using a case study of the operations of MASLOC in
delivering microfinance to the poor analysed the effectiveness of microfinance as a tool for poverty
reduction from the perspective of MASLOC

Caritas Monrovia
The Caritas &Development office Monrovia is the relief and development commission of the
Catholic Archdiocese of Monrovia. It is an expert in the areas of Sustainable Agriculture, Rural
Development cooperation and humanitarian aid or relief in Liberia with vast acknowledge and
experience. This organization was established in 1971 to provide support to the marginalized,
destitute and underprivilege people in the society in society who had lost hope because no one was
there to provide hope (CRITAS 2009). In the year 2007 as part of their development agenda Caritas
Monrovia which metamorphosed into Caritas & Development Office Monrovia to not only provide
charity but to also consider sustainable development of the human person( CARITAS
2008).Additionally, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Importantly, other reports and documents were cross checked from the five (5) Faith Based
Organizations as a way of making follow on responses gathered from the informants. The aim of
this is to have basic documents and reports that outlined the achievements and or development work
performed by Faith Based Organizations. In line with the above mentioned, the researcher identified
documents that address development works, such as strategies and programs report.
On the one hand, the qualitative interview method was adopted in this research. Interview is
considered as the best and highly attractive alternative to ethnography which need participants
extended and long period of observation (Bryman 2012, p. 469). As previously written, interview
was chosen in addition to document analysis to get direct and clear information from the five (5)
Faith Based Organizations

Objectives Of The Millennium Development Goals
The Millennium Development Goals are eight international development goals that have been
established by the United Nations (UN) in 2000. Due to the United Nations Millennium Declaration,
all 193 countries are 23 international organizations must be committed to help achieve the
Millennium Development Goals by 2015. There were 191 countries that have attended the UN
meeting and have agreed to help achieve the goals that are to reduce poverty, focus on health,
improved education, and the protection of environment. Also, there are 8 goals that have specific
targets and dates for achieving those targets. In this essay, the first development goal, 'To eradicate
extreme poverty and hungry' is going to be discussed and evaluate this economic issue in Eastern
Asia.
Eastern Asia has been at the center of 'economic miracle' due to fast economy development, poverty
in the region has been reduced by about two thirds. East Asia consists of 7 economies that are China,
Japan, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, Hong Kong and Taiwan. The developed countries in
the region of East Asia include Hong Kong, South Korea and Japan. Developed countries are
determined by GDP (Gross Domestic products) per capita, income per capita, standards of living,
economic growth, employment rate, gap between rich and poor, access to amenities including
education and health.
More than half of people in Asia were suffering from extreme poverty and hungry in the 1990s and
the standard of living was poor for the

Systematic Economic Change And Poverty Reduction
James Stewart
Matias Bianchi
LAS/POL 364
11/2/2015
Systematic Economic Change and Poverty Reduction: The Effects of Governance on Inequality
Liberalization is a term that has dominated the minds, and governments of Latin America from the
advent of the region–encompassing debt–crisis of the 1980s. Many reforms, with the idea of
opening up the market and reducing barriers to trade in order to increase growth, control inflation,
and reduce social unrest, have taken hold in the region in notable countries such as Mexico. In,
"Programs on Poverty and Inequality: Chile, Mexico, and Peru," John Sheahan explores the reasons
as to why liberalization programs have seemingly worked in some countries, and have had
lackluster effects in others. Chile, for example, is often cited as the shining beacon of economic
example in Latin America, and is also grouped in with the East Asian economies that developed to
the level of Western Europe from the 1980s onwards. Conversely, Mexico has had disappointing
growth that has never recovered to pre–1980s levels, along with social unrest and failures in
governance. This paper will explore the questions: Why does poverty persist so much in some
countries in the region e.g. Mexico, and Peru to a lesser extent, and why does it seem effectively
controlled in other parts, such as in Chile? Sheahan argues that direct social programs are increasing
in popularity as effective forms of controlling the negative effects of liberalization reforms, but that
they

Reduction Of Globalization And Poverty In Developing...
Reduction of Poverty In Developing Countries Globalization November 16th 2017
DVM 1100
Professor: Mahmoud Maraeli
Asiya Ismail
Introduction
"Globalization increases poverty" is a typical statement created by critics of globalization. In the
past century, a substantial number of developing countries have struggled with economic growth.
Globalization plays an essential role in the economy as it assists in elevating the GDP of the country
in questions and consequently leading to the diminished poverty level. This research seeks to
address the following fundamental concepts/ questions: what impact does globalization has in
developing countries in matters pertaining poverty reduction? The paper's structure is as follows.
The first section outlines the definition of globalization. The second section evaluates technological
advancement through reduction of poverty on globalization. The third section explains the essential
meaning of trade liberalization and the influence on development in Periphery countries. The fourth
section presents foreign direct investment linkage in globalization and poverty. The fifth section
explores the processes of development motives. The sixth section presents a case study that is
primarily connected to globalization impact on developing countries. Lastly, the seventh section
explains the impact of globalization on economic policy on developing economies.
What is globalization?
The term

