![Android Cookbook
by Android Community Experts
Copyright © 2011 Ian Darwin and Contributors. All rights reserved.
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ISBN: 978-1-449-38841-6
[?]
1318018084](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/85307-250406220241-bd3645f7/85/Android-Cookbook-1st-Edition-Ian-F-Darwin-9-320.jpg)
![CHAPTER 1
Getting Started
1.1 Introduction: Getting Started
Ian Darwin
Discussion
The famous "Hello, World" pattern came about when Kernighan and Plaugher wanted
to write a "Recipe" on how to get started in any new programming language and envi-
ronment. This chapter is affectionately dedicated to these fine gentlemen, and to ev-
eryone who has ever struggled to get started in a new programming paradigm.
1.2 Learning the Java Language
Ian Darwin
Problem
Android apps are written in the Java(tm) programming language before they are con-
verted into Android's own class file format, DEX. If you don't know how to program
in Java you will find it hard to write Android apps.
Solution
There are lots of resources available to learn Java. Most of them will teach you what
you need, but will also teach some API classes that are not available. Avoid any sections
in any book that talk about topics in the left-hand column:
Table 1-1. Parts of Java API to Ignore
Java API Android Equivalent
Swing, Applets Android's GUI, see [[Introduction: GUI]]
application entry point main() See [[Android Lifecycle]]
1](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/85307-250406220241-bd3645f7/85/Android-Cookbook-1st-Edition-Ian-F-Darwin-24-320.jpg)
![FOOTNOTES.
[0] The corrigenda has applied in this transcription.—DP.
[2a] Among the names in the “Myntlyng” MS., of Spalding Priory, is
“John atte Ash,” i.e., John living by “the Ash,” which in time became
John Ash. The ash tree was supposed to have peculiar virtues:
weakly children were passed through it three times, before sunrise,
to give them strength; and to the Rowan, or mountain-ash many
superstitions are attached. (“Folklore,” vol. ii., No. 1, p. 88, et alibi.)
[2b] It would appear, however, that water was a more marked
feature of the locality 100 years ago. Sir Joseph Banks, writing of
the antiquities of Ashby, in an article contributed to “Archæologia” at
that time (vol. xii., p. 96), mentions the “sloping hills with brisk rills
of water running through almost every valley.” It should not be
forgotten that formerly a tract of forest extended all along this
district, so that (as I have mentioned elsewhere) a Dutch sportsman
spent a whole season in hunting “in Lincolniensi montium tractu,”
among the Lincolnshire hills. When that forest was cleared away, as
a natural consequence the streams would shrink in volume, or
disappear altogether.
[4] The Elands were landowners in Stourton, East Kirkby, and other
places. One of them resided at East Kirkby as late as 1870. Sir
William Eland was Constable of Nottingham Castle, 1330, and M.P.
for the county in 1333 (Bailey’s “Annals,” vol. i., p. 223). The
Gedneys were considerable owners in the neighbourhood. In the
church at Bag Enderby there is a handsome stone mural monument
of Andrew and Dorothy Gedney, with their two sons and two](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/85307-250406220241-bd3645f7/85/Android-Cookbook-1st-Edition-Ian-F-Darwin-45-320.jpg)
![daughters kneeling before prayer desks. This Andrew Gedney
married Dorothy, daughter of Sir William Skipwith, of South
Ormesby, by his wife, Alice Dymoke.
[5] John de Kirketon (or Kirton), near Boston, received the honour
of knighthood from Ed. II., owned Tattershall and Tumby, and was
summoned to Parliament 16 Ed. III. They had large property in
Boston in 1867 (Thompson’s “History of Boston,” p. 226).
[6a] The pedigree of the Littleburys is given in the Herald’s
“Visitation of Lincolnshire” 1562–4; edited by W. Metcalf, F. S. A.
(Bell and Sons, 1881).
[6b] Sir Thomas Meeres was knighted 11 June, 1660. He was
almost continuously M.P. for Lincoln from 1660 to his death in 1708.
(“Architect. Soc. Journal,” 1891, p. 13.)
[7] The late Poet Laureate, in his poem “Walking to the Mail”
(Poems, 1842), tells of a farmer who was so pestered by the
presence of this ghost about his house, that he harnessed his horse
to his cart and started to leave home to get rid of it:—
“The farmer, vext, packs up his bed,
And all the household stuff, and chairs,
And with his boy betwixt his knees, his wife
Upon the tilt—sets out and meets a friend,
Who hails him, ‘What! Art flitting?’
‘Yes, we’re flitting,’ says the ghost,
For they had packed her among the beds.
‘Oh! Well!’ the farmer says, ‘You’re flitting with us too!
‘Jack, turn the horse’s head, and home again.’”
There are sundry other ghosts, or witches, remembered in the
neighbourhood, which may be heard of by the curious.
[9] Among the lists of institutions to benefices, preserved in the
Archives at Lincoln, is that of “Thomas Hardie, clerk, presented by
the Dean and Chapter, Vicar, A.D. 1567.” This was in the reign of](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/85307-250406220241-bd3645f7/85/Android-Cookbook-1st-Edition-Ian-F-Darwin-46-320.jpg)
![Queen Elizabeth; the patronage, therefore, was probably granted to
that body by her father, Henry VIII., on the dissolution of the
Tattershall College. (“Institutions, 1540–1570,” edited by Rev. C. W.
Foster.)
[10] The writer has reason to remember the hollowness of the
beck, for on one occasion, when riding with the foxhounds, there
being a steep descent to the beck, and the beck itself having rotten,
hollow banks, the soil gave way beneath his horse’s hind legs, and,
although they landed on the other side, the horse was all in a heap,
and the rider shot over its head. They, however, recovered
themselves, and no other riders attempting it they gained a
considerable advantage over the rest of the field. When shooting
along its banks he has seen places where the hollowness was still
more marked, the beck itself being barely more than two feet wide,
and four feet, or even more, deep.
[12a] “The culverhouse, or dovecote, attached to old baronial and
other houses, was a valuable source of food supply in days when the
fattening of cattle was not understood.” (“Nature and Woodcraft,”
by J. Watson.)
[12b] The existence of this watermill is not without interest. They
were a source of considerable revenue, and this probably belonged
to the monks of Tattershall College, and all their tenants would be
expected to have their grain ground at it. In an ancient MS., of
Spalding Priory, it is recorded that certain tenants of the Prior were
heavily fined because they took their corn to be ground elsewhere.
[12c] At a monastery at Norwich 1,500 quarters of malt were used
annually for ale. Ingulphus, the abbot of Croyland, laments in his
History, the damage caused by a fire at the Abbey, inasmuch as it
“destroyed the cellar and casks full of ale therein” (quoted Oliver’s
“Religious Houses,” p. 15, note 5).
[13] The full inscription is:—“Here lyeth Rychard Lyttleburye, of
Stanesbye in ye countie of Lincoln Esquier and Elizabeth his wyffe](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/85307-250406220241-bd3645f7/85/Android-Cookbook-1st-Edition-Ian-F-Darwin-47-320.jpg)
![daughter of Sir Edmund Jenney of Knotsolt in the countie of Suff.
Knight, which Richard departed this lyfe in the xiii year of the Reign
of King Henry ye eight Ao. D’ni. 1521 and Elizabeth dyed in ye xv
yeare of ye Raigne of ye sayd King H. Ao. 1523.”
[15a] See Notices on Baumber, Bolingbroke, Hareby, East Kirkby,
etc.
[15b] See the Notices of Baumber and Stourton.
[16] They had also large possessions in the counties of York and
Durham.
[19] The descendants of Ivo Tailbois seem to have lost the
commanding position of their ancestor; since in a Close roll of Henry
VII., No 30., it is stated that Sir Robert Dymmok, and others, “being
seized of the Manors of Sotby and Baumburg, granted an annuity
therefrom of £20 to William Tailboys, who now assigns the deed,
granting that annuity to him, to Bartholomew Rede, citizen, and
goldsmith, of London, for a debt,” (evidently a London money-
lender), Dated May 9th, Henry VII., A.D. 1494.
[20] This Mr. Thomas Livesey married Lydia, widow of Matthew
Dymoke Lister, Esq., of Burwell Park, and was buried at Burwell,
1790, March 28th. (‘Notices of the Listers’, “Architect Journal,” 1897,
pp. 92, 3).
[26a] According to Magna Britannia, it had an annual fair as well as
a weekly market, on Tuesdays; although Leland (Itiner. Cur., vol. vii.
52), says “It hath once a year a fair, but hath no weekly market.”
But surely the larger mart could imply the smaller, and Weir in his
History of Lincolnshire (vol. ii. p. 407), mentions an attempt at New
Bolingbroke, to “revive the market on Tuesday,” showing that there
was one of old.
[26b] To show the extent of the soke, we find from “Inquisition post
mort. 41, Ed. III., No. 47,” that in 1367 it was decided that Ralph de](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/85307-250406220241-bd3645f7/85/Android-Cookbook-1st-Edition-Ian-F-Darwin-48-320.jpg)
![Nevill holds “a fee in Ulceby, as of this Manor.” Yet Ulceby is distant
several miles.
[27] The Tenor bell was also re-hung at her expense.
[28] The present writer had the charge of that excursion, and twice
visited the church in company of the Precentor, to examine its
details, which he has done again at a more recent date.
[29] That there was a chantry here is proved by the fact, that at the
Lincolnshire Rising in 1536, the Bishop’s Chancellor Dr. Rayner, was
seized while being ill in bed at the house of the Chantry Priest, and
afterwards murdered. Arch. S. Journal, 1894, p. 195.
[30a] Proceed. Archæolog. Inst. Lincoln. (1848, p. 188).
[30b] She was given in marriage by William the Conqueror to his
nephew, Ivo Taille-bois, Earl of Anjou; but he dying early to her
great relief, she married secondly Roger de Romara, son of Gerald,
who had been Seneschall or High Steward to William as Duke of
Normandy, before the conquest of England. For third husband she
married Ranulph, Earl of Chester.
