China's History Part 2 of 2
- 1. Chinese Legends • Pangu was the creator of the universe. • Later “superheroes” invented and taught useful way to survive by finding food, clothing and shelter. • Yu worked for 13 years to conquer the flooding Huang River. The Xia (SHEE-ah) was the legendary period (2000 B.C.-1700 B.C.) characterized by legends of “superheroes”.
- 2. Shang Dynasty Anyang was the capital of the Shang Dynasty
- 3. Shang Dynasty • Facts about the Shang Dynasty: – Began between 1760 B.C. and 1500 B.C. – People grew grain and raised animals along the Huang River Valley. – Cloth from silk and flax (type of fiber) were made. – Warriors in chariots went to war. – Bronze was used for tools, cups and weapons. – Anyang was the capital of the Shang settlement. – Oracle bones used to predict the future. (Questions were written on animal bones or turtle shells. Then items were heated and any cracks helped the Shang people to make predictions about future events such as what crops to plant, when to travel or hunt.)
- 4. Bronze Age • Bronze Age was a period of time which tools and weapons were made of bronze. • Bronze was made by melting together copper and a small amount of tin. Copper Tin Bronze
- 5. Zhou Dynasty Zhou Hao was the capital of western Zhou Luoyang was the capital of eastern Zhou
- 6. Zhou Dynasty • Facts about the Zhou (JOH) Dynasty: – Began in 1027 B.C. when a Zhou leader’s army conquered the armies of the last Shang ruler. – Longest of the Chinese dynasties (800 years). • Zhou Dynasty divided into 2 periods 1. Earlier period called the Western Zhou because the capital was located in Hao in western China. 2. Second period called the Eastern Zhou because the capital was in Luoyang in eastern China.
- 7. Western Zhou Dynasty • Facts about Western Zhou dynasty – Earliest period of Zhou dynasty (1027 B.C.-770 B.C.) – Capital was Hao located in western part of China. – Most people were farmers and some slaves – Farmers worked small areas of land and gave food and valuables to the king. – Women harvested crops and responsible for the production of silk.
- 8. Western Zhou Dynasty • Silk was very important product of the Zhou economy. – Silk made from the cocoons of the silkworm. – Mulberry leaves are feed to the silkworms. – Cocoons are boiled to get the silk fibers. – Fibers are woven into cloth. How silk is made video. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BibC0CqZhPI
- 9. Eastern Zhou Dynasty • Facts about Eastern Zhou dynasty – Second part of Zhou dynasty (770 B.C.-221 B.C.) – Capital was Luoyang located in eastern part of China. – Known as the “golden age” of China – Government started new projects such as flood control, canals and irrigation – Tools and weapons made of iron. – Farming still important, but people became scholars, teachers and new ideas developed which challenged old traditions.
- 11. Qin Dynasty • Facts about the Qin (CHIN) Dynasty: – In 221 B.C. Shi Huangdi (SHEE Hwang dee) became the first emperor in the Qin dynasty. – Qin emperor was divided into 36 provinces (political divisions) – Government become centralized by forming new states to bring ALL areas under HIS control. – Systems of money, weights and measures were standardized (made consistent) which helped trade between regions.
- 12. Qin Dynasty • Facts about the Qin (CHIN) Dynasty: – Construction of Great Wall of China began. • Great Wall stretches 4,500 miles (distance from Miami, FL to the North Pole) • Largest engineering project in world history. • Was built to protect the empire from northern invaders. • Hundreds of thousands of laborers worked for more than 1,000 years to complete. • First section of the wall took 10 years to build (rate of 1 mile per day). • More than 1 million people died while building the wall.
- 13. Qin Dynasty • Facts about the Qin (CHIN) Dynasty: – Shi Huangdi wanted the government to control what people talked about and studied. – Anyone who went against Shi Huangdi was punished. – People revolted against this type of oppressive (unfair) government. – Qin dynasty ended about 206 B.C. (last about 20 years) after emperor died.