Poverty : An Effective Means Of Population Control
As affluent as society is today, we must recognize the less fortunate and how they get there. As we
learn more about the poverty–stricken, we can understand them better to aid them and break the
cycle. Overwhelming amounts of people do not realize the global pandemic that poverty is today.
The statistics are heartbreaking. Over half of the children in the world live in poverty, and there are
nearly 2.2 billion children in the world. Campaigns have been established to recognize poverty
globally. The effectiveness of these campaigns remains relatively undisclosed, yet they are still
continuous. The methods used to advocate for and promote awareness for poverty vary depending
on the community, this, as a result, ultimately determines the impact of the poverty campaigns.
Poverty is a major global issue in today's society. It also has a broad definition as it is very complex
and cannot be specifically defined. Poverty is circumstance–dependent. According to Sharif
Mohammed, author of Poverty Reduction – An Effective Means of Population Control, "Poverty is a
multidimensional condition of human survival, not just a measure of deficiency in income. It is
generally defined in relation to a minimum standard of decent living. The levels of living below this
are referred to as survival standards. Failure to attain and enjoy the standard is called absolute
poverty." Millions around the world are affected by poverty and it's an issue that has plagued the
globe for centuries. Different

Poverty Reduction Action Plan for Haiti
Poverty Reduction Action Plan
Poverty Overview In 2001, more than 50 percent of the Haitian population (the 4 million of the 8
million civilians) lived border line of absolute poverty, making US$1 per person ( or 41.984 Haitian
gourde) per day. Roughly 1 out of every ten people hardly make US$2 per person each day and
those who do not make or receive more than US$2 are considered poor.
Haiti has fallen from position 146 in 2000, to 153 in 2005 on the human development scale
according to Demographic Center of Latin America and Caribbean and having less than 60 percent
of life expectancy at birth.
Infant malnutrition, per capita income, and living conditions decreased between 2000 and 2005,
though have increased in the years up to 2010.
The Republic of Haiti, had reached its peak in 2010 from the 12 earthquake leaving people faced
with the dire consequences of poverty and living conditions plummeting.
Reconstruction, Growth, and Development
There have been many progressions in Haiti, especially the increase progress in 2011–2014 years
post 12 earthquake that harshly destroyed the country as a whole. With the granted $1 billion from
the IMF chair and finance committee, more major activity can circulate throughout the Republic of
Haiti for surrounding development, regardless of the little amount it is to create a major significant
difference by itself. Investing the $1 billion in regards to reconstruction, growth, development in
macroeconomic rebuilds, civil and

Bill Gates : The World Will Never Run Short Of Those !
Susan: So what future challenges do you expect to face in the coming future, Mr. Gates?
Bill Gates: You mean apart from facing the critics (laughs)?
Susan: Ah, the world will never run short of those! (laughs)!
Bill Gates: Well I feel like we as human beings cause the greatest of harm to ourselves. I am quite
concerned about the man–made climate change occurring due to deforestation, spreading of
pollution and waste and other similar actions. The climate change will have the greatest impact on
the population dependent upon agricultural activities. The poor farmers will suffer the most since
crops will be ruined and their earnings will be lost. But I have a plan to tackle this challenge; I have
planned to spend about $2 billion towards supporting green technology. My foundation will work
closely with the agricultural sectors and focus on inculcating innovation in this sector (Eveleth R.,
2014).
Susan: You are the man with the plan Mr. Gates!
Bill Gates: But I have to admit Susan, that I need support from the Government as well as Private
Sectors. I would request rich countries to increase their aid to poorer countries. And companies that
are working in technology, I would like to see them encourage their top innovators to dedicate some
time towards solving problems and issues of the poorer countries (Wired, 2013). I am in contact
with the US and French Government and extremely hopeful that they will fund energy innovation
which will help in making green energy available at