[30c] A tradition still lingers in the parish of Bucknall, that the place
was in some way connected with the Lady Godiva; and here we get
the connection. Her brother, and therefore doubtless her father, was
Lord of the Demesne of Bucknall. The Lord (Saxon “Laford”) and
Lady (Saxon “Lafdig”) were esteemed for the loaf (Saxon “Laf”)
dealt out to the hungry dependants, and their memory still lingers
like a sweet savour behind them.
[31a] The Lady Lucia conveyed, and the conveyance was confirmed
by King John, the church and benefice of Bolingbroke to the Priory
of Spalding (Dugdale Monasticon ii., 381); and, according to Liber
Regis, it paid to the Priory a pension of £3 6s. 8d.
[31b] The Thorolds were also men of position in Normandy. The
name is on the ancient Bayeux tapestry; and it also still survives in
the old family residence, the Hotel de Bourgthorould, in Rouen.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/85307-250406220241-bd3645f7/85/Android-Cookbook-1st-Edition-Ian-F-Darwin-49-320.jpg)
![[32] The Head Office of the Duchy is now in London at Lancaster-
place, Strand; but two courts are held at Bolingbroke in May and
October for all copyhold accounts.
[34a] There was formerly at Edlington an old Jacobean Hall, on the
site of the later Hall. The entire fittings of the dining room of this
structure, some 23ft. in length, still survive in the dining room of
Rollestone House, Horncastle, the residence of R. Jalland, Esq.
[34b] Mrs. Heald was the daughter of George Heald, Esq., Barrister,
of the Chancery Court, commonly known, as “Chancellor Heald,” to
whom, with his wife, and daughter Emma, there is a marble
monument, on the north wall of the Chancel, in St. Mary’s Church,
Horncastle. He died, March l8th, 1834. The Chancellor also at one
time resided at Edlington Hall.
[37a] This Sir Walter Tailboys was the son of Henry Tailboys, and
his wife Ahanora, who was daughter and heir of Gilbert Burdon, and
his wife Elizabeth, the latter being sister and heir of Gilbert
Umfraville, Earl of Angus.
[37b] Sir John Bolles, of Thorpe Hall, is the hero of the tradition of
“the Green Lady,” of that place. She nursed him while imprisoned in
Spain, and fell in love with him. He was obliged to explain to her
that he had a wife at home already, whereupon she made valuable
presents of jewellery to him for his wife. She was said to haunt
Thorpe Hall, and for some time a plate was always laid, and a vacant
place kept for her at the table. Some of this jewellery still exists,
and is worn, to my knowledge, by connections of the family (see
Percy’s Ballads, vol. I., “The Spanish Lady’s Love”).
[41] In the “Placito de quo Warranto,” p. 409, these gallows are
distinctly referred to as “furcœ in Edlington,” and the same
document says “Abbs de Bardeney venit hic,” etc., “the Abbot of
Bardney comes here,” doubtless to see for himself that the
punishment is duly inflicted.
[47a] Lady of the Lake, Canto IV. 12, the Ballad of Alice Brand.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/85307-250406220241-bd3645f7/85/Android-Cookbook-1st-Edition-Ian-F-Darwin-50-320.jpg)
![[47b] Mavis is the thrush, and Merle the blackbird.
[47c] Domesday Book, translated by Charles Gowan Smith,
dedicated to Earl Brownlow, Earl Yarborough, and H. Chaplin, Esq.,
M.P. (Simpkin, Marshall and Co.)
[49] The Billesbies were a good family. Sir Andrew Billesby was
involved in the rebellion of 1536. He was steward of Louth Park
Abbey and Bullington Priory.
[54] This Bishop was, at the date of Domesday, William de
Karilepho. He had been Abbot of St. Vincent; was consecrated
Bishop of Durham, January 3rd, 1082, and held the office of Chief
Justice of England under the Conqueror. He was an ambitious man,
and acquired great possessions, largely in this neighbourhood. He
was banished from his See for three years by William Rufus for
conspiring, with many of the nobility, against the throne. And for
the part which he took in the quarrel between Rufus and Archbishop
Anselm, he was so severely rebuked that he died of wounded pride.
[58] We have, in the north of the county, Goxhill which, in
Domesday Book, is Golse; and in Broughton, not far from thence, is
the hamlet Gokewell; both of which may contain the same prefix.
Although Goltho, which has a similar sound, is a corruption of
Caldicot.
[59] It is not improbable that these early possessions in Goulceby,
&c., may have come to the Cromwells indirectly on the females’ side,
through their connections, the Willoughbys; since we find, by a Feet
of Fines (Lincoln, folio 69, A.D. 1302), that as early as the reign of
Edward I., a suit was instituted between John Bec (of the ancient
Spilsby and Lusby family), and Robert Wylgheby; wherein it was
proved that the Willoughbys even then held lands in “Golkeby,
Donington,” etc.
[60a] Feet of Fines, Lincoln, Trinity, 22 Elizabeth (“Architect. S.
Journ.” 1895, p. 129.)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/85307-250406220241-bd3645f7/85/Android-Cookbook-1st-Edition-Ian-F-Darwin-51-320.jpg)
![[60b] I have referred to this Thomas Glemham, in notices of
Mareham-le-Fen, of which manor he was Lord. Other members of
the family settled elsewhere in the neighbourhood, besides Burwell,
the headquarters.
[60c] British Museum, Add., 5524., fol. 68.
[60d] He was eventually imprisoned by Cromwell, and died in exile
in Holland.
[61] It is also stated that Mrs. Eleanor Lister “was buryed in ye
vault, Dec. ye 28th, in woollen”; and their first-born grandson
Matthew, baptized 7 May, 1703, was “buried in woollen” on the 13th
of the same month.
[69] Of course it is possible that the supposed owner of Greetham
may have been this second Lord Strafford, whose Ancestors held
Ashby Puerorum. I quote this from a paper in the “Architectural
Society’s Journal” of 1891, by Rev. A. R. Maddison, F.S.A., entitled “A
Ramble through the parish of St. Mary Magdalene,” in which he
mentions house property in Lincoln belonging to the Wentworths. It
certainly shows a connection of the Wentworths with Ashby
Puerorum, then probably still an appurtenance of the Greetham
Manor.
[73] The close connection of Haugh and Hagi, is shown by
Domesday Book, which called the Lincolnshire village Haugh Hage.
Taylor (“Words and Places”) connected the word with “hedge” and
our modern “haw-haw,” a sunk fence; and so a hedged enclosure.
[75] The present holders of this title (the Keppels), are a different
family, their honour dating only from 1696. Albemarle or Awmarle, a
town in North Normandy, is now Aumale, from which the Duc
d’Aumale takes his title.
[76] The Blunts (or Blounts) were an old Norman Family, who came
over at the Conquest. The name is in the Rolls of Battle Abbey.
Walter Blunt was created Baron de Mountjoy by Ed. IV. The fine](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/85307-250406220241-bd3645f7/85/Android-Cookbook-1st-Edition-Ian-F-Darwin-52-320.jpg)
![church of Sleaford was built by Roger Blunt, in 1271, as appears
from an old MS. found in the parish chest (“Saunder’s Hist.,” vol. ii.
p. 252). Camden (“Britannia,” p. 517), says that they had a “a fine
house” in his day (circa 1600), at Kidderminster, and he mentions Sir
Charles Blunt, Knight, as having a fine seat at Kimlet in Salop, where
their “name is very famous” (p. 542). The late Sir Charles Blunt
used to visit Harrington in this neighbourhood, where the writer has
met him, in days gone by, and enjoyed sport with his beagles.
[78] Richard Gedney, in his will dated 1 April, 1613, speaks highly of
Thomas Cheales of Hagworthingham, “Yeoman, whom he makes his
trustee.” A junior branch of the Cheales family now reside at
Friskney. The Rev. Alan Cheales still owns land here, now residing at
Reading. He is the 11th in descent from Anthonie, who bought the
property in 1590.
[82] These are no longer to be found, but they were mentioned in a
MS. belonging to Sir Joseph Banks, dated 1784. Another brief was
for “ye first Fast day for ye Plague, 1665, the sum of 15s
6a
” (August
2nd) “September ye 6th, ye 2nd Fast day for ye Plague 1665 . . . 13s
7d and 2s more was added afterwards.” Six Fast days were
mentioned, when money was collected “for ye Plague.” Among
items, in the Church accounts, were:—“A sheet borne over the
sacrament,” a “Kyrchuffe that our Lady’s coat was lapped in,” “to
Peter Babbe for gilding the Trinity, iiiili
xvis
0d
.” “It for painting the
Dancing geere,” (i.e. at the May-pole). “It for viii. pound of waxe for
Sepulchre lights iiiis
iiiid
.” “It for ii. antiphoonies bought at Stirbridge
faire (&c.) iiili
xis
7d
”; “It for thacking the steeple xs
”; “To William
Edwards for finding our Lady’s light viiiis
iiiid
”; “iiili
xs
given to finde
yearly an obitt for the soul of Lawrence Clerke, . . . to say Dirige and
Masse, . . . and for the bede roule,” &c. There are charges, for “vi
gallons yearly of aile” for the ringers. The “Church corne, given of
the good will of the inhabitants to the value of xxs
viiid
.” “Wessell
(Wassail) for the young men.” “The town bull sold for iis
viiid
a
quarter.” &c., &c. (“Lincs. N & Q.” vol. i. pp. 5–13).](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/85307-250406220241-bd3645f7/85/Android-Cookbook-1st-Edition-Ian-F-Darwin-53-320.jpg)
![[83] There are mounds, and traces of a moat in a field in Langton,
showing that there was formerly a large residence, probably the
home of this branch of the Angevin family, who came over with the
Conqueror.
[84a] Gair means a triangular piece of land which requires
ploughing a different way from the rest of the field. There was a
Thomas Baudewin had lands in Coningsby in the reign of Henry III.
106. Coram Rege Roll, 42, Henry III. “Linc. N. & Q.” iv. p. 102.
[84b] A pulse diet, for man or beast, seems to have been very
general. Pesedale-gate, means the gate, or road by the Pease-
valley. We have Pesewang, i.e. Peasefield, in High Toynton,
Pesegote-lane in Spilsby, and there are similar names at Louth, and
elsewhere.
