Anatomy unit 2 nervous system nerve structure and reflex notes
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Nerves are bundles of neurons surrounded by connective tissue membranes. They transmit signals through reflex arcs, which are automatically programmed responses to stimuli. There are two types of reflexes - somatic reflexes which stimulate skeletal muscle responses and autonomic reflexes which stimulate smooth muscle responses like gastric juice release.
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Anatomy unit 2 nervous system nerve structure and reflex notes
- 1. ANATOMY Unit 2 Notes: Nerve Structure & Reflexes
- 2. (1) What is a Nerve? • Nerve = Bundle of neurons. • Nerves Are Made Of: – Fascicles – Neurons – Epineurium – Perineurium – Endoneurium
- 4. (2) Nerve Membranes • Endoneurium: The membrane which encases a single neuron. • Perineurium: The membrane which binds together a bundle of neurons (also called a fascicle). • Epineurium: The membrane which binds together a bundle of fascicles.
- 5. (3) Reflexes • Automatically programmed response to a specific stimulus. • All reflexes are involuntary, however do not need to travel through the individual nervous system divisions. • Reflex Arc Path: –Stimulus triggers nerve impulse. –Impulse sent to CNS, but at spinal cord routes directly back out to effector organ.
- 8. (4) Types of Reflexes • Somatic: A reflex which stimulates a response in the skeletal muscle. – Example: Retracting your arm from a hot stove. • Autonomic: A reflex which stimulates a response in smooth muscle. – Example: Your stomach releasing gastric juice and churning once food is dropped in.