Peter Singer Is Wrong
Thesis: Singer is wrong, I do not have a moral obligation to donate to global poverty relief.
Explanation: Peter Singer's argument about global poverty can be broken down into three distinct
steps. The first is easily accepted. Nearly everyone can agree that starvation, lack of shelter and a
scarcity of medical care is a bad thing. His next is also frequently acknowledged. If we are able to
donate without sacrificing anything morally significant we morally ought to do so. However, it's
Singer's third ideal where he loses most people, including myself. In his third premise he states that
by donating to aid agencies, we can prevent suffering from lack of food, shelter and medical care
without sacrificing anything morally significant. But that arises the question. What is considered
morally significant? Moral significance varies from one person to another making it nearly
impossible to determine a universal constant everyone can follow. Along with that, this premise
speaks entirely towards a financial donation of giving money to aid agencies. This again raises
speculation and concern as to how much money is morally significant to give away from one person
to another.
Argument: My biggest concern with Singer's premise of having a moral obligation ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Now I don't disagree with this statement. I too think that poverty should be dealt with on an even
playing field. But the fact of the matter is that it is not. The United States, along with other wealthy
nations does not receive funds at the same rate as other nations. Poverty stricken countries in Africa
are the most common territories to receive aid. Therefore, this argument becomes insignificant. If
we are to be treating poverty on the global scale, each person dealing with poverty should be
granted, not just the extremely poor

The World Poverty Runs Rampant
People fear tangible and visible things, places they have been and never wish to return like the old
scary basement locked in darkness. Yet, poverty remains abstract, unknown, and even unfathomable
to most. Across the world poverty runs rampant as 3 billion people live on less than $2.50 per day
and more than 1.3 billion live in extreme poverty on less than $1.50 per day. These are not abstracts,
but facts so let me repeat myself, 1.3 billion people, part of the human race whose DNA contain the
same sequences as everyone on this planet live in extreme poverty; where food, medical treatment,
and clean water remains a luxury. To help put this in prospective look at an old budgetary game of
time and numbers.
Just like most people do not fully fathom the difference between million and billion, more
developed societies neither fully understand the severity of the condition, nor do they understand the
magnitude of its impact. These problems are pushed aside and 22, 000 children each day die.
In 2014, Ebola outcry garnered visible top spots in media coverage leading the US among others to
send ground personal to contain the crisis. Across developing countries malaria and tuberculosis
receives billions upon billions of dollars from both multinationals like the Global Fund and
individual donors like the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. William Easterly (2006) would call
them "goodhearted," as they misunderstand the major impetus of catastrophe. Diseases kill millions
of

Reduction Of Poverty In Antyyodaya
Poverty is a huge issue in the United States because many people are not aware of the issue itself.
Usually, the media portrays the issue of poverty in other countries. For example, there are
advertisements on tv or cashiers in stores that tend to persuade people to donate money to those in
need in underdeveloped countries. Instead of being able to help one another in America, everyone is
focused about the international problems, therefore we remain clueless of the growing problem in
our own nation. This is harmful for this situation because our attention is diverted away from a
major issue that should be targeted right away.
In India, poverty is a terrifying issue. Over the years, the rates of the those suffering from the
inability of having access to the essentials of life have fluctuated. The government of India has
launched several programs to alleviate the poverty. First of all, the government has relied on three
approaches for reduction of poverty. According to Smriti Chand, these include: 1) quest of higher
economic growth, 2) direct anti–poverty programs and 3) high priority to government expenditure
on social sectors, (2014). Most importantly, some of the programs that have been launched are:
Antyodaya Plan and the Twenty Point Program. These are two of the twenty–one programs that's
have been created to resolve poverty in India. The Antyyodaya Plan is one that is designed to
provide subsidized food to millions of poor families. This was launched by the NDA

Poverty and Its Causes in Pakistan
Poverty and its causes
In Pakistan
Submitted by:
Muhammad Ahmad Adil
Submitted to:
Ms. Mehwish
Submitted date:
8th February 2012
Assignment
Topic: Poverty In Pakistan
Management sciences Department
Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan
2012
www.awkum.edu.pk
February 8, 2010
Ms. Mehwish
Teacher, Economy of Pakistan
Abdul Wali Khan University
Mardan

Madam
I am herewith present my Assignment authorized by you as a requirement for this course.
In this assignment, I have tried to provide updated information about Poverty In Pakistan.
I hope I have ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In a world of six billion people, one billion have 80 percent of the income and five billion have less
than 20 percent. This issue of global imbalance is at the core of the challenge to scale up poverty
reduction.
Case of Pakistan: Poverty has many dimensions in Pakistan. People have not only low incomes but
they also are suffering from lack of access over basic needs. The major challenge of today is poverty
reduction. In Pakistan, Poverty Reduction Strategy was launched by the government in 2001 in
response to the rising trend in poverty during 1990s. It consisted of the following five elements:–
(a) Accelerating economic growth and maintaining macroeconomic stability.
(b) Investing in human capital.
(c) Augmenting targeted interventions.
(d) Expanding social safety nets.
(e) Improving governance. The net outcome of interactions among these five elements would be the
expected reduction in transitory and chronic poverty on a sustained basis. The reduction in poverty
and improvement in social indicators and living conditions of the society are being monitored
frequently through large– scale household surveys in order to gauge their progress in meeting the
targets set by Pakistan for achieving the seven UN Millennium Development Goals by