[87] Streatfeild (“Lincolnshire and the Danes,” p. 219) says “from
the old Norse ‘heri,’ or hare, come Eresby (or Heresby) and Hareby.”
In south Lincolnshire, hares are still called “heres.” The canting crest
of the Withers’s family, is a hare’s head, with ears up-pricked.
Whether there is any connection between “ear” and “eres” or hares,
I know not, but the long ears are a distinguishing feature, and often
the only part of the animal visible in tall covers; and there is the
same variation, in the presence, or absence, of the aspirate,
between the noun “ear” and the verb “to hear,” as between Eresby
and Hareby. The writer has a vivid recollection of the hares as a
feature of the locality, as he has frequently joined coursing parties at
Hareby, many years ago, when there was game enough to afford
sport for 30 couple of greyhounds. Fuller in his “Worthies of
England,” p. 150 (Circa 1659), tells of a Dutchman who came over
and spent a season in hunting “in Lincolniensi montium tractu,” in
the mountainous parts of Lincolnshire; and as foxhounds were not
established at that date, this must have been hare hunting in these
Wolds.
[88] These accounts are worked out carefully, by Weir, in his
History, but the various steps are very complicated and some](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/85307-250406220241-bd3645f7/85/Android-Cookbook-1st-Edition-Ian-F-Darwin-54-320.jpg)
![authorities differ from him in minor details. By an Inquisition, 37
Henry III., it was shewn that in 1253, William de Bavent owned the
Castle and manors attached to it.
[90a] See “History of the Ayscoughs,” by J. Conway Walter,
published by Mr. W. K. Morton, Horncastle.
[90b] Of this Blagge the following anecdote is preserved. He was a
favourite with Henry VIII., who called him familiarly his “little pig.” A
retrograde religious movement occurring towards the end of this
reign, Blagge, with others, was imprisoned as an offender against
the law of the Six Articles (1539) against Popish practices. By
Henry’s interposition he was released and restored to his office. On
his first re-appearance at Court, the King said to him:—“So you have
got back again my little pig,” to which Blagge replied, “Yes, and but
for your Majesty’s clemency, I should have been roast pig before
now.”
[90c] The Cuppledykes were large owners of property in this
neighbourhood, several of their monuments still remaining in
Harrington Church and elsewhere.
[91] The pedigree of the Littleburies is given in the “Visitation of
Lincolnshire,” A.D. 1562–1564, edited by Mr. W. Metcalf, F.S.A., A. Bell
& Sons, 1881. Sir Humphrey Littlebury was descended from Hamon
Littlebury, of Littlebury Manor, Essex, A.D. 1138. Sir Martin Littlebury
Knight was Chief Justice of England, 28 Henry III., A.D. 1243. Fuller
particulars of this family are given in other of these Records.
[93] This record is interesting as giving an instance of the title “Sir”
as applied to the Clergy. A graduate of the University, having the
M.A. degree was styled “Master” so and so, but when in Holy
Orders, if he was only a B.A. he was styled “dominus,” the English
equivalent of which was “Sir.” This was a general style of address,
and was continued in the Isle of Man to a late period.
In “A Short Treatise on the Isle of Man,” by James Chaloner,
governor, date 1656, it is stated that all the clergy who are natives](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/85307-250406220241-bd3645f7/85/Android-Cookbook-1st-Edition-Ian-F-Darwin-55-320.jpg)
![have this title, even in one case a curate being so styled. In Bale’s
“Image of bothe Churches” (circa 1550), it is said, “the most ragged
runagate among them is no less than a Sir, which is a Lord in the
Latin.” In Pulleyn’s “Etymological Compendium,” we find “The title of
‘Sir’ was given to all who had taken a degree, or had entered into
Orders.” Thus, Hearne, the Antiquary, after he had taken the degree
of B.A., was addressed as “Sir Hearne” (Aubrey’s Letters, i. 117), and
William Waynfleet (afterwards Bishop of Winchester), when he had
taken the same degree, was called “Sir Waynfleet,” (“Chandler’s
Life,” p. 54), Chaucer in his “Canterbury Tales,” speaks of “Sir Clerk,”
“Sir Monk,” and it even appeared in Acts of Parliament, as 12 and 13
Ed. IV., N. 14, “Sir James Theckness, Preste,” and i. Henry VII., p.
11, “Sir Oliver Langton, Preste? Sir Robert Nayelsthorp, Preste.”
[95] In a ploughed field, about 300 yards from the main road, a
large boulder was discovered by a ploughman, in 1902, measuring
about 3ft. in length, some 2½ft. in height, and about the same in
thickness, being also ice-borne Neocomian.
[98a] The learned Dr. Oliver (“Religious Houses,” Appendix, p. 167,
note 40) says, “wherever the word ‘Kir,’ or any of its derivatives, is
found, it implies a former Druid temple.” This syllable forms the
base of the Latin “Circulus,” and our own “Circle.” We find many
interesting British names containing it; for instance, in the name of
that favourite resort of tourists in North Wales, Capel Curig, we have
the plural Kerig, implying the British (or Druid) sacred circle of
stones, while we have also, prefixed, the translation of it by the
Roman Conquerors of those Britons, “Capella,” or Chapel. As a
parallel to this, we may mention, that in Wiltshire on “Temple”
Downs, there are some stone Druidical remains, which are locally
known by the name of “Old Chapel” (Oliver, Ibid., p. 175, note 66).
Again in Kerig y Druidion, another place in North Wales, we have the
sacred circle “Kerig,” directly connected with the Druids, in the suffix
Druidion. There is also at Kirkby Green, near Sleaford, a spot called
“Chapel Hill,” another at the neighbouring village Dorrington](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/85307-250406220241-bd3645f7/85/Android-Cookbook-1st-Edition-Ian-F-Darwin-56-320.jpg)
![[98b] Mr. Taylor (“Words and Places” p. 130) says, “the names of
our rivers are Celtic (i.e. British).” There is a river Ben, in Co. Mayo;
Bandon, Co. Cork; Bann, Co. Wexford; Bana, Co. Down; Bannon
(Ban-avon), in Pembrokeshire; Banney, in Yorkshire; and Bain, in
Hertfordshire.
[99a] The exact meaning of “by” is seen in the German, which is
akin. In Luther’s translation of Job. xxvi. 5, for “they dwell,” the old
German is “die bey”; the latter word being our word “bide,” or
“abide.” A “by” was an “abode,” or permanent residence; so the
Lincolnshire farmer calls the foundation of his stack, the “steddle,”
connected with the Saxon, “steady,” and “stead” in “homestead,” &c.
[99b] Government Geological Survey, pp. 154–5.
[100a] Portions of Waddingworth and Wispington are given in
Domesday Book, as being in the soke of Great Stourton, and Kirkby-
on-Bain. Stourton Magna, was formerly a place of some importance,
sites being still known as the positions of the market place, &c.
[100b] The names of Fulbeck, and Fulstow, are given in Domesday
Book, as Fugel-beck, and Fugel-stow.
[101a] Charter copied from “Dugdale” v., 456. Date 1199.
[101b] In a cartulary of Kirkstead Abbey, of the early part of the
12th century, now in the British Museum (“Vespasian” E. xviii.), there
is an agreement between the Abbot of Kirkstead, and Robert de
Driby, “Lord of Tumby,” that the Abbots’ “mastiffs” should be allowed
in “the warren,” of Tumby, at all times of the year, with the
shepherds, on condition that they do not take greyhounds; and if
the mastiffs do damage to the game, they shall be removed, and
other dogs taken in their stead. (“Architect S. Journal” xxiii. p. 109).
[102a] In the Cathedral of this City is still preserved the famous
Baieux tapestry, said to be the work of Matilda, the Conqueror’s wife,
in which are represented the exploits of her husband, in the
Conquest of England.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/85307-250406220241-bd3645f7/85/Android-Cookbook-1st-Edition-Ian-F-Darwin-58-320.jpg)
![[102b] He remained a prisoner during the reign of the Conqueror.
On the accession of William Rufus, he was set at liberty, and
restored to favour; but, after a time, heading a conspiracy against
the King, in support of Robert, Duke of Normandy, and being
defeated, he once more retired to that country, where Duke Robert
rewarded him by making him Governor of the province.
[104a] Among the other parishes, Cockerington, Owmby, Withcall,
Hainton, North Thoresby, Friesthorpe, Normanby, Ingham, Sixhills,
&c., in all seventeen.
[104b] The historian Camden (“Britannia,” fol. 711, 712), gives a
curious origin of the name Pontefract, which means “Broken
Bridge.” He says that William Archbishop of York, returning from
Rome, was here met by such crowds, to crave his blessing, that the
bridge over the river Aire broke beneath their weight, and great
numbers fell into the river. The prayers of the saint preserved them
from being drowned, and hence the name was given to the place.
This however, occurred A.D. 1154, and, as documents exist of an
earlier date, in which the name is found, as already in use, the
legend would seem to be a fabrication. It is probable, says another
historian, that Hildebert gave the name to the place, from its
resemblance to some place in his own country where he was born;
the name being of Latin or Norman origin.
[104c] These connections, with authorities, are given fully in an
article on the “Descent of the Earldom of Lincoln,” in “Proceedings of
the Archæological Institute” for 1848, Lincoln volume pp. 252–278.
[106] As an illustration of the fickleness and superstition of the
times, although he was condemned as a traitor by Edward II., he
was regarded as a martyr in the cause of liberty by the people, and
was canonized as a Saint by Edward III., son of the King who
condemned him. Miracles were said to be wrought at his tomb; and
a Church was built, for pilgrims to the place where he was
executed. (Rapin’s Hist. vol. i. for 396; Boothroyd’s “Hist.
Pontefract” pp. 95, &c).](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/85307-250406220241-bd3645f7/85/Android-Cookbook-1st-Edition-Ian-F-Darwin-59-320.jpg)
![[108] To show the power and lawlessness of some of these Lords of
Kirkby and Tumby, it is recorded that the servants of this Simon de
Driby took a waggon, with a hogshead of wine, from Louth to
Tumby, by their master’s orders, and there forcibly detained it, “to
the damage of 60s
.” a large sum in those days. (“Hundred Rolls,” p.
