Ancient china compiled lesson slides
- 2. • View the Overview in JacPlus
- 3. Use JacPlus 7.3 (or info on the next slide) to complete the blank map. Paste the completed map in your workbook.
- 4. Map of Ancient China
- 5. • 2205 BCE Near mythical Xia dynasty founded (only recently has there been evidence found to indicate this dynasty existed, at Erlitou) • 1766 BCE Shang dynasty founded. • 1122 BCE Last Shang king defeated, King Wu founds the Zhou (Jo) dynasty. Wu believed Shang had lost the mandate of heaven, and claimed to be bringing justice. • 771 BCE nomads from Mongolia and Gobi Desert sack Zhou capital, kill the king. His son moves the capital further away from the dangerous northern border. • 551 BCE Confucius is born. • 500 BCE Crossbow is invented. • 481 BCE Warring States period begins. • 221 BCE Qin Shihuangdi founds the Qin dynasty, becomes Emperor. • 210 BCE Shihuangdi dies. • 207 BCE Shihuangdi’s grandson is executed by rebels, ending the Qin dynasty. • 202 BCE Liu Bang/Liu Pang conquers rivals, establishes Han dynasty under the name Gaozu. • C.200 CE Paper is invented.
- 6. • System of rule by emperors lasted until 1911 CE • Many inventions: • Gunpowder, matches • Parachute, umbrella • Seismograph • Spinning wheel • Ink • Compass, abacus • Silk • Paper • Great Wall, and city walls of various cities still standing, with the modern urban sprawl occurring around it.
- 7. Confucius was an advisor during the Warring States Period before the Qin dynasty, spoke of relationships between Lord and servant, Father and Son, Husband and Wife, Elder Brother to Younger Brother, Friend to Friend, where all had a duty to each other, although the former was always superior to the latter (except in the case of the friends). Confucius argued that a good society could be achieved by the ruler/government acting virtuously and setting an example for the people. Find three famous sayings and create one of your own
- 8. Who Was Confucius? (4 mins)
- 9. • An ethical system emphasising punitive measures and strict laws, and that the greater good was far more important than any single person. • Discuss how this would perhaps benefit the government but be negative for individuals.
- 10. • From the Legalist philosopher Lord Shang’s The Book of Lord Shang, trans. J. J. L. Duyvendak, Arthur Probsthain, London, 1928 Punish severely the light crimes…If light offences do not occur, serious ones have no chance of coming…The things which people desire are innumerable, but that from which they benefit is one and the same. Unless the people are made one, there is no way to make them attain their desire. Therefore they are unified, and their strength is consolidated…If you establish what people might delight in, they will suffer from what they dislike, but if you establish what they dislike, they will be happy in what they enjoy.
- 13. • Chinese rulers based their authority on the Mandate of Heaven • This meant they had been chosen by the gods to rule • They held the right to rule, as long as they treated their subjects fairly and justly • If the ruler treated his subjects cruelly, then he would lose the Mandate of Heaven • Likewise, if he failed to protect the people from floods, famine, wars or other disasters he was considered to have lost the Mandate of Heaven
- 14. What makes the ‘Great Wall’ so GREAT? http://ed.ted.com/lessons/what-makes-the-great-wall-of- china-so-extraordinary-megan-campisi-and-pen-pen-chen
- 15. Picture Id: 131810 Rights Managed Editorial Description: Painting of slaves building the Great Wall of China. Keywords: THE GREAT WALL, PAINTINGS, WHIPS, CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS, PRISONERS, HISTORIC CHARACTERS, SCENES, AND EVENTS, SLAVES AND SLAVERY, CHINESE PEOPLE, COLOR IMAGE, DAY, OUTDOORS, ILLUSTRATION, CROWD, CHINESE ETHNICITY, CHINESE, CULTURE, SLAVE, WHIP, WORKER, PRISONER, HISTORY, ANCIENT CIVILIZATION, CHINA Location: Artwork. Photographer: HSIEN-MIN YANG/National Geographic Creative See More Images by this Photographer Technical details: Dimensions: 3729px x 4676px Max File size: 50 MB http://www.natgeocreative.com/photography/131810
- 17. • Many names: Qin Shi Huang, Qin Shi Huangdi, Qin Shi Huang-di, Qin Shi Huangti, Qin Shi Huang-ti, Ying Zheng, and First Emperor • Accomplished great feats and established himself in Chinese history • Much good came of his reign, but also many deaths and violence Documentary (1:42:26)
- 18. • Born to King Zhuangxiang of Qin and Zhao Ji • Inherited the Qin State at 13 with Lü Buwei acting as Prime Minister
- 19. • Lü Buwei, the Prime Minister, was afraid of Ying Zheng. He lined up Lao Ai to overthrow the king. Failed, caught, and executed violently. • State of Yan fearful of being conquered sent Jing Ke to present gifts then kill the king. Failed and executed. • Gao Jianli tried to avenge Jing Ke’s death by playing his lute for the king. The lute was fastened to a piece of lead and was thrust at the king. He missed and was executed.