Aid For The United States
Aid is defined as a voluntary transfer of resources from one government to another independent
government, but to what extent should a country help. It is known that aid can be in the form of
debt, food, or cash. Often in today's world population many people agree or disagree with helping
countries receive aid. The ones who don't agree think that by giving a country aid, it makes them
lazier and gives them no incentive. It also creates a corrupt government. But to the ones who do
agree they think that by giving aid it helps a country in becoming stable more democratic. But with
the amount given to these countries year after year, you sometimes begin to question government
funding. How do most political officials decide which country should receive aid, when each
country is different. The United States for example has used aid as a political tool to keep political
interest in certain countries, but has it been effective. The article "who gives foreign aid to whom
and why?" written by Alberto Alesina and David Dollar shows five major donor countries. Both
authors for example state that the United States gives aid based on political interest specifically to
the Middle East, the article also states that "Benefits of foreign aid have recently been under severe
scrutiny. Several observers argue that a large portion of foreign aid flow from developed to
developing countries is wasted and increases unproductive public consumption. Poor institutional
development, corruption,

Impact of Foreign Remittances on Economic Growth and...
INTRODUCTION:
Remittances typically refer to transfers of money by foreign workers to their home countries.
Remittances are not a new phenomenon in the world, being a normal associated to migration which
has always been a part of human history. Remittances are playing an important role in the
economies of many developing and low income countries. Pakistan is a labour abundant country;
hence, as neoclassical theory shows, if workers are unable to find jobs and/or wages to satisfy their
needs, they will look elsewhere. Pakistan's history provides us with a new trend of emigration nearly
each decade. Remittance is an important source of foreign exchange earnings for Pakistan since
1970. During the past four decade Pakistan received ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Source: Qayyum et.al (2008).
During the last three decades, Pakistan received a significant amount of worker's remittances, which
are sent by millions of Pakistanis working abroad. For capital deficient countries, like Pakistan,
worker's remittances are considered to be an important source of foreign exchange. These
remittances have a positive impact on Pakistan's economy through improved balance of payments
position and reduced dependence on external borrowing. Significant flows of remittances also
helped Pakistan recover from the adverse effects of oil price shocks, reduced the unemployment
problem, and improved standard of living of recipient households.
Remittances in Pakistan decreased to 3863 USD Million in the fourth quarter of 2013 from 3927
USD Million in the third quarter of 2013. Overseas Pakistani workers remittances grew by 9.46
percent to $7,790.02 million in the first half (July–December) of the current fiscal year 2013–14
(FY14) as against $7,116.75 million received during the same period of last fiscal year (July–
December FY13), State Bank of Pakistan statistics stated.
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY:
To analyze the impact of remittances on poverty and economic growth.
To recommend a policy to improve for economic

Antrhopology's Importance to Poverty Alleviation
Anthropology is the study of what makes us distinctively human, including culture. Culture is the
system of human behaviors that is shared, patterned, learned, symbolic, and adaptive. Culture is a
unique human capacity, which every society has but varies considerably across them. Culture
comprises the myriad possible ways that human societies allow individuals address (and allow them
to fulfill) their biological needs. As such, culture demonstrates how nothing human is ever 100%
biological and hence is affected by context. The job of an anthropologist is to understand how
different elements of a culture complement each other and create a cohesive worldview. Because of
anthropologists' capacity to examine the cultural lens of a society, their presence can ensure that the
development project has the highest likelihood of success within the unique cultural context of its
implementation. Anthropologists look at modes of organization and frames of meaning to carefully
construct a cohesive cosmology for the culture they are studying. Modes of organization refer to the
ways in which human societies are constructed and the composition of its social role relationships.
This could include studies of political, family, and economic structure – and how these interactions
influence each other. This is particularly important for poverty alleviation efforts because, as Paul
Farmer points out in Anthropology of Structural Violence, economic, social, and political systems of

Analysis of Gilberto M. Llanto and Marife M. Ballesteros’s...
The effects of Land issues to poverty
The Philippines has always been an agricultural country. This can be an effect of the country's
tropical weather. According to the World Bank, in 2009, the country has 40% of agricultural land
area. The country's economy has been dependent on agricultural production. The country's
agriculture sector is made up of 4 sub–sectors: farming, fisheries, livestock, and forestry, which
together employ 39.8 percent of the labor force and contribute 20 percent of GDP. Farmers work
under the sun's heat in order to feed the mouths of not only their families who are under poverty but
also the millions of Filipinos.
Land issues have always been a problem in the country. There would still be numerous reports on
killings because of undistributed land. There would always be problems on housing loans and grants
from the government. In effect, our Filipino farmers would still work under the same landowners
and would be deprived of developing their own lives.
In Gilberto M. Llanto and Marife M. Ballesteros's article, "Land Issues in Poverty Reduction
Strategies and the Development Agenda: Philippines", it shows how land problems in the country
can affect the alleviation of poverty. According to the author, there are five critical land issues.
These are the following: (1) unclear and inconsistent land policies; (2) inefficient land
administration infrastructure; (3) highly politicized land tax system; (4) inefficient agrarian reform
program;