333.)
[109a] The last Baron D’Eyncourt died in the reign of Henry VI. His
sister married Ralph Lord Cromwell. Probably from this connection
the warden of Tattershall College had lands in Kirton (“Peerage,” vol.
ii., p. 62, and Tanner’s “Notitiæ,” p. 286.) The D’Eyncourts still
survive at Bayons Manor, near Market Rasen. Their ancestors came
over with the Conqueror, and held many manors in Lincolnshire.
Walter D’Eyncourt was a great benefactor to Kirkstead Abbey in the
reign of Ed. I. (Madox, “Baronia Anglica,” p. 217.) The first Walter
was a near relative of Bishop Remigius, who also accompanied the
Conqueror. A tomb was opened in Lincoln Cathedral in 1741
supposed to be that of this Walter, and the body was found carefully
sewn up in leather.
[109b] Of another of the Cromwells, a few years later, it is found by
a Chancery Inquisition post mortem (15 Hen. VI., No. 71) that, to
prove his birth, John Hackthorne, of Walmsgare, testifies that he
saw him baptized; and being asked how he knows this, he says that,
on the said day, he saw Thomas Hauley, knight, lift the said infant,
Robert Cromwell, at the font. This Sir Robert was succeeded by
Ralph Lord Cromwell in 1442. This Sir T. Hauley also presented to
the benefice of Candlesby, next after Matilda, wife of Ralph Lord
Cromwell (“Linc. N. and Q,” vi., p. 76.) Thus there was a Hawley
connected with the place at that early period, but, as will be shown
further on, the family of the present Sir H. M. Hawley did not obtain
their property here till more than 300 years later (“Architect S.
Journal,” xxiii., p. 125).
[111] In former times parsons had the title “Sir,” not as being
Knights, or Baronets, but as the translation of “Dominus,” now
rendered by “Reverend.”](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/85307-250406220241-bd3645f7/85/Android-Cookbook-1st-Edition-Ian-F-Darwin-60-320.jpg)
![[115a] In those days the wild boar, as well as deer, were plentiful in
our forests, and were protected by royal statute. The punishment
for anyone killing a boar, without the King’s licence, was the loss of
his eyes. They became extinct about A.D., 1620; as to the deer, an
old Patent Roll (13, Richard II., pt. 1, m. 3), mentions that a toll of
one half penny was leviable on every “100 skins of roebuck, foxes,
hares, &c.,” brought for sale to the Horncastle market. This would
look as though roe-deer at least, were then fairly plentiful.
[115b] For further particulars of this family see “History of the
Ayscoughs,” by J. Conway Walter, published by W. K. Morton,
Horncastle. Henry Ascoughe, by his will, dated 16 Nov. 1601,
desires to be buried in the parish church of Moorbye (“Maddison’s
Wills.”)
[117a] Two different things were formerly meant by the term
“graduale,” or “grayle.” (1) It was the name given to the
Communion Chalice, or Paten, probably from the “Sangraal,” or holy
vessel, said to have been found in the chamber of “the last supper,”
of our Lord, by Joseph of Arimathæa, and in which he afterwards
collected the blood (sang-reale, or King’s blood), from the wounds of
the crucified Saviour. This vessel, in Arthurian romance, was said to
have been preserved in Britain, and to have possessed miraculous
properties. The legend has been finely adopted by our late Poet
Laureate in the “Quest of the Holy Grayle,” among his “Idylls of the
King.” (2). The name was given to a part of the service of the Mass
in pre-Reformation times, which was called the “Gradual,” or grail,
because it was used at the steps (“gradus”) of the chancel. As the
inscription on the first-named of these Kirkby tombs mentioned the
gift of a “Missal,” or mass book, it is probable that the “gradual” here
mentioned was this portion of the mass book, and not the
Communion Chalice, or Paten. The Communion plate of Kirkby does
not appear to be very old.
[117b] The writer of these Records has also a copy of this
engraving, it is dated 1800, and has the initials, E. C. The church is
represented with the roof fallen in, the porch closed by rails, south](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/85307-250406220241-bd3645f7/85/Android-Cookbook-1st-Edition-Ian-F-Darwin-61-320.jpg)
Android Cookbook 1st Edition Ian F. Darwin
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- 5. Android Cookbook 1st Edition Ian F. Darwin Digital Instant Download Author(s): Ian F. Darwin ISBN(s): 9781449388416, 1449388418 Edition: 1 File Details: PDF, 8.48 MB Year: 2011 Language: english
- 8. Android Cookbook Android Community Experts Beijing • Cambridge • Farnham • Köln • Sebastopol • Tokyo
- 9. Android Cookbook by Android Community Experts Copyright © 2011 Ian Darwin and Contributors. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Published by O’Reilly Media, Inc., 1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebastopol, CA 95472. O’Reilly books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promotional use. Online editions are also available for most titles (http://safari.oreilly.com). For more information, contact our corporate/ institutional sales department: (800) 998-9938 or corporate@oreilly.com. Editor: Ian F. Darwin Production Editor: Copyeditor: Proofreader: Indexer: Cover Designer: Interior Designer: Illustrators: and November 2011: First Edition. Revision History for the First Edition: See http://oreilly.com/catalog/errata.csp?isbn=9781449388416 for release details. Android is a trademark of Google, Inc. for their open-source operating environment for mobile devices. Linux is a trademark of Linus Torvalds. Java is a trademark of Oracle America Corporation (formerly Sun Microsystems). Nutshell Handbook, the Nutshell Handbook logo, and the O’Reilly logo are registered trademarks of O’Reilly Media, Inc. !!FILL THIS IN!! and related trade dress are trademarks of O’Reilly Media, Inc. Many of the designations uses by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and O’Reilly Media, Inc. was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in caps or initial caps While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and authors assume no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information con- tained herein. ISBN: 978-1-449-38841-6 [?] 1318018084
- 10. Table of Contents Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii 1. Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1 Introduction: Getting Started 1 1.2 Learning the Java Language 1 1.3 Hello World - Command Line 3 1.4 Hello World - Eclipse Version 5 1.5 Set Up an Android Virtual Device for Apps Testing 10 1.6 Set Up an IDE on Windows to Develop for Android 23 1.7 Android Lifecycle 32 1.8 Opening a Web Page, Phone Number or anything else with an Intent 33 1.9 Email Text From a View 35 1.10 Sending an email with attachments 38 1.11 Installing .apk files on the emulator 40 1.12 Installing apps onto an Android Emulator 40 1.13 Android Epoch HTML/Javascript Calendar 43 1.14 Sharing Java classes from another Eclipse Project 48 1.15 Referencing libraries to implement external functionality 49 1.16 Use SDK Samples to Help Avoid Head Scratching 50 1.17 Keeping the Android SDK Updated 55 1.18 Five Ways to Wire Up an Event Listener 61 1.19 Taking a Screenshot from the Emulator/Android Device 69 1.20 Program: A Simple CountDownTimer example 70 1.21 Program: Tipster, a tip calculator for the Android OS 73 2. Designing a successful Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 2.1 Introduction: Designing a Successful Android application 91 2.2 Keeping a Service running while other apps are on display 95 2.3 Starting a service after phone reboot 97 2.4 Exception Handling 98 2.5 Sending/Receive broadcast message 100 v
- 11. 2.6 Android's Application Object as a "Singleton" 101 2.7 Keeping data when the user rotates the device 103 2.8 Creating a Responsive Application using Threads 105 2.9 Eating Too Much CPU Time In The UI Causes A Nasty Result 107 2.10 AsyncTask: Do background tasks and modify the GUI 113 2.11 Monitoring the Battery Level of your Android Device 114 2.12 Splash Screens in Android: Method 1 115 2.13 Splash Screens in Android: Method 2 117 2.14 Designing a Conference/*Camp/Hackathon App 123 2.15 Implementing Autocompletion in Android. 124 2.16 Using Google Analytics in Android Application 126 2.17 Using AsyncTask to do background processing 128 2.18 A Simple Torch Light 134 2.19 Adapting Android Phone Application to Tablet 136 2.20 First Run preferences 138 2.21 Formatting the time and date display 139 2.22 Controlling Input with KeyListeners 142 2.23 Android Application Data Backup 145 2.24 Making password fields 151 2.25 Working Without Tooltips: Use Hints Instead 152 3. Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 3.1 Introduction: Testing 157 3.2 How to TDD(test driven development) Android App 157 3.3 How to troubleshoot "The application has stopped unexpectedly. Please try again" 158 3.4 Debugging using Log.d and LogCat 161 3.5 Keep Your App Snappy With StrictMode 163 3.6 Barrel of Monkeys 164 3.7 Sending text messages and placing calls between AVDs 165 3.8 Activity LifeCycle Scenarios for Testing 166 4. Content Providers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 4.1 Introduction: Content Providers 175 4.2 Retrieving Data from a Content Provider 175 4.3 Writing a Content Provider 177 4.4 Android Remote Service 179 5. Graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 5.1 Introduction: Graphics 185 5.2 Getting Screenshots 185 5.3 Using a Custom Font 186 5.4 Draw a spinning cube with OpenGL ES 191 vi | Table of Contents
