Analytical Modelling of Power Efficient Reliable Operation of Data Fusion in Wireless Sensor Network

International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE)
Vol. 8, No. 6, December 2018, pp. 4637~4645
ISSN: 2088-8708, DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v8i6.pp4637-4645  4637
Journal homepage: http://iaescore.com/journals/index.php/IJECE
Analytical Modelling of Power Efficient Reliable Operation of
Data Fusion in Wireless Sensor Network
Jayasri B. S., G. Raghavendra Rao
Department of Computer Science, National Institue of Engineering, India
Article Info ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received Jun 9, 2016
Revised Nov 20, 2016
Accepted Dec 11, 2016
Irrespective of inclusion of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) in majority of
the research proposition for smart city planning, it is still shrouded with some
significant issues. A closer look into problems in WSN shows that energy
parameter is the origination point of majority of the other problems in
resource-constrained sensors as well as it significant minimizes the reliability
in standard sensory operation in adverse environment. Therefore, this
manuscript presents a novel analytical model that is meant for establishing a
well balance between energy efficiency over multi-path data forwarding and
reliable operation with improved network performance. The complete
process is emphasized during data fusion stage to ensure data quality too. A
simulation study has been carried out using benchmarked test-bed of
MEMSIC nodes to find that proposed system offers good energy
conservation process during data fusion operation as well as it also ensure
good reliable operation in comparison to existing system.
Keyword:
Energy
Optimization
Predictive
Reliability
Wireless Sensor Network
Copyright © 2018 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science.
All rights reserved.
Corresponding Author:
Jayasri B. S.,
Department of Computer Science,
National Institute of Engineering, Mysore, India.
Email: jayasriphd14ni@gmail.com
1. INTRODUCTION
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) suits well for performing extraction of physical attributes from the
environmental surrounding where it is quite challenging (and sometime impossible) for humans to go [1].
Some of the widely known application of WSN includes monitoring of habitat, tactical information
acquisition in military, healthcare-based application, industrial application, etc. [2]. Although, there are
reported usages of sensory application since last decades, but there are lots of difference between
commercially available products and what is discussed in research-papers. The fact is only 10-30% of the
features discussed in research-based papers actually make is way to the commercial application owing to
various form of non-disclosed challenges associated with sensory operation. There are various literatures to
claim that WSN has significant problems in routing [3], energy [4], security [5], and traffic-related
management [6].
Irrespective of widely available manuscript on research archives, majority of them are more
hypothetical and less practical. It was also observed that energy is the root cause of majority of the
operational challenges within a sensor node [7]. Basically, a wireless sensor node possesses very limited
power in terms of battery as well as they are also resource-constrained. For this reason, if any operation of
sensing or data packet forwarding/receiving has to happen, there is a significant consumption of power.
Although, power consumption happens at all the stage of data forwarding in WSN, but particularly it is
essential to be studied during data fusion and data aggregation process. It is required to be understood that
data fusion highly differs from data aggregation. It was also noticed that studies towards data fusion [8] stage
in WSN is relatively less in literature as compared to that of data aggregation [9]. Basically, data fusion is a
stage that connects all the communicating nodes only to check for unique accumulation of data packet from