Philippines' Anti-Poverty Program Through Peoples'...
PHILIPPINES ANTI–POVERTY PROGRAM
THROUGH PARTICIPATORY PLANNING
Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School
University of St. La Salle
Bacolod City
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements In:
Rural Development Management
Professor: Dr. Enrique Paderes, PhD.
Greg C. Villanueva
2010
TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No.
Title Page ..................................................................................
Table of Contents........................................................................ 1
List of Figures........................................................................... 2
PART I A. BACKGROUND OF THE PHILIPPINES' PREVIOUS AND CURRENT PHILIPPINE
ANTI–POVERTY PROGRAMS....... 3 B. ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT PHILIPPINES ANTI–
POVERTY PROGRAM................................................... 12 C. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Slow economic growth combined with a still high population growth has kept the Philippines' per
capita income lagging behind those of its regional neighbors. The urgency to recover lost ground is,
therefore, clear. Although the economy has improved, the growth forecast for the immediate future
is less reassuring. The challenge is how to stay on course and sustain the momentum in the face of
what appears to be a prolonged slowdown in the world economy and the precarious state of public
finances. To meet this challenge, the Philippine Government has formulated a macroeconomic
program for stability and growth with equity. At the core of this program is a poverty reduction
agenda anchored on redistributing economic opportunities, protecting the vulnerable, and enhancing
the capabilities of the poor to participate in decision–making. The nature, composition and causes of
poverty in the Philippines as well as the responses required to eliminate poverty have been discussed
amongst representatives of Government, civil society, the private sector, and the international donor
community at several forums. The most important among these forums are the five island–wide

multi–sectoral consultation workshops to discuss the draft NAAA in 2000, the Employment Summit
in Manila in March 2001, and the various consultative meetings and workshops for the

Lack Of Education For Children
INTRODUCTION;
This is the situation where one lacks a particular amount of money or even a material possessions.
Type Absolute poverty; where one is underprivileged of the basic human needs such as water, food,
clothing, shelter, health care, education etc. some people in the society face poverty more because of
lack of employments or unequal opportunities, this is more in the case of families than other
members of the societies. In the family there is the man, woman and children. This may also result
to lack of education for the younger ones (children). A lot of reasons can cause family poverty,
including under–employment and Unemployment. Some may inherit poverty because they are born
into a Particular social group defined by poverty Families who form the working group may have
one or both parents working at or near the minimum wage. Sometimes the issue is not poor the
children but poverty in families they appear to come from.
ECONOMIC SITUATION;
In 2006, the percentage of lone–parent families were 16% for families in Canada, and 18% of
children under age 15 who lives with their lone parents. In the Mid 2001 and 2006, the number of
lone–parent families in Canada enlarged by 8%, and the numbers of male and female lone–parent
families enlarged by 15% and 6% . Female lone–parent numbered 1.1 million and accounted for
80% of lone–parent families in Canada. Lone–parent families constantly experience higher rates of
low income than other family types. in 2007, the rate of low

Global Poverty And The Dependency Model
My desire to see the prosperity of sub–Saharan Africa, has always propelled me to speculate how a
continent abundant of natural resources, is the poorest inhabited continent in the world. The
Millennium Development Goals, further stimulated my interest in international development as I
began to ensue this progress during my undergraduate studies. Having made numerous visits to
Ethiopia 's capital Addis Ababa, or the "African Tiger", I have witnessed deep socio–economic
issues despite the increasing GDP (gross domestic product) due to the economic regeneration.
Studying my Bachelors Politics degree, introduced me to inter–governmental institutions and
government functions, which has supplied me with a solid background to infiltrate my study of
international development. Throughout the course of my undergraduate studies, I discovered the
Global Politics and Solidarity, Cosmopolitanism and Global Justice modules to be the most
enlightening, heavily focusing on development issues such as poverty and climate change. For this
purpose, my undergraduate research topic focused on Global Poverty and the Dependency Model.
During this research, I sourced documents relating to dependency theorist, Andre Gunder Frank who
argues that the developed states perpetuate the conditions of underdevelopment to promote their
own development.
My exploration into the development realm of global politics, enforced my 6–month internship at
GOAL Ethiopia (an international NGO). During my position as a