- 12. 5.5 Adding control to the OpenGL spinning cube 196 5.6 Taking a Picture Using an Intent 199 5.7 Taking a Picture Using android.media.Camera 201 5.8 Using AndroidPlot to display charts and graphs in your Android application. 205 5.9 Use Inkscape to Create an Android Launcher Icon 207 5.10 Easy Launcher Icons from OpenClipArt.org using Paint.NET 216 5.11 Android HTML5 RGraph Charting 228 5.12 Simple Raster Animation 232 6. Graphical User Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 6.1 Introduction: GUI 239 6.2 User Interface Guidelines (placeholder) 240 6.3 SlidingDrawer Overlapping other UI components 240 6.4 Android 3.0 Photo Gallery 244 6.5 Building a UI using Fragments API of Android 3.0 in Android 2.2 246 6.6 Haptic Feedback 250 6.7 Handling Configuration Changes by Decoupling View from Model 254 6.8 Let Them See Stars: Using RatingBar 257 6.9 Invoke an action handler when a Button is pressed 260 6.10 Creating an Alert Dialog. 263 6.11 Customize the SlidingDrawer component to animate/transition from the top down. 264 6.12 Use a Timepicker widget 266 6.13 Formatting with Correct Plurals 268 6.14 Feed AutoCompleteTextView using a SQLite database query 272 6.15 Change The Enter Key to "Next" on the Soft Keyboard 273 6.16 How to Create a Simple Widget 277 6.17 Make a View Shake 280 6.18 Using CheckBoxes and RadioButtons 281 6.19 Creating a Notification in the Status Bar 286 6.20 Autocompletion with Icons/Images 288 6.21 Creating your own Custom Title Bar 295 6.22 iPhone-like wheel picker for selection 298 6.23 Simple Calendar 302 6.24 Formatting Numbers 310 6.25 Start a Second Screen from the First 314 6.26 Creating a Tabbed Dialog 322 6.27 Creating a Custom Dialog with buttons, images and text 326 6.28 Create a Custom Menu 328 6.29 Loading Screen in between two Activities 330 6.30 Implementing reactions on click of items in a Custom Menu. 333 6.31 Navigate different activities within a TabView 336 Table of Contents | vii
- 13. 6.32 Drop-down Chooser via the Spinner Class 338 6.33 Effective UI design using Image Buttons 340 6.34 Pinch to zoom 343 6.35 Add a Border with Rounded Corners to a Layout 346 6.36 Creating a ProgressDialog in Android. 347 6.37 Creating a Submenu. 349 6.38 Processing key press events in an Activity. 351 6.39 Constrain EditText Values with Attributes and the TextWatcher Interface 352 6.40 Gesture Detection in Android 355 6.41 Customizing the Look of a Toast 362 6.42 Using SlidingDrawer to Overlap Other Components 363 7. GUI: ListView . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367 7.1 Introduction: ListView 367 7.2 Building list-based applications with ListView 367 7.3 'No data' View for Lists 372 7.4 Advanced ListView: populating a list with images and text 373 7.5 ListView with Icons/images 379 7.6 Sectioned Headers in ListViews 386 7.7 Making Lists Behave Nicely 392 7.8 Writing A Custom List Adapter 393 7.9 Orientation Changes : From ListView data values to Landscape Charting 396 8. Multimedia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407 8.1 Introduction: Multimedia 407 8.2 Play a Youtube Video 407 8.3 Using Gallery with ImageSwitcher 408 8.4 Grabbing a video using MediaRecorder 411 8.5 Android Face Detection 414 8.6 Playing audio from a file 417 8.7 Playing Audio without Interaction 420 8.8 Using Speech to Text 421 8.9 Making the Device Speak with TTS 423 9. Data Persistence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427 9.1 Listing a Directory 427 9.2 Default shared preferences consistency check 429 9.3 Advanced text search 431 9.4 How to push string-values using Intent.putExtra() 437 9.5 Retrieving data from a Sub-Activity back to your Main Activity 439 9.6 Getting total and free space on the SD card 442 viii | Table of Contents
- 14. 9.7 Creating a SQLite database in an Android application. 442 9.8 Retrieving data from a SQLite database. 444 9.9 Inserting values into a SQLite database. 445 9.10 Work With Dates in SQLite 445 9.11 Parsing JSON using the Jackson Parser 448 9.12 Parsing an XML document using the DOM API 451 9.13 Parsing an XML document using an XmlPullParser 453 9.14 Accessing data from a file shipped with the App rather than in the filesystem 456 9.15 Adding a Contact 457 9.16 Reading Contact Data 461 9.17 Parsing JSON using JSONObject 463 10. Telephone Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467 10.1 Introduction: Telephone Applications 467 10.2 Do something when the phone rings 467 10.3 Process outgoing calls 471 10.4 Dialing the phone 475 10.5 Sending single or multipart SMS messages 476 10.6 Receiving an SMS in an Android Application. 478 10.7 Using Emulator Controls to send SMS to the Emulator. 480 10.8 Android TelephonyManager. 480 11. Networked Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491 11.1 Introduction: Networking 491 11.2 Using a RESTful Web Service 491 11.3 Extracting Information from Unstructured Text using Regular Expressions 494 11.4 Parsing RSS/ATOM feeds parsing with ROME 496 11.5 Using MD5 to Digest Free Text 500 11.6 Converting text into hyperlinks 502 11.7 Accessing a web page through your Android application 503 11.8 Customizing a WebView 505 12. Gaming and Animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507 12.1 Introduction: Gaming and Animation 507 12.2 Android Game Programming - Introduction to Flixel-Android 508 12.3 Introduction to Game Programming using AndEngine (Android- Engine) 510 13. Social Networking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517 13.1 Facebook Integration 517 13.2 Social Networking Integration using Http 525 Table of Contents | ix
- 15. 13.3 Loading a user's Twitter timeline (using JSON) 528 14. Location and Map Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533 14.1 Introduction: Location-Aware Applications 533 14.2 Getting Location Information 533 14.3 Access GPS information anywhere in your application 535 14.4 Mocking GPS Coordinates On A Device 537 14.5 Geocoding and Reverse Geocoding 539 14.6 Getting ready for Google Maps development 540 14.7 Using Google Maps in your Android App 547 14.8 How to show your current location in a map 548 14.9 To Add Device's current location to Google Maps 549 14.10 Draw a location marker on a Google MapView 550 14.11 Drawing multiple location markers on a MapView 556 14.12 Creating Overlays for a Google MapView 560 14.13 Changing Views of a MapView. 561 14.14 Draw overlay icon without using Drawable 562 14.15 Location search on Google maps 567 14.16 MapView inside TabView 568 14.17 Handling longpress in a map 572 14.18 Using OpenStreetMap 575 14.19 Creating overlays in OpenStreetMaps 576 14.20 Using a scale on an OpenStreetMap 579 14.21 Handling touch events on an OpenStreetMap Overlay 582 14.22 Getting location updates with OpenStreetMaps 584 15. Accellerometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593 15.1 Using the accelerometer to detect shaking of the device 593 15.2 Introduction: Sensors 596 15.3 Checking for device facing up or facing down based on screen orientation using Accelerometer. 597 15.4 Finding the orientation of an Android device using Orientation sensor. 598 15.5 Checking for the Presence or Absence of a Sensor 600 15.6 Reading the Temperature Sensor 601 16. Bluetooth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603 16.1 Introduction: Bluetooth 603 16.2 Connecting to Bluetooth enabled device 603 16.3 Enabling Bluetooth and making the device Discoverable. 606 16.4 Listening for Bluetooth Connection Requests. 607 16.5 Bluetooth Device discovery 609 x | Table of Contents
- 16. 17. System and Device Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611 17.1 Phone network/connectivity information 611 17.2 Changing incoming call notification to Silent, Vibrate, or normal 612 17.3 Rebooting the Device 614 17.4 Running shell commands from your application 616 17.5 Copying text and getting text from the Clipboard 617 17.6 Making LED based notifications 619 17.7 Making the Device Vibrate. 620 17.8 Determining Whether a Given Application is Running 621 18. Other Programming Languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623 18.1 Run external/native Linux command 623 18.2 Running Adobe Air/Flex on Android 624 18.3 Getting Started with ''Scripting Layer for Android'' (formerly Android Scripting Environment) 625 18.4 Running Native Code with JNI on the NDK 627 18.5 Introduction: Other Programming Languages 632 18.6 Intro to Flex 4.5 Android Programming 634 18.7 Sharing your scripts (ASE) using QR codes 636 18.8 Using native handset functionality from webview using Javascript 638 19. Internationalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 641 19.1 Introduction: Internationalization 641 19.2 Internationalizing Application Text 642 20. Packaging, deploying and selling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 647 20.1 Signing Your Application 647 20.2 How to integrate Admob into your app 648 20.3 Distributing Your Application via the Android Market 652 20.4 Creating a Signing Certificate 654 20.5 Obfuscating and Optimizing with ProGuard 657 20.6 Provide a Link to other Published Apps in the Market 660 21. Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663 21.1 Introduction: Everything Else 663 21.2 Sending messages between threads using activity thread queue and Handler class 663 21.3 Intercommunication amongst Applications 665 22. Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667 22.1 Names 667 Table of Contents | xi