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Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 8, No. 6, December 2018 : 4637 - 4645
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the member node in local level of clustering. However, while doing this task, it is essential to understand the
type of applications. If the application inclusion monitoring of uncertain event with no pre-defined time
instance (e.g. habitat monitoring, healthcare, etc), in such condition, there may be a situation that the node
was idle for a long time with no significant capturing of any potential environmental information. However,
problem arise when a specific event has occurred during the time when the nodes have very less residual
energy, not good enough to process the complete data packet to the destination node. Hence, this condition
states that a node will need to be energy-efficient as well as it is required to ensure higher degree of reliable
operation with an extended network life time.
In reality, there is no such research work to jointly address this problem. Without fixing this
combined problem, a sensor node will still be vulnerable to other set of problems e.g. routing problems,
security problems, encountering bottleneck problems, etc. Therefore, the contribution of the proposed study
is to present a novel solution which can offer solution towards the above mentioned problems associated with
energy as well as reliable operation of a resource-constraint sensor node in WSN. The presented study has
introduced the use of a predictive-based optimization process that uses an analytical modeling in order to
construct a novelframework. It also defines exclusive research problems in the consecutive Section 1.2 The
fundamental concept about proposed research methodologies to solve the reported research problem is
discusses in Section-1.3 that is further followed by system design in Section-2. Section-3 discusses about
accomplished outcome whereas Section 4 briefs about final conclusion on the proposed study.
1.1. Background
This section adds more information to the existing research approaches towards energy-efficiency in
WSN from our prior review work [10]. Based on the extensive review, Jayasri et al. [11] observed that very
less studies have been carried out on reliable data dusion and further come up with a novel analytical solution
namely framework for reliable data fusion (FRFD) in order to ensure energy-aware data forwading in WSN.
The outcome of the study found to excel superior communication performance in terms of energy efficiency
and reliable data transmission.
Study towards energy problems as well as data delivery issues have been addressed in the work of
Wang et al. [12] with an aid of grid routing mechanism. Study towards energy efficiency problems has been
also discussed by Nadas et al. [13] using synchronization based approach in WSN that minimize the window
of idle listening. Most recently study towards energy and reliability problems has been addressed by
Alshaheen and Takruri-Rizk [14] using network coding approach. Dobslaw et al. [15] have presented a
scheduling approach using heuristic-based methodology for ensuring beter reliability in communication of
WSN. The work carried out by Fernandes et al. [16] have presented a scheme to minimize transmission
power consumption using received signal strength for addressing overhead problems. Oliveira et al. [17]
have presented a simplified mechanism for energy saving considering a specific application. The problems of
node reliability are also addressed by Zhu et al. [18] in the context of physical layer security.
Zonouz et al. [19] have presented a reliability modeling for single hop communication in WSN
using cost-function based approach. Reliability issues were also investigated with respect to fog-computing
in order to better establish relationship with sensor devices and cloud environment. Such work has been
presented by Wang et al. [20] that perform computation of trust in order to prove reliability of the sensor.
Sarma et al. [21] have presented a routing-based approach for addressing energy and reliability problems
associated with the communication considering inclusion of mobility factor in WSN. Qadori et al. [22] have
used fuzzy-approach along with consideration of mobile agents in order to conserve energy consumption.
Usage of context-based sensing mechanism was also proven to affect energy saving as reported in the work
of Prabha et al. [23]. Han et al. [24] have investigated coverage problems and its relationship with the energy
attribute in WSN. An empirical-modelling based approach was presented by Feng and Dong [25] in order to
investigate reliability issue. Elsafrawey et al. [26] have presented an involuntary healing proposition towards
ensuring reliability of data in WSN. An approach was presented by Campobello et al. [27] that has utilized a
unique remainder theorem for enhancing energy saving features as well as reliability problems among
sensory applications.
The work carried out by Dong et al. [28] have discussed about an optimization approach for
leveraging the reliability aspect of the WSN. The authors have developed the scheme using a unique data
acquisition approach towards addressing better clustering performance with less delay. Usage of network
coding for enhancing the energy saving charecteristics in sensor is presented by Liu et al. [29]. The authors
have used coding scheme for both network and channel in order to increase the reliability score of the WSN
with more signal quality. Study towards data gathering was investigated by Long et al. [30] where a
comprehensive mathematical modeling has been introduced in order to ensure the reliability scope of a
sensor node working in an adverse condition of networking. The study also claims of optimized outcome