The National Target Program For Sustainable Poverty...
Analysis of the National Target Program for Sustainable Poverty Reduction (NTP–PR)
The NTP–PR has contributed substantially to the reduction of poverty in Vietnam. Between 2006–
2010 the program gave out 6.2 million preferential loans, and between 2007–2009 the program
provided vocational training to roughly 100,000 poor workers, resulting in roughly 60 percent of
those trained gaining employment or becoming self–employed. Between 2006–2010, 10 million
students received total exemption of tuition, and 2.8 million impoverished ethnic minority children
received free textbooks for school. What is more, an estimated 62 million individuals, 90 percent of
whom were poor, received free health insurance cards in the same five–year period. The ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The rationale of focusing on education is that, as demonstrated by Banerjee and Duflo's work,
improving education tends to create numerous positive externalities manifest both in health
outcomes and in national economic growth.
Policy 1: Implement a CCT program to increase school attendance among the rural poor.
You should implement a CCT program, based on Columbia's successful Familias en Acción, in
towns with fewer than 100,000 people, with strict conditions placed on both participating towns and
families. First, towns must contain educational and health infrastructure to support individuals to
meet the conditions of the program detailed. Towns also must include a bank, and an official with
whom the central government can communicate. Second, parents must bring participating children
to regular development check–ups, enabled by the health infrastructure mentioned above. Moreover,
school–aged children must attend 80 percent of classes for the household to receive an additional
monthly transfer.
Transfers should be based on estimates of basic nutritional costs per person in each of the qualifying
towns. Additional education transfers should be based on a fraction of this initial nutritional transfer,
commensurate with the costs of living in each town.
Under this program, household consumption will increase, school attendance will increase, and
healthcare check–ups will

Poverty Reduction In Latin America
Latin America and the Caribbean countries have risen against the challenge of Poverty Reduction,
and shown commendable progress with 8.5% of the population rising to the middle class level in the
last decade, but 42.12% still live in the dreads of poverty. IDB via its Division of Social Protection
and Health works with people who live below the poverty line or are shunned by society and aims to
provide them with opportunities of education and labour. IDB–financed programs help in reducing
racial and ethnic inequalities on many fronts. Poverty Reduction requires achieving and sustaining
strong levels of economic growth, but that growth will be considered invalid if it does not spread out
to all the sections of society. The Bank aims at improving lives of people by increasing nutrition,
educational possibilities, fostering social inclusion and maintaining a long lasting and just social ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The majority of the population which lives in the rural areas is below the poverty line. The Victims
and Land Restitution Law was passed in June 2011, where monetary compensation was provided to
the ones who were in loss of property due to the conflict and violence involving outlawed armed
groups and drug cartels, but Economic Inequality remains an issue, as there still exist many who
depend on agriculture as their daily bread and many who are still landless and unemployed . There is
a high degree of illiteracy in the rural areas, whereas the urban areas are comparatively more
developed and established, but they only comprise of less than 30% of the total population.
According to the World Bank, Colombia's Gini coefficient (a measurement of inequality in wealth
distribution) was 0.587 in 2000 and 0.559 in 2010, ranking alongside Brazil and Bolivia as the most
unequal Latin American countries in terms of wealth

Diverty And Poverty In Bangladesh
Bangladesh is one of the most densely populated as well as the eighth largest country in the world
with a total population of 168, 957, 745 and it encompasses an area of 1, 47, 570 square kilometers
(CIA World Fact Book, 2016). Bangladesh economy is not big enough to support such a vast
population and high incidence of poverty is the ultimate result. According to the household income
and expenditure survey, 17.6 percent (approximately 25 million) of the population were found to be
under the poverty line (HIES, 2010). In this context, poverty is still a vital concern and challenge for
Bangladesh. In view of the poverty situation in Bangladesh, the government's major development
objective is to create more employment in order to secure incomes and thereby reduce poverty.
Because of the structure of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Bangladesh, which are mainly
labor–intensive and the development of SMEs is considered to be the most effective contribution to
the eradication of poverty.
The population in Bangladesh is predominantly rural, with almost 70% of the population living in
the rural area (BBS, 2012). The incidence of poverty is higher in rural areas than that of the urban
areas and the rate of decrease of poverty is also higher in rural areas (1.24 percent) than that of the
urban areas (1.13 percent) (HIES, 2010).
There are many enterprises that operate successfully in rural areas and can provide guidance to other
enterprises with respect to

