ancientromanarchitecture.pdf
- 2. ⚫Theancient Roman style is said to bea reproductive form of the Greek and Etruscanarchitecture. ⚫Together theyare considered to bea bodyof classical architecture. ⚫Although the Romans have borrowed much of the Greek style, they have used theirown knowledge in construction to improve the arch and vault forthearchitectural community.
- 3. ⚫Someof the manyachievements the Romans used in the nature of their architectureare the arch, dome, vault, column, and aqueduct. ⚫Theseaccomplishmentswere large steps that added to the understanding of architecture today. ⚫By reaching these feats the Romans were able to create many impressive building and structures.
- 4. ⚫ Sand ⚫ Pozzolanicconcrete ⚫ Broken pottery ⚫ Pumice stone ⚫ Lime ⚫ Sandstone ⚫ Marble ⚫ Granite ⚫The Romans used many materials to create everything from masonry pastes towallsand f looring. ⚫Thesearea few of the materials used: ⚫ Chalk •Wood •Terracotta •Ceramics •Tin •Iron
- 5. ⚫Similarly to today, the Romans used manydifferent tools tosurvey the land and construct buildings. ⚫Thesearea few of the tools thatwere use: ⚫ Dioptra ⚫ Leveling staff ⚫ Groma ⚫ Axes ⚫ Adze ⚫ Lathes ⚫ Saws ⚫ Planes ⚫ Flies ⚫ Calipers •Saw blades •Folding rule •Chisels •Gouges •Hammer •Square •trepan
- 6. ⚫ The Romans built there foundationsoutof compact subsoil and sometimeseven rock. ⚫ The foundationsof Roman buildingswereoften 2 to 3m thick. ⚫ Often when the ground was damp floor boards would be placed on short pillars allowing theground beneath todry out. ⚫ In important public buildings small clay pipesand vent were placed in thewalls to form a sort of chimney.
- 7. ⚫ In ancient Rome floors were normally constructed outof wooden structuresand boards. ⚫ The f loor boards were laid overcross beams that rested on supports from the surrounding walls. ⚫ Forextracomfort wooden f loors were often covered in straw and then covered over in mortar. When this isdone the floors can even be tiled. ⚫ Roofs were made out of wooden trusses supported by thewalls and covered in tiles.
- 8. ⚫ In ancient Rome therewere a series of techniques thatcould be used tocreatewalls. ⚫ Opus reticulatum- a form of brickwork thatconsists of diamond shaped tufa blocks and applied with mortar. ⚫ Opus incertum- constructing technique thatuses irregular shaped uncut rocks thatareapplied with mortar. ⚫ Opus mixtum- applicationof diamond shaped tufa blocks and bricks thatareapplied with mortar.
- 9. ⚫Thecolumnwasvery popular in ancient Romanarchitecture. ⚫Itwas mostlyused forstructural and at timesdecorative manners. ⚫Columnswereoften constructed in sectionsand then stack on topof each other. ⚫The basic column was made out of wood orstoneand mortar, while more decorativeones were hand carved. http://discoveryouritaly.com/ wp- content/blogs.dir/1/files/essen ce-of-italy/roman-columns-in- pompeii.jpg
- 10. ⚫ The arch was said to be invented by the Romans, however thearch has been around since prehistoric times. ⚫ Modified by the Romans, the arch during this times could support large amounts of weight. ⚫ Thearch was used to provide extrastructure fora building and was constructed out of brick, stone, orconcrete.
- 11. ⚫Constructed between 70-82 AD ⚫Amphitheatreused forgladiator competitionsand otherpublic event. ⚫Able toseat at most 87,000 people. ⚫Created by masonryand cut stones. ⚫Madeoutof travertine stone, mortar, bricks, and iron clamps. ⚫Contains arches, columns, arcades, and podiums.
- 12. ⚫ Constructed between 212-216 AD. ⚫ Public bath house that lateradded a public library to itscomplex. ⚫ Covered approximately 33 acres; 750 feet long, 380 feetwide, 125 feet in height. ⚫ Capableof holding 1,600 people. ⚫ The Thermae of Caracalla was destroyed during the Gothic war demolishing the hydraulic installations, but the remainsarea very popular tourist attraction today.
- 13. ⚫ The date in which the original Pantheon was constructed is unknown, but itwas rebuilt in 126 AD. ⚫ Roman temple built to honorall of thegods. ⚫ Named forall of the statues placed around the building and its resemblance to the heavens. ⚫ This circular building is constructed with agrand porch, three rows of columns, and a dome with a centered oculus to the sky. ⚫ The Pantheons dome is still the largest unreinforced concrete dome in theworld today.
- 14. ⚫ Roman mausoleum in Ravenna, Italy. ⚫ Constructed between 425-430 AD. ⚫ Originallycreated to be a mausoleum, the building is shaped like the Greek cross. ⚫ The mausoleum hold three sarcophagi containing the burnt remains of Galla Placidia, her brotherand her husband. ⚫ This building contains a dome and the interior is covered in Byzantine mosaics.