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Analytical Modelling of Power Efficient Reliable Operation of..... (Jayasri B. S.)
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with respect to energy saving and proper utilization of network. Probems associated with the reliability was
also witnessed to be solved using filtering-based technique.
Studies in such direction was carried out by the Pak et al. [31] considering inclusion of finite
impulse filter that is constructed for identifying the ode failures in WSN. The authors have used a hybridized
design of a filter in order to ensurebetter localization scheme of defectidentification as a medium to assure
better reliability scheme in WSN. Therefore, it can be seen that there are various reported scheme of
enhancing the reliability score of the WSN using different methodologies. The next section discusses about
the identification of the potential problems associated with the existing approaches in next section.
1.2. The Problem
The significant research problems are as follows:-
a. Existing approaches towards improving energy efficiency lacks critical optimization process
considering computational and network-based resources.
b. Studies towards reliability-based methods are not found to ensure any form of predictive-based analysis
without using any form of iterative-based conventional methods.
c. Lack of benchmarked studies towards solving energy as well as reliability problems is another
significant research gap in WSN.
d. A comprehensive modeling considering all the practical constraints of a sensor node to assess the node
as well as network performance is also missing in existing system.
Therefore, the problem statement of the proposed study can be stated as “To design a comprehensive
framework that is capable of offering significant reliable node operation with superior network lifetime in
presence of dynamic network scenarios”. The next section briefs about solution to address this issue.
1.3. The Proposed Solution
The prime purpose of the proposed system is to present a joint framework which enables a
simulation environment to assess three different types of modules where firstly, Module-1 represents an
analytical methodology well capable of ensuring energy-aware data fusion to address the power consumption
issues in a data-driven WSN also abbreviated as EEDF. Secondly, the framework also integrates Module-2
where the prime concern laid upon designing cost-effective computational modelling which ensures power
efficient, reliable operations during data fusion process on a large scale WSN using stratistical spreading
mechanism (RaESS). Finally, it further optimizes the communication performance during sensor network
operations in terms of significant energy efficiency and reliability scores by incorporating predictive
evolutionary modelling which is presented in Module-3. The following Figure 1 exhibits the joint framework
intended to assess three different modules within a simulation environment.
Figure 1. Implemented schema of proposed system
MODULE-1
(EEDF)
MODULE-2
(RaEES)
MODULE-3
A Novel Joint Framework for Reliable and Power
Efficient Data Fusion Operation in WSN
Developing The
Topology
Djkstra Algorithm
Virtual Multi-path
Propagation
Min. Energy On Every
Communication Channel
Graph Theory
Statistical
Spreading
Enable Module-2
Distribution
Approximation
Objective
Function
Enable Module-3
Synchronization
Energy Aware Reliable
Operarion
Performance Analysis

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The above Figure 1 shows the design principles of the proposed analytical methodology to simulate
the performance of the joint computational framework. The simulation environment is created using a
numerical computing envirpnment which enables evaluating three different modules with respect to their
computational flow of design. Finally, the outcome assessed for different modules are compared with the
conventional baselines in order to justify the implemented methodology of the proposed system towards
accomplishing energy aware reliable operations in a large scale WSN. The more elaborated discussion of the
proposed three different modules are presented in the next segment of the manuscript i.e. system design.
2. SYSTEM DESIGN
This section concern about discussing the system design methodology of the proposed framework to
ensure adequate outcome in the form of numerical solutions.However, it basically aims towards justifying the
fact that the study accomplishes efficient and optimal communication operations regarding reliability and
energy performance during data fusion operation in a multicast WSN routing. The proposed framework
evolved up with a multi-fold methodology which includes basically three different types of modules
operating jointly in a numerical computing environment. The following are the extensive elaboration of three
separate modules which can carry out reliable operations involved in data fusion and clustering process to
utilize optimal energy in a WSN.
a. Design Analysis of Module-1(EEDF): This analytical design methodology for module-1 has been
conceptualized to enhance the data fusion process in a WSN. EEDF forumalted keeping a condition into
consideration i.e. it should support data fusion process in a multipath propagation system. It basically
adopted the concept of antenna theory which ensures higher degree of reliable communication
operations by deploying enhanced multipath propagation mechanism. Incorporation of antenna theory
in this regards increses the capacity of radio links towards enahcning the supportability of multipath
propagation with higher degree of reliable communication operation. In this intial phase the proposed
system deployed a WSN topology by evolving up a distributed tree construction supported by graph
theory. The graph is constructed using a set of vertices and edges which is expressed with the following
mathematical Equation 1. In that eq. V refers to the set of vertices used to denote sensor nodes and E
belongs to the set of edges which are basiclally communication links within a multipath propagation
system. The addition of base station b makes the graph expressed like following:
G=(VUb, E) (1)
Where every sensor nϵV will have the freedom to choose its adjacent neighbours for mutli-cast routing during
ad-hoc communication. The novelty of the proposed concept is that it enables deployment of assistant pair of
nodes which supports single and multi-path propagation during the communication between other nodes, this
paradigm resulted energy efficient link formation with the supportability of multipath propagation between
node and base station. It also optimizes the data transmitted from one sensor node n to a base station b by
formulating the folloing objective function which helps in energy optimization.