- 18. Preface Preface Ian Darwin Android is "the open source revolution" applied to cellular telephony. At least, part of it. There are many other attempts to provide open source cell phones, ranging from the mostly-defunct Openmoko Freerunner through QT Embedded, Moblin, LiMo, Debian Mobile, Maemo to the recently-open-sourced Symbian OS. Not to mention the estab- lished non-open-source stalwarts: Blackberry OS, Apple's iPhone, and Microsoft Win- dows Mobile (these have developer toolkits, but their OS is not available as open source). "Nobody's armchair is a good predictor of the future", though, as Mike O'Dell once said. Does Android have a place in the sun alongside these other players? We think it does. This book is here to help the Android developer community share the knowledge that will make it happen. Those who contribute knowledge here are helping make Android development easier for those who come after. About Android Android is a mobile technology platform that provides cell phones, tablets and other hand-held and mobile devices (even netbooks) with the power and portability of the Linux operating system and the reliability and portability of a standard high-level lan- guage and API. Android apps are written in the Java language, using tools such as Eclipse, compiled against the Android API, and translated into bytecode for the Dalvik VM. Android is thus related by OS family to Openmoko, QT Embedded, MeeGo (the 2010 merger of Nokia's Maemo and Intel's MobLin), OPhone, LiMo and other Linux-based cell phone projects. Android is also related by programming language to Blackberry and JavaME phones, and to Java and the wider realm of Java Enterprise applications. Android sales have continued to climb; there is a report from NPD that first-quarter 2010 sales of all Android devices exceeded sales of the iPhone, moving it into second xiii
- 19. place (although still well behind the Blackberry platform). Surely it was due in part to major carrier Verizon's 2-for-1 sale, but that doesn't account for all of it... Who This Book Is From This book was written by several dozens of Android developers from the Android community at large. Development occurred in the open, on the web site Android- Cookbook.com, which I wrote to allow people to contribute, view, review and com- ment upon, the recipes that would make up this book. A complete list can be found in Chapter 22. I am deeply grateful to all the contributors, who have helped moved this book from a dream to the reality that you have in your hands (or on-screen if you are reading the eBook format). Thank you all! Who This Book Is For We assume you know the basics of the Java language. If not, see “Pref- ace” on page xiii. We also assume you know the basics of the Java Standard Edition API (since this forms the basis of Android's runtime libraries) as well as the basics of Android. The terms "activity", "intent", and "content provider", while not necessarily being what you dream about at night, should at least be familiar to you. What's in this Book? Chapter 1, Getting Started, takes you through the steps of setting up the Android de- velopment environment and building several simple applications of the well-known "Hello World" type pioneered by Brian Kernighan. Chapter 2, Designing a successful Application, covers some of the differences in mobile computing that will hit developers coming from desktop and enterprise software en- vironments, and talks about how mobile design (in particular Android design) differs from those other environments. Testing is often an afterthought for some developers, so we put this early on, in Chap- ter 3, Testing. Not so you'll skip it, but so you'll read and heed. We talk about unit testing individual components as well as testing out your entire application in a well- controlled way. In Chapter 4, Content Providers, we show you how to make an application that can be used by other applications through something as simple but ubiquitous (in Android) as the URL. Chapter 5, Graphics, covers a range of topics related to graphics, including use of the graphical drawing and compositing facilities in Android as well as using desktop tools to develop graphical images, textures, icons, and so on that will be incorporated into your finished application. xiv | Preface
- 20. Every mobile app needs a GUI, so Chapter 6, Graphical User Interface, covers all the ins and outs of GUI development for Android. Examples are given both in XML and in hard-coded GUI development. Chapter 7, GUI: ListView, focuses on one of the most important Graphical User Inter- faces in Android, the ListView. Android is rich in multimedia capabilities. Chapter 8, Multimedia, shows how. Chapter 9, Data Persistence, shows how to save data into files, databases and so on. And how to retreive it later, of course. Android started out as an operating system for mobile telephones. Chapter 10, Tele- phone Applications, shows how to control and react to the telephone device that is in most mobile devices nowadays. Mobile devices are, for the most part, always-on and always-connected. This has a major impact on how people use them and think about them. Chapter 11, Networked Applications, shows the coding for traditional networked applications. This is followed by Chapter 12, Gaming and Animation, and Chapter 13, Social Networking. The now-ubiquitous Global Positioning System has also had major implications on how mobile applications work. Chapter 14, Location and Map Applications, discusses how to find your location, how to get map data from Google and OpenStreetMap, and how applications can be location-aware in ways that are just now being explored. Chapter 15, Accellerometer, talks about the sensors built into most Android devices and how to use them. There may be a Chapter 16, Bluetooth, if there's enough to say about it, going way beyond connecting your Bluetooth(TM) headset to your phone. This is followed by Chapter 17, System and Device Control. In Chapter 18, Other Programming Languages, we explore the use of other program- ming languages to write all or part of your Android application. Examples include C, Perl, Python, Lisp, and other languages. While this book is in English, and English remains the #1 language worldwide, it is far from the only one. And most end users would much rather have an application that has its text in their language and its icons in a form that is culturally correct for them. Chapter 19, Internationalization, goes over the issues of language and culture and how it relates to Android. Most Android developers hope that their applications will be used by other people. But this won't happen unless users can find your application. Chapter 20, Packaging, de- ploying and selling, shows how to prepare your application for distribution via the An- droid Market, and to use that as well as other markets to get your application out to the people that will use it. Preface | xv
- 21. Finally, Chapter 21, Other, covers a few miscellaneous topics that don't quite fit any- where else. Other Books You May Like Java Books T.B.A. Android Books T.B.A. Programming and Design Books T.B.A. Conventions Used in This Book The following typographical conventions are used in this book: Italic Indicates new terms, URLs, email addresses, filenames, and file extensions. Constant width Used for program listings, as well as within paragraphs to refer to program elements such as variable or function names, databases, data types, environment variables, statements, and keywords. Constant width bold Shows commands or other text that should be typed literally by the user. Constant width italic Shows text that should be replaced with user-supplied values or by values deter- mined by context. This icon signifies a tip, suggestion, or general note. This icon indicates a warning or caution. xvi | Preface
- 22. Using Code Examples This book is here to help you get your job done. In general, you may use the code in this book in your programs and documentation. You do not need to contact us for permission unless you’re reproducing a significant portion of the code. For example, writing a program that uses several chunks of code from this book does not require permission. Selling or distributing a CD-ROM of examples from O'Reilly books does require permission. Answering a question by citing this book and quoting example code does not require permission. Incorporating a significant amount of example code from this book into your product’s documentation does require permission. We appreciate, but do not require, attribution. An attribution usually includes the title, author, publisher, and ISBN. For example: "Book Title by Some Author. Copyright 2008 O'Reilly Media, Inc., 978-0-596-xxxx-x." If you feel your use of code examples falls outside fair use or the permission given above, feel free to contact us at permissions@oreilly.com. Safari® Books Online Safari Books Online is an on-demand digital library that lets you easily search over 7,500 technology and creative reference books and videos to find the answers you need quickly. Withasubscription,youcanreadanypageandwatchanyvideofromourlibraryonline. Read books on your cell phone and mobile devices. Access new titles before they are available for print, and get exclusive access to manuscripts in development and post feedback for the authors. Copy and paste code samples, organize your favorites, down- load chapters, bookmark key sections, create notes, print out pages, and benefit from tons of other time-saving features. O'Reilly Media has uploaded this book to the Safari Books Online service. To have full digital access to this book and others on similar topics from O'Reilly and other pub- lishers, sign up for free at http://my.safaribooksonline.com. How to Contact Us Please address comments and questions concerning this book to the publisher: O'Reilly Media, Inc. 1005 Gravenstein Highway North Sebastopol, CA 95472 800-998-9938 (in the United States or Canada) 707-829-0515 (international or local) 707-829-0104 (fax) Preface | xvii