Higher Education and Poverty Reduction Among the Youth
HIGHER EDUCATION AND POVERTY REDUCTION AMONG THE YOUTH
BY
OKUNOLA, PHILIP OLAYIDE (Ph.D),
ONYENE.V.E(Ph.D.)(frontisresource@yahoo.com)
SUBAR, S.TAYO.
ASHIRU, AL–MAHROOF OLASEEWO (sirmooree@yahoo.ca)
PAPER PRESENTED AT THE 8TH REGIONAL CONFERENCE OF HIGHER EDUCATION
RESEARCH POLICY NETWORK
VENUE: INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR TROPICAL AGRICULTURE (IITA), IBADAN
AUGUST, 2008
ABSTRACT
Education in Nigeria and higher education in particular, are fundamental to the construction of a
knowledge economy and worthwhile society in any nation hence, from a global perspective,
economic, political, technological and social developments are increasingly driven by the
advancement and application of knowledge, skills ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is corroborated by Gay 2005, who opined that poverty can only be eliminated if the students to
whom implicit promises are being by urging them to attend school actually receive some tangible
benefit for their years spent in school.
Higher education includes teaching, research and social service activities of universities, and within
the realm of teaching, it includes both the undergraduate level (sometimes referred to as tertiary
education and the graduate school). Higher education generally involves work towards a degree
level or foundation for degree qualification. In most developed countries a high proportion of the
population (up to 50%) now enters higher education is therefore every important to national
economy, both as a source of trained and educated personnel for the rest of the economy. Schofield,

K. 1999.
Higher education is based on theoretical expertise. It might be contrasted with higher vocational
education, which concentrates on both practice and theory. Deciding to further education

Globalization: Rich Nations Must Support Poor Nations Essay
"Globalization creates new challenges and opportunities for those people who are of greatest
concern to the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement – that is, the Disadvantaged. The
humanitarian players – that is, the UN system and its organizations, the Red Cross Red Crescent,
NGOs – have several roles to play in relation to globalization. We should monitor the impact of
globalization and help governments to strengthen safety nets and provide basic social services.
We must reinforce our efforts to address the needs of vulnerable people and we must adapt our
methods of assistance and do all we can to prevent additional, or new, groups from becoming
vulnerable. We need a stronger commitment to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
12 developing countries account for some 70% of exports from the developing world and they
receive more than 90% of the investment flowing from developed to developing countries. These
countries are mainly located in Latin America and Asia – none of them in Africa. There is a real risk
of exclusion and further marginalization of countries and people. This is cause for real concern
within the humanitarian agencies and this particular topic will be addressed at the forthcoming UN
Conference on Least Developed Countries to be held in
Brussels next month. Humanitarian players need to to advocate forcefully in favour of inclusion for
these least developed countries. The International Federation believes that more countries can take
advantage of globalization if the international trading system is based on equitable trade rules,
transparency and reduced trade barriers. The new WTO Round planned to start later this year will
address the further development of the international trade regime. I do hope it earns its nickname –
"the development round". It is vital that all countries have a say in setting the agenda for the new
Round and its implementation. The poorer countries should seize that opportunity to influence the
terms of international trade. And we must be ready to facilitate their participation, to enable them to
make necessary adaptations and take advantage of new trade

Global Health Agendas And Domestic Government 's Health...
This is where I examine the "intersection" of global health agendas and domestic government's
health policies. Recipient countries are encouraged to claim ownership for development strategies,
and one way is through Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSP). These papers would be
published and submitted to the International Monetary Fund (IMF) or World Bank every few years
detailing where a country has come from and its strategy in the short or medium term to reach
poverty reduction goals.
The PRSP goals for both countries are aligned with the MDGs. However, although Liberia and
Sierra Leone had similar health objectives in their PRSPs, the outcomes for both countries are
different. Internationally, Liberia was heralded as making the greatest progress in its health status as
it had the highest increase of life expectancy in the world (19.7 years) from 1990 to 2012 (WHO
2013). According to Nkwanga (2015), international donors used Liberia's achievement as proof of
success of the aid programs. Sierra Leone on the other hand did not garner the same achievements
with these performance–based measures. According to Health Poverty Action's report (Sharples
2015), Sierra Leone ranks very low on the Human Development Index at 183 out of 187 countries.
It had a high infant mortality rate of 107 deaths per 1,000 live births and 1165 maternal deaths for
every 100,000 live births, one of the highest maternal mortality rates in the world (Sharples 2015 p.
4). However, the turmoil,