- 14. Han Dynasty
- 15. Han Dynasty • Facts about the Han Dynasty: • Began in 206 B.C. and ended around 220 A.D. • Stretched south as far as present-day Vietnam and Cambodia. • First Han ruler was Han Gaozu (GOW ZOO) who was a peasant who joined the revolt against Shi Huangdi. • Gaozu means “High Ancestor”. An ancestor is a relative who lived longer ago than a grandparent. • Gaozu took away the ban on books enforced by Shi Huangdi.
- 16. Han Dynasty • Facts about the Han Dynasty: – Emperor Wu Di (WOO DEE) ruled the Han dynasty about 141 B.C. – 87 B.C. and made MANY changes and advancements such as… • Divided lands owned by princes and lords. • Took power away from people who challenged him • Taxed imported and exported goods. • Built new roads to improve transportation.
- 17. Han Dynasty • Facts about the Han Dynasty: – Emperor Wu Di (WOO DEE) valued the contributions of scholars and teachers. – Sima Qian (soo muhn CHIH ehm) was a historian who write the FIRST complete history book of China. • Sima Qian believed there was more to history than what the kings thought should be written. – Ban Zhao (ban JOW) her writing supported education for women.
- 18. Han Dynasty • Facts about the Han Dynasty: – Under Wu Di (WOO DEE) the use of civil service (the practice of using skills and talents to work in the government) began. – To become a civil servant (a person who works for the government) • Had to take civil service exam. • Anyone who passed qualified for a government job (even peasants).
- 19. The Silk Road Only way China connected with the rest of the world. Went through northern China, across central Asia to the Roman Empire. Silk and porcelain were exported. Glass, gold and horses were imported.
- 20. Master Kung Facts about Confucius: • Born in 551 B.C., in the state of Lu Province during the later years of the Zhou Dynasty • Family was one of nobility (high-ranking in social class) • Educated as a scholar • Known as Kung Fuzi or Master Kung • Travelled with disciples (followers) looking for a king to advise. • Was a teacher of morals (knowing right from wrong). • Morals that Confucius valued were: ⮚ Order ⮚ Harmony ⮚ Ways of making the world right • Lived in the period called the “hundred schools of thought” • Interpreted and revived older Zhou text known as the Book of Documents • Died in 479 B.C. • The Great Temple houses a statue of Confucius.
- 21. Master Kung Facts about Confucius: •Born in 551 B.C., in the state of Lu Province during the later years of the Zhou Dynasty •Family was one of nobility (high-ranking in social class) •Educated as a scholar •Known as Kung Fuzi or Master Kung •Travelled with disciples (followers) looking for a king to advise.
- 22. Master Kung Facts about Confucius: •Was a teacher of morals (knowing right from wrong). •Morals that Confucius valued were: ⮚ Order ⮚ Harmony ⮚ Ways of making the world right •Lived in the period called the “hundred schools of thought” •Interpreted and revived older Zhou text known as the Book of Documents •Died in 479 B.C. •The Great Temple houses a statue of Confucius.
- 23. The Master’s Works Facts about Confucianism: •Analects – is the main written work of Confucius recorded by his students. •Virtues are the core (center) of Confucianism. Examples of virtues: • Sense of humanity • Respect for family • Modesty •People have to find the “middle way” to help make balanced decisions in life.
- 24. The Master’s Works Facts about Confucianism: •The Ruler was seen as a great authority. •People needed to have respect for their rulers. •Rulers had the Mandate of Heaven (the divine right to govern for the good of all the people). •Some of his teachings were: accept one’s role in society, love of children/parents, obey authority figures.
- 25. Beyond Confucianism ⮚ During the “hundred schools of thought” many scholars like Confucius influenced the people of China. ⮚ Mencius was a follower of Confucius who believed people were good by nature and continued spreading Confucianism. ⮚ Another great influence of Chinese culture was Daoism which believes in finding the “way” or dao of the universe. ⮚ Laozi was first teacher of Daoism. ⮚ Daoist believe people should live in harmony with nature.