- 23. We have a web page for this book, where we list errata, examples, and any additional information. You can access this page at: http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/9781449388416 To comment or ask technical questions about this book, send email to: bookquestions@oreilly.com For more information about our books, conferences, Resource Centers, and the O'Reil- ly Network, see our website at: http://www.oreilly.com xviii | Preface
- 24. CHAPTER 1 Getting Started 1.1 Introduction: Getting Started Ian Darwin Discussion The famous "Hello, World" pattern came about when Kernighan and Plaugher wanted to write a "Recipe" on how to get started in any new programming language and envi- ronment. This chapter is affectionately dedicated to these fine gentlemen, and to ev- eryone who has ever struggled to get started in a new programming paradigm. 1.2 Learning the Java Language Ian Darwin Problem Android apps are written in the Java(tm) programming language before they are con- verted into Android's own class file format, DEX. If you don't know how to program in Java you will find it hard to write Android apps. Solution There are lots of resources available to learn Java. Most of them will teach you what you need, but will also teach some API classes that are not available. Avoid any sections in any book that talk about topics in the left-hand column: Table 1-1. Parts of Java API to Ignore Java API Android Equivalent Swing, Applets Android's GUI, see [[Introduction: GUI]] application entry point main() See [[Android Lifecycle]] 1
- 25. Java API Android Equivalent J2ME/JavaME Most of android.* replaces JavaME API Servlets/JSP, J2EE/JavaEE Designed for server-side use Discussion Here are some books and resources: • O'Reilly's Java in a Nutshell is a good introduction for programmers, particularly those immigrating from C/C++. This book has grown from an acorn to a coconut in size, to keep up with the growth of Java SE over its lifetime. • Head First Java provides a great visual-learner-oriented introduction to the lan- guage. O'Reilly. • Thinking In Java (4th edition) by Bruce Eckel, Prentice-Hall. • Learning Java Formerly titled Exploring Java, O'Reilly. • Great Java videos provides a visual introduction to the language. • Java: The Good Parts From the book's web site: "What if you could condense Java down to its very best features and build better applications with that simpler ver- sion? In this book, veteran Sun Labs engineer Jim Waldo reveals which parts of Java are most useful, and why those features make Java among the best program- ming languages available..." • Java Cookbook (disclosure: I wrote this book) is regarded as a good second book for Java developers. It has entire chapters on Strings, Regular Expressions, Num- bers, Dates & Time, Structuring Data, I/O and Directories, Internationalization, Threading and Networking, all of which apply to Android. It has a number of chapters that are specific to Swing and to some EE-based technologies. What's needed is for somebody to write a book on Android for non-Java Program- mers that would include just exactly the right parts of standard Java language and API along with all the Android stuff. Available now in three volumes, ships in its own cool retro wooden case... :-). See Also This book's editor maintains a list of Java resources online at http://www.darwinsys .com/java/. O'Reilly has many of the best Java books around; there's a complete list at http://oreilly .com/pub/topic/java. 2 | Chapter 1: Getting Started
- 26. Discovering Diverse Content Through Random Scribd Documents
- 27. Hugh Fitz-Eudo, 8, 105, 152, 229 Hussey, Lord, 212 ,, family, 212 Hustwaite, Sir Edward, 50 I. Ingelby, Sir H. D., Bart., 80 Inguar and Hubba, Danes, 40 Ipre, Sir John, 141 Ivo Taillebois, 15, 24, 48, 58, 87, 121, 137, 138, 139, 151, 159, 176, 180, 188 ,, his tyrranous nature, 159, 188 J. Jeffery, Stennet, murderers of, 119, 120 Jenney, Sir Thomas, 125 K. Karilepho, William de, Bishop of Durham, 48, 54, note, 101, 102, 103, 144, 151, 208, 215, 228 ,, Abbey of St., in Normandy, 102 “Key-hole” window in Lusby church, 155 Kighly, John, of Salmonby, at Agincourt, 172 King, E., of Ashby-de-la-Launde, land in Salmonby, 171 King Henry IV., 49, 88, 177 Kirketon, of Kirketon (Kirton), 66, 108, 109 Kirkby-on-Bain, church described, 116, 117, 118 ,, Armorial bearings, once in church, 109 ,, Jurisdiction of, 105 ,, a “town,” 105
- 28. ,, Pontefract also called Kirkby, 104 ,, Owners of— ,, ,, Ulmar, Godwin, Gonewate, Saxons, 101 ,, ,, Odo, Bishop of Baieux, 101 ,, ,, William de Karilepho, 101 ,, ,, Ilbert de Lacy, 103, 104 ,, ,, Eudo, son of Spirewic, 105 ,, ,, Henry Travers, 106 ,, ,, Wido de Laval, 106 ,, ,, Albreda de Lisours, 106 ,, ,, Richard Fitz-Eustache, 106 ,, ,, Earl of Lancaster, 106 ,, ,, Bec family, 106, 107 ,, ,, Willoughby family, 108 ,, ,, Ralph de Cromwell, 109 ,, ,, Dymokes and Cressies, 110 ,, ,, Percy family, 112 ,, ,, Lord Clinton, 114 ,, ,, Lord Fortescue, 114 ,, ,, Sir H. M. Hawley, 114 ,, ,, Stanhope family, 114 ,, ,, H. Rogers, Esq., 114 Kirkby, East, church described, 128, 131 ,, Owners of— ,, ,, Ivo Taillebois, 121 ,, ,, Romara family, 121 ,, ,, De La Launde family, 121 ,, ,, Duke of Lancaster, Henry IV. 121 ,, ,, Sir Vincent Skinner, 121 ,, ,, Littlebury family, 124 ,, ,, R. Maidens, Esq., 122 ,, ,, Dr. T. Robinson, 122 ,, ,, Stanhope and Coltman families, 122
- 29. ,, Bequest of money for “exhibition,” 124 and note ,, “Silver salt” and “silver flat piece,” 124 ,, Browne, Sir John, Knt., 126 ,, “Sergant of Privy Chamber,” 127 ,, Treasurer of Ireland, 127 ,, Granted land at “Peppercorn Rent,” 126, 127 ,, Ealand family, held “Honour of Peverel,” 127 ,, Sir William, Constable of Nottingham Castle, 127 ,, Lucy Faber gives meadow “to strew the monks’ floor,” 122 ,, Goodrich family, 123, 124, note ,, Bishop of Ely, his character, 131 note ,, Epigram on, 131 note ,, Sapcote family, 125 ,, Silkstone, Robert de, Monument in Church, 126 ,, Smerehorn, Alan gives Watermill to Revesby Abbey, 128 ,, Webberly family, John, strong supporter of Charles I., 128 Kirkstead, Abbey founded by Hugh, Fitz Eudo, 105, 229 ,, Mastiffs, 101, note Knatchbull, Sir Edward, 114, 164 Knollys, Hanserd, Churchman and Baptist, 181 and note Kyme, Barony of, 61 ,, family, 110, 182 ,, Simon de, 131 L. Lacy, John de, 88 ,, John de, Earl of Lincoln, 104 ,, Ilbert de, Lord of Kirkby-on-Bain, 104, 177, 208 ,, Also of Pontefract, called Kirkby by the Saxons, 104 ,, Great possessions of, 104 ,, Henry de, 104 Lucia, 15, 87, 88, 121, 152, 159, 176, 178, 180, 189, 194, 208
- 30. Lancaster, Duke of, 27 ,, Thomas, Earl of, 106 Langrick, i.e., Long Creek, 99 Langton of Langton, Patron of Lusby, 1677–1833, 149 ,, Stephen de, Archbishop, 134 Laval, Wido de, 106 Lawlessness, temp. Simon de Tumby, 108 note Leedsgate, i.e., “our Lady’s gate,” 119 “Liber Niger,” Hearne’s, 54 Lichgate, memorial to Honble. E. Stanhope, 168 Lindisfarne, Monks of, 103 Lisours, Albreda de, 106 Lister, Sir Martin, Eminent Zoologist, &c., 61, 62 ,, Sir Matthew, Court Physician, &c., 60, 62 ,, Matthew, Esq., Lord of Oxcombe, 149 Littlebury, family of, 6, 8, 90, 91 and note, 124, 153 ,, Sir Humphrey, 6 ,, George of Somersby, 51 ,, Humphrey, 152 ,, John of Hagworthingham, 77 ,, Margaret, bequest to the poor, 170 ,, Their large residence, 171 Livesey, Thomas, Esq., of Blackburn, 20 Lodington family, 126 Lola Montez, 35 L’Oste, Revs. C. N., 166 and note Lusby church described, 135, 136 ,, Owners of— ,, ,, Tonna Almer and other Saxons, 131 ,, ,, Gilbert de Gaunt, 131 ,, ,, Simon de Kyme, 131 ,, ,, Walter de Bec, 132 ,, ,, Ranulph, Bishop of Durham, 132
- 31. ,, ,, Pinson, 132 ,, ,, John Bec, 133 ,, ,, Willoughby family, 133 ,, ,, Bishop of Durham, 134 Bishop of Lincoln, 134 M. Malbish, Osbert, 48 ,, Richard de, 47 Maletoft, Roger de, 178 Malo Lacu (Mauley) family of, 146 ,, Arms of, 147 Malo Lacu, Peter, born at Poictou, 146 ,, Built Castle of Mountgrace, 146 Manvers, Earl, 62, 80, 96 Manure of sheep in Kirkby granted to Kirkstead Abbey, 107 Margaret, St., 227, note Mastiffs of Kirkstead Abbey, 101, note Massenge, or Masinge, 123 and note Mavis Enderby, church described, 52–3 ,, Owners of, see Enderby, Mavis Meschines, Ranulph de, 88, 201 Mills, as valuable property, 12 note, 103, 105, 108, 135, note, 156, 176, 225 Miningsby, church described, 142 ,, ,, Runic stone in Churchyard, 142 ,, ,, Ranulph de, 139 ,, Owners of Miningsby— ,, ,, Moretaine, Earl of, 102 ,, ,, Ivo Taillebois, 138, 139 ,, ,, William de Romara, 139 ,, ,, Baldric, de Cheles, 139