Vn
nfunc EO minarg (2)
The experimental observations further assured that this approach has significantly reduced energy
requirements during data fusion operations and also potentially assisted in conserving energy to a significant
level. The optimum selection of communication channel also assisted in minimizing enery consumpsion
during multipath propagation in a virtual topology where on the other hand the data dissemination process
reduced the redundancy of data to ensure that unique data being forwarded to the b.
b. Design Analysis of Module-2(RaEES): The analytical modellling of RaEES designed and developed by
addressing communication performance isssues of a WSN from energy and reliability view point. The
design principle of RaEES also implements a numerical analysis which enables reliable data
transmission during data fusion process in a data driven WSN. The system aims to ensure an optimal
equilibrium between the uninterrupted data transmission prior performing fusion with minimal usage of
network and computational rsources. The adopted graph theory modelling used in the formulation of
fusion structure with a tree based topology formation which enables reliable communication operations
with less resource consumpsion. However, minimal usage of resources during network operations and
data aggregation process including elimination of repetitive redundant data significantly improved
communication performance in terms of energy and reliability which are further justified in the next

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section 3 with an extensive discussion on experimental analysis. The cocept of statistical spreading has
been used to ensure transmission reliability in terms of reducing packet error rate and dropping
probability using a distributed approximation paradigm. However, finally the proposed system
formulates an objective function which ensures higher degree of reliability while consuming minimal
computational and network resources. The next section presents the model analysis of the next
methodology from analytical and theoretical perspective [32].
c. Design Analysis of Module-3: This phase of the design methodology exclusively carried out by
emplying a decision oriented data delivery model with predictive coding. It basically enhances the
communication operations by incorporating a time-slot synchronization modelling where the allotment
of time-slots during synchronization phase follows two different mode of operations which are thereby
i) busy mode and ii) idle mode of operations respectively. It further applies two different algorithms in
order to obtain power efficienct comprehencive paradigm for reducing resource consumpsions during
communication operations by which it has certainly achieved better reliability during clustering and
data fusion process. It mostly puts emphasize towards classifying the data packets with the deployment
of cost-effective Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) and Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA)
subjected to decisional and efficient energy modelling. The proposed system perform data fusion prior
to data aggregation when aggregator nodes act as cluster head (Ch) while operating on diffent sensor
node (SN) driven clusters. The process thereby mainly follows two different types of communication
phases such as i) communication between node to Ch where data fusion take place and ii)
communication between each Ch to core aggregator mote , data aggregation is performed. The prime
emphasize has been given towards energy consumpsion optimization by performing reliable sensory
operations with synchronized packet delivery paradigm with randomized and organized access mode of
processes. The data delivery cycle has been conceptualized in a way where a time slot is defined for
transmission operations, also referred as temporal interval (ti). The next segment of the study thereby
discussed the outcome being accomplished by simulating the joint framework in a numerical
compiuting environment.
3. RESULT ANALYSIS
3.1. Outcomes Obtained from Module-1
This section demonstrates the experimental outcomes obtained after simulating the proposed joint
framework with a numerical analysis. The framework initially evaluates the analytical methodology derived
for EEDF and obtains the results pertaining to energy consumpsion per request (mJ) which is highlighted in
the following Figure 2. The above Figure 2 clearly exhibits that the module-1 EEDF accomplishes better
outcomes in terms of energy with the increasing value of nodes. The proposed EEDF thereby significantly
minimizes the energy consumpsion (0-0.3) mJ in comparison with the conventional baselines LEACH and
PEGASIS.
Figure 2. Analysis of energy consumpsion request (mJ)