- 20. • The state of Qin conquered the states of Han, Zhao, Wei, Chu, Yan (all independent states) • King Qin Shi Huang became Emperor Qin Shi Huang in 221 BCE
- 21. • No more states: 36 commanderies further divided into districts, counties, and hundred- family units • Standardized units of measurement and Chinese characters • Began construction to join sections of the Great Wall • Constructed the Ling Canal
- 22. • After unifying China, Huang decided to connect walls created by the previous states and add new sections • Built in order to keep out the Huns and other nomadic tribes
- 23. • The Emperor and his Prime Minister, Li Si, burned all books pertaining to the Hundred School of Thought and the time prior to his reign. Severe punishment for owning a banned book. • Over 460 scholars were buried alive in order to keep Confucius’s teachings out and also for revenge (a few scholars tricked him in his quest for eternal life).
- 24. • Sent many people on quests to find the Elixir of Life • None returned, although it is believed that some people on this quest might have settled in Japan. • Died of mercury poisoning from consuming it in the hope that it would make him immortal • Li Si attempted to hide the death for 2 months until all affairs were in order.
- 25. • Began construction soon after gaining the Qin throne • Contains the Terracotta Army • No one living person has been inside, but legends say that there are building replicas, tools, and 100 rivers of mercury • Probes sent into tomb revealed high mercury levels Article: Flowing Rivers of Mercury
- 26. • Life-sized warriors, chariots, and horses made of clay guard the tomb. Each are slightly different. • 7,000+ warriors, 130 chariots with horses, and 110 cavalry horses • Originally painted in “Chinese purple”
- 27. • Read the secondary source • Complete the table showing evidence for why he was a great leader and why he could be seen as a terrible tyrant. • Qin Shi HuangdiEmperor Qin Shi Huangdi-activity.pdf • Ancient China - Life of Confucius - Worksheet with Suggested Responses.pdf
- 28. That Qin Shi Huangdi was truly a great ruler
- 29. Revision
- 30. Great Leader • Unification Eg. currency, country, measurements, language • Building Eg. palaces, Great Wall • Organisation of the Empire Eg. system of government – Legalism First Emperor Clever administrator Brutal Tyrant • Feared by his people Eg. severe punishments, branding, torture etc. • Stamped out Confucianism Eg. book burning, punishments, scholars killed, buried alive for owning Confucian books • Building Eg. thousands died working on his building projects • Organisation of the Empire Eg. taxes, conscription to the army, strict and unreasonable laws, Legalism
- 31. Websites About. 2009. New York Times Company. 13 March 2009 <http://archaeology.about.com/od/china/a/terr acotta.htm>. Absolute Astronomy. 2009. GFDL. 12 March 2009 <http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/B urning_of_books_and_burying_of_scholars>. Travel China Guide. 1 December 2008. Travel China Guide. 13 March 2009 <http://www.travelchinaguide.com/china_grea t_wall/history/>. Wikipedia. 14 March 2009. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 12 March 2009 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Haungdi#Zhan g_Liang.27s_assassination_attempt>. Pictures “Map of China.” 2008. ISEP. 14 March 2009 <http://www.isep.org/students/Directory/maps/china_big_map.jp g>. “Map of Qin.” 2008. China Highlights. 14 March 2009 <http://www.chinahighlights.com/image/map/ancient/qin- dynasty-map1.gif>. “Portrait of Qin Shi Huang.” 2009. China Online. 14 March 2009 <http://www.chinaonline.cn.com/chinese_culture/biography/ima ges/Qin_Shi_Huangdi_3.jpg>. “Terracotta Carriage.” 2009. Dynasty Hotel. 15 March 2009 <http://www.dynasty- hotel.com/images/content/terracotta_army_of_qin.jpg>. “Terracotta Crouching Soldier.” 2008. Fun President. 15 March 2009 <http://funpresident.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/08/800px- terracotta_army__gdynia_2006_-_01_ubt.jpeg>. “Terracotta Soldiers.” 2008. CenBlog. 14 March 2009 <http://cenblog.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/04/terracotta- army.jpg>. “The Great Wall of China.” 2009. Travel Centre. 14 March 2009 <http://www.travel-centre.co.uk/site- media/images/sections/great_wall_1.JPG>.