Aspects of Economic Reforms in the Nigerian Fourth Republic
ASPECTS OF ECONOMIC REFORMS IN THE NIGERIAN FOURTH REPUBLIC
BY
ADEBAYO, A. ADEKUNLE E–mail : mayowa2000ng@yahoo.com
&
YUSUF M.0 (MRS)
DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS
MICHAEL OTEDOLA COLLEGE OF PRIMARY EDUCATION, NOFORIJA,
P.M.B. 1028, EPE, LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA.
ASPECTS OF ECONOMIC REFORMS IN THE NIGERIAN FOURTH REPUBLIC
ABSTRACT
In Nigeria, the return to democratic rule in 1999 led to a myriad of programmes and strategies that
were aimed at refocusing the face of the economy so as to resolve the difficulties which years of
military rule had placed on it. This reform was, conceptualized principally in the form of a medium
term development strategy called the National Economic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The goals were four viz, poverty reduction, wealth creation, employment generation and value re–
orientation. Its main strategies were public sector reforms; privatization/liberalization; transparency,
accountability, efficiency, waste reduction and service delivery in governance; anti–corruption;
infrastructure development in key sectors; coherent and consistent trade policy; explicit sectoral
strategies for agriculture and SMEs; social charter for human development in education, health,
housing, employment and youth development; gender and geo–political balance adjustment; safety
nets such as pension reform; etc (Nigerian Economic Society, 2004: 8 –11). The key feature of the
programme was the promotion of the private sector as the engine for economic growth in terms of
wealth creation, employment generation and poverty reduction while government acts as a
facilitator / regulator, and the re–orientation of people towards hard work / efficiency, transparency
and accountability and selfless service to the nation. NEEDS proposed a 5% – 7% growth in GDP
within 3 years, 5% reduction in poverty rate per year between 2003 and 3007, single digit inflation,
70% capacity utilization and increase in power generation from 6000 megawatts to 10000
megawatts. As a development policy document, NEEDS was commended by many. The document

is all embracing. It gave consideration to the vital policy areas of the national life and is multi–
sectoral

Rwanda Case Study
Rwanda has a relatively poor infrastructure, transportation costs for imports and exports are among
the highest in the world. The nation lacks a connection to regional railway networks, which limits all
trades are processed by road or air. Non–tariff barriers add to elevated transportation costs leading to
inflated prices of domestically manufactured products, as majority of raw materials processed for
manufacturing need to be imported. Energy costs, at $0.24 per kilowatt–hour which well surpasses
the rates in other East African countries. Annual per capita income at USD 697 in 2015. A shortage
of skilled labor containing accountants, lawyers, technicians, and other skilled professions.
Increased interest rates and exceptionally restricted ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In order to accomplish this, the Government of Rwanda has come up with a medium–term strategy:
(The second Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy (EDPRS 2) outlines its
overarching goal of growth acceleration and poverty reduction through four thematic areas:
economic transformation, rural development, productivity and youth employment, and accountable
governance.) The EDPRS 2 aims to: increase gross domestic product (GDP) per capita to $1,000;
decrease the percentage of the population living below the poverty line to below 30%; and reduce
the percentage of the population living in extreme poverty to less than 9%. These goals build on
astonishing developmental successes over the last decade that consist of high growth, rapid poverty
reduction and reduced inequality. Between 2001and 2015, real GDP growth averaged at about 8%
per annum.
Moving forward, the private sector must play a bigger role in verifying economic growth. Poor
infrastructure and insufficient access to electricity are a few of the major limitations to private
investment. Investment depends heavily on foreign aid, with secure inflows critical to keep the
current investment rate high at about 25% of GDP. Decreasing the country's dependency on foreign
aid through domestic resource mobilization and promoting domestic savings is seen as essential.
In order to address these challenges, Rwanda's government must launch measures to

Bangladesh Is On The Right Track
Faris Azhan Roslizan
Dr. Rachel Osgood
Human Systems – Section H
October 16, 2015
Bangladesh is on The Right Track Bangladesh, the eight most populated country in the world has
been plagued by poverty for a long time. In the year 2000, the United Nations created the
Millennium Development Goals, the purpose was to decrease extreme poverty by 2015. Thus, when
Goal 1; eradicating extreme poverty and hunger was included in the project, Bangladesh was
targeted as the country is overpopulated and has a high rate of unemployment. A considerable
number of Bangladeshi chose to migrate to other Asian countries in hopes of better life. Bangladesh
has made commendable progress in achieving the MDGs, especially in alleviating poverty. The first
MDG of eradicating extreme poverty and hunger is possible for Bangladesh to achieve due to
efficient government programs, assistance from NGOs, and the positive impact of migration.
Understanding the factors that causes Bangladesh to be a poor country is vital. The main cause is
overpopulation. Bangladesh is considered a small country when compared to it 's population of more
than 150 million people. Therefore, the resources cannot be distributed equally. Bangladesh is also a
country that is prone to natural disasters such as floods. Many of the rural poor live in areas that are
exposed to extreme annual flooding which will lead to devastating damage to their crops, homes and
livelihoods. The victims often resort to moneylenders, which doesn

Analysis On The Result And Implication Of The Policy

More Related Content

Similar to Analysis On The Result And Implication Of The Policy (14)

More from Crystal Torres (20)

Recently uploaded (20)

Analysis On The Result And Implication Of The Policy