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3.2. Outcomes obtained from Module-2
The evaluation of the study was carried out with 600 sensor nodes compliant with MEMSIC node
configuration dispersed randomly under simulation area of 1000x1000m2
. A hypothetical data of 3500 bits
has been used for communication purpose. As the proposed RaESS focuses towards achieving reliable
transmission, it was essential for evaluating its effectiveness with respect to energy consumption, delay,
packet delivery ratio, as well as algorithm processing time.
The following Figure 3, 4 exhibits that how the proposed RaESS obtains better outcomes in terms of
packet delivery ratio and overall delay (S) during data fusion process in a WSN communication operations. It
also shows that overall delay significantly reduced in RaESS as compared to LEACH.
Figure 3. Overall delay vs iterations
Figure 4. Packet delivery ratio vs iterations
It can also be seen that the proposed RaESS significantly reduces delay to enahce the reloiable
network opetrations prior to data fusion while nodes are communicating with their core aggregator mote. The
above Figure 4 also shows the efficiency of RaESS in obtaining enhanced packet delivery ratio which also
ensures better communication performance during the data fusion phase with optimized outcome in energy
factors.
Figure 5 also exhibits that the proposed RaESS attain very lesser computation time as the proposed
algorithm consumes very less number of resources during the soft computing phase. The outcome obtained
found highly superior than the conventional LEACH algorithm.

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Figure 5. Analysis of algorithm processing time(s)
3.3. Outcomes obtained from Module-3
The following Figure 6 also exhibits that the proposed two algorithms for moule-3 also achieves
reliable communication operations to reduce the delay constraints which has a significant impact on energy
consumpsion optimization. The above Figure 6 also shows that energy consumpsion per bit in every instance
of increasing time slots is higher in the case of Luo [33] where , Proposed approach and Zhang [34] approach
accomplishes optimal outcome as they both utilized predictive node scheduling in a dynamic environment
where nodes are actually performs decision making during scheduling and data fusion process. However, as
our proposed system excels better outcomes with respect to different attributes thus the study ensures its
uniformity towards achiving reliable communication scenario during data fusion process in a WSN.
Figure 6. Analysis of energy consumpsion per bit (j/bit)
4. CONCLUSION
The current advancement of sensor network operations manly data fusion highly requires reliable
computation with minimal usage of resources to ensure enahced communication performance in terms of
energy consumpsion and delay. However, sensor network operations in a region of interest is highly
unpredictive owing to its decentralized communication pattern, therefore placement of nodes should be
within a monitored area in order to track down every respective communication activity. The investigational
analysis in our prior works found that very less existing works have been carried out towards ensuring energy
efficient data fusion operations in a large scale WSN where no significant focus inclined towards optimizing
the reliability factors with respect to delay and energy constraints.
The study formulated a novel joint schema which assess three different analytical methodology to
forward data with maximum reliability and minimum usage of energy in a multipath propagation system. It is
also ensured that the proposed system utilizes very lesser network resources while carrying out the data
fusion supported by energy aware channel access. The study outcome further ensures that the proposed joint
framework accomplishes better outocmes in terms of different performance metrices.

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BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS
Jayasri B. S. is currently working as an Associate Professor in the department of CS&E, The
National Institutional of Engineering, and Mysuru. She obtained her M.tech degree in (2006)
from Visvesvaraya Technical University, Belgaum. She is currently pursuing her Ph.D., and her
area of interest includes Wireless Sensor Networks, Wireless Communication, Computer
Networks, Operational Research and System Simulation Modeling.
G Raghavendra Rao took his BE ME and PhD degrees from UOM, IISC, Bangalore and UOM
respectively. After serving as Asst. Engineer (Jaguar Project) at HAL, Bangalore for 4 years, he
joined NIE as a faculty in June 1983. He was the first faculty of the department of Computer
Science & Engg., and was responsible for the establishment of the department, facilities and
Laboratories of CS, IS and MCA departments in NIE. He became Asst. Professor in January
1990 and Professor of CSE in January 1995 respectively. He was Principal (I/C) of NIE from
March 2004 to April 2008. He was also the founder Principal of NIE Institute of Technology
from July 2008 to October 2010.

Analytical Modelling of Power Efficient Reliable Operation of Data Fusion in Wireless Sensor Network

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Analytical Modelling of Power Efficient Reliable Operation of Data Fusion in Wireless Sensor Network