- 32. ,, ,, Hugo Wac (Wake), 139 ,, ,, Ranulph de, Miningsby, 139 ,, ,, Hubert Walker, Archbishop, 140 ,, ,, Robert de Herecourt, 140 ,, ,, Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, 140 ,, ,, John Scayman, of Miningsby, 141 ,, ,, Robert de Willoughby, 141 ,, ,, Sir John de Ipre, 141 ,, ,, Richard Skepper, 140 ,, ,, Grynne family, 141 Monas-Tessera-Graphica, 51 Montez, Lola, 35 N. Names of fields, peculiar, 9, 10, 11, 18, 40, 70, 71, 79, 84, 114, 115, 119, 122, 123, 127, 141, 150, 151, 161, 170, 171, 207 Newcastle, Duke of, 20, 180 Newcomen, John, of “Sallaby,” 68 ,, Pedigree, 69 Newcomen, Richard, of “Nether Toynton,” 68 ,, Samuel, of “Nether Toynton,” 68, 69 “Niger Liber,” Hearne’s, 54 Northumberland, Earl of, 59 Nova-villa, Robert de, 208 O. Odd, Bishop of Baieux, 2, 101, 102, 182, 208 Old Revesby deeds, from Burghley House, 161 Oratory Medlam, (Revesby), 161 Ordericus Vitalis quoted, 226 Ormsby, Richard de, 146
- 33. Oswy, King of Northumbria, 102, 103 Otter, Francis, memorial window, 157 Otter, Miss, restored Ranby church, 1839, 156 P. Palfreyman, 44, 125 and note, 134 Parker, John, a “Recusant,” 80 “Pelham Buckle,” its origin, 178 and note “Peppercorn” rent, 127, 163 Percy, Henry, 59 Percy family, 110, 112 Pinson, “Dapifer,” 54, 132, 230 Plantagenet, Edmund, 88 Plantagenet, wood planted by, 90 Poolham, 35, 36, 37, 38, 43 Portland, Duke of, 181 Prayers for the dead, 84 Privilege of wearing hat before Royalty, 3, 195 Proviso, curious in Will, 124 Q. Quincy, Hawise de, 76 Robert de, 88 Quitclaims, Walter Bec, toll of corn, 107 ,, Manure of sheep, 107 R. Raithby church described, 154 ,, Owners of Raithby— ,, ,, Elnod, the Saxon, 151
- 34. ,, ,, William de Karilepho, 151 ,, ,, Ivo Taillebois, 151 ,, ,, Eudo, son of Spirewic, 152 ,, ,, Robert de Willoughby, 152 ,, ,, Littlebury family, 152, 153 ,, ,, Brackenbury family, 153 ,, ,, Rev. E. Rawnsley, 153 Ralph de Cromwell (Kirkby-on-Bain), 109 ,, St. Valery (Ranby), 156 Ranby, an appanage of Tupholme Abbey, 156 ,, Church described, 156, 157 ,, Owners of Ranby— ,, ,, Godric, the Saxon, 156 ,, ,, Odo, Bishop of Baieux, 156 ,, ,, Ralph de St. Valery, 156 ,, ,, Ralph de Cromwell, 156 note ,, ,, Otter family, 156, 157 Ranulph, Bishop of Durham, 54, 229 ,, of Miningsby, 139 Ratcliffe, Sir John (Kirkby-on-Bain), 97 Rede, Robert, Justice of the King, 49 Registers of Edlington, 42, 43 ,, Mavis Enderby, 50 ,, Salmonby, 169 ,, Sotby, 183 ,, Stixwold, 199, 200 ,, Winceby, 228 Rent of salt, 55 Revesby Abbey, cell at Mavis Enderby, 48 ,, Abbot’s possessions, 162 ,, Founded by William de Romara, 121 ,, Church described, 166, 167, 168 ,, Estates divided in 1552, 163
- 35. ,, Meaning of name, 157 and note ,, Owners of— ,, ,, Ivo Taillebois, 159 ,, ,, Roger de Romara, 159 ,, ,, William, de Romara, Earl of Chester, 159, 160 ,, ,, Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, 163 ,, ,, John Kersey, 163 ,, ,, Lord Treasurer Burghley, 164 ,, ,, Henry Howard, 164 ,, ,, Sir Joseph Banks, 164 ,, ,, J. Banks Stanhope, Esq., 164 ,, ,, Right Honble. E. Stanhope, 164 ,, Treasures at, 164, 165 ,, Tumuli at, 164, 165 “Riddings,” Kirkby, 115 Ring, silver salt, bequest of, 124 Riveaux Abbey, Revesby lands given to, 124 Roads repaired by monks, a duty, 158 Robbery at Halstead Hall, 205 Roman Sepulture, 13 ,, Urns, 56, 70 Rose, tenure by, 59 Runic stone, Marvis Enderby, 52 ,, Miningsby, 142, 143 S. Salmonby, church described, 172, 173 ,, Burials many, in 1723–4, 169 ,, Rectory held by William of Waynflete, 172 ,, Owners of— ,, ,, Hugh de Abrincis, 170 ,, ,, Geoffrey of Benigworth, 170
- 36. ,, ,, Littlebury family, 170, 171 ,, ,, Hamon Sutton, 171 ,, ,, Sir Anthony Thorold, 172 ,, ,, King, family of, Ashby de la Launde, 171 ,, ,, Reeve, family of, Ashby de la Launde, 171 ,, ,, Mrs. Nesbit Hamilton, Ogilvie, 173 ,, Flint implements found, 216 Sackville, Anne, Lady, 60 St. John family, 33 St. Sythe, Revesby, 160 St. Valery, Richard de, 156 Salt pans, 133 and note Salt rent, 155 Sapcote family, 125 and note Saxon churches, 40, 55, 56, 57, 75, 121, 184, 210 Scales, Sir Thomas, 125 Scales, Isabella, 141 Scamblesby and Cawkwell— ,, church described, 174, 175, 176 ,, Owners of— ,, ,, The Lady Lucia Thorold, 176 ,, ,, Ivo Taillebois, 176 ,, ,, Romara, Roger de, 176 ,, ,, William de, 177 ,, ,, Gilbert de Gaunt, 177 ,, ,, Blondville family, 177 ,, ,, De Lacy family, 177 ,, ,, John of Gaunt, 177 ,, ,, Priory of Spalding, 176, 178 ,, ,, Bishop of Lincoln, 178 ,, ,, Ecclesiastical Commissioners, 178 ,, ,, Earl of Yarborough, 178 ,, ,, Lill family, 178
- 37. ,, ,, Bourne family, 178 ,, ,, Kent, family of, curious bequests, 179, 180 ,, Cawkwell, church demolished, 181 ,, ,, Owners of— ,, ,, Lady Lucia, 180 ,, ,, Ivo Taillebois, 180 ,, ,, Sir Charles Cavendish, of Bolsover, 180 ,, ,, Dukes of Newcastle, 180 ,, ,, Earl of Oxford, 180 ,, ,, Bentinck family, 180 ,, ,, Duke of Portland, 180 Silkstone, Robert, monument to, 126 ,, large estates of, 126 Silver casket and coins found, 151 ,, “creeping,” 130 ,, “salt,” bequest of, 124 “Sir” equivalent to “parson,” 111, note Siward the Saxon, curious tradition of, 187 and note Skepper, George, 125 ,, Richard, buried in church, 123 ,, ,, will of, 140 Skinner family, of Hareby, 91 ,, of Old Bolingbroke, 91 ,, Sir Vincent, 91, 121 Skipwith, Sir William, 50 Slaves, bequest of, 162, 170 Smith, J. Bainbridge, D.D., tablet at Baumber, 21 ,, memorial window in Sotby, 185 Sotby, church described, 184, 185 ,, register, 16 burials in 1728, 183 ,, Owners of— ,, ,, Ulnod the Saxon, 182 ,, ,, Odo, B shop of Baieux, 182
- 38. ,, ,, Philip de Kyme, 182 ,, ,, William de Kyme, 183 ,, ,, Simon de Kyme, 183 ,, ,, Gilbert de Umfraville, 182 ,, ,, Sir Robert Dymok, knt., 183 ,, ,, Robert Taillebois, 183 “Spice boxes” at East Kirkby, 130 Spurs, tenure by, 84 “Squint” window at Lusby, 136 Stanhope family, 114, 122, 165 ,, Sir Richard, of Rampton, 109 Stennet, Jeffery, murder of, 119, 120 Stixwold, church described, 199, 200 ,, field names at, 207 ,, meaning of name, 185, 186 ,, Owners of— ,, ,, Ulviet and Siward, Saxons, 187 ,, ,, Waldin Brito, 188 ,, ,, Alured, of Lincoln, 188 ,, ,, Ivo Taillebois, 188 ,, ,, Alan, of Lincoln, 190 ,, ,, Roger de Romara, 189 ,, ,, Ranulph, Earl of Chester, 189, 190 ,, ,, Gilbert de Gant, 190 ,, ,, Bec family, 190 ,, ,, Pinso, “Dapifer,” 190 ,, ,, Willoughby family, 190 ,, ,, Robert de Haye, 190 ,, ,, Ranulph de Meschines, 190 ,, ,, Earl of Northumberland, 191 ,, ,, Robert Dighton, 191 ,, ,, Thimbleby family, 191 ,, ,, Savile family, 192
- 39. ,, ,, Sir John Coventry, 192 ,, ,, Lord High Admiral Anson, 192, 193 ,, ,, Edmund Turnor, Esq., 193 ,, Halstead Hall owners— ,, ,, Roger de Stixwold, 201 ,, ,, Sir Theobald de Stikeswald, 201 ,, ,, Ranulph de Meschines, 202 ,, ,, Welby family, 202 ,, ,, Evington family, 203 ,, ,, George Townshend, 203 ,, ,, Kirkland Snowden, 203 ,, ,, Gibbon family, 203 ,, ,, Sir John Coventry, 203, 204 ,, ,, Sir William Kyte, or Keate, 204 ,, ,, Lord Anson, 204 ,, ,, Edmund Turnor, Esq., 204 ,, Robbery at Halstead Hall, 204, 205, 206 Stixwold Priory, founded by “the Lady Lucia,” 194 ,, Benefactors— ,, ,, Galfred de Ezmondeys, 194 and note ,, ,, Alexander Creveceur, 194 and many others ,, Perquisites— ,, ,, “Assize of beer and bread,” 195 ,, ,, “Lincoln farthings,” 195 ,, ,, “Shot for wax,” 195 ,, Possessions very large, 195 ,, Prioress, the last, 196 ,, Registers mention— ,, ,, “Artillery in charges,” “town muskets,” etc., 200 ,, ,, Dog-whippers for church, 200 ,, ,, “Dunkirkers,” 200 ,, ,, “Dyke-reeve,” 200 ,, Vicars, list of, 200, 201
- 40. ,, stone coffins from, 199 ,, stone with curious device, cross within circle, 198 and note ,, Cistercian pottery found, 207 Stourton, church described, 209, 210 ,, benefice united to Baumber, 211 ,, Owners of— ,, ,, Grinchel, the Saxon, 209 ,, ,, Eudo, son of Spirewic, 208 ,, ,, Robert de Novâ Villâ, 208 ,, ,, Odo, Bishop of Baieux, 208 ,, ,, William de Karilepho, 208 ,, ,, Ilbert de Lacy, 208 ,, ,, Dighton family, 209 ,, ,, E. Clinton, Earl of Lincoln, 209 ,, ,, Duke of Newcastle, 209 ,, ,, W. H. Trafford, Esq., 209 ,, ,, R. Harrison, Esq., 211 ,, a Roman station, 209 ,, “Stoup” farm, 211 Stoups, 25, 53, 154 Sweating sickness, 60, 149 T. Tapestry, Baieux, 102, note Tetford, 211 ,, church described, 213 ,, Saxon, formerly existing, 211 ,, Owners— ,, ,, Elmer, Arnwi and Britnod, Saxons, 211 ,, ,, Thomas (of Baieux) Archbishop of York, 212 ,, ,, Gozelin, son of Lambert, 212 ,, ,, De Hesele family, 212
- 41. ,, ,, Cormayle family, 212 ,, ,, Creveceur family, 212 ,, ,, Braybœuf family, 212 ,, ,, Barkworth family, 212 ,, ,, Thimbleby family, 212 ,, ,, Savile family, 212 ,, ,, George Anton, Esq., 212 ,, ,, Hussey family, 213 ,, ,, Dymoke family, 213 ,, ,, Sir H. A. H. Cholmeley, 213 ,, ,, Meaburn Staniland Esq., 213 ,, ,, Executors of G. Westerby, 213 ,, Tetford witch, 214, 215 Thimbleby, imprisoned at Lincoln, cruel treatment of wife, 37 ,, family, 212 Thorndyke, Francis, of Scamblesby, (Lincolnshire Gentry, 1634), 176 Thorold, of Bucknall, 150 ,, Horncastle, Dean of, 161 ,, of Horsington, 42 ,, of Salmonby, 172 Touthby, John de, 36 Tyrwhitt, Sir William, 180 U. Umfraville, Gilbert de, Earl of Angus, 59, 110, 182, 188, note V. Valery, St., Ralph de, 156 Vere, Earl of Oxford, 49
- 42. W. Wac (Wake), Hugh, gives land to Revesby Abbey, 139 Waddingworth, 215 ,, meaning, probable, of name, 217 ,, church described, 221, 222 ,, Dymoke monument, 221 ,, Owners of— ,, ,, William de Karilepho, 218 ,, ,, Eudo, son of Spirewic, 218 ,, ,, Tupholme Abbey, 218 ,, ,, Richard de Waddingworth, 218 ,, ,, Roger Fulstow, 219 ,, ,, Thomas Dighton, 219 ,, ,, George Townshend, 220 ,, ,, George Snowden, 220 ,, ,, Edward Dymoke, 221 ,, ,, Trafford Southwell family, 221 ,, ,, Vyner family (of Gautby), 221 ,, a native of, became Lord Mayor of London, 220 ,, old armour in cottage, 222 ,, highway robbery of resident in, 220 Wainflete, William of, Rector of Salmonby, 172 Walesby monument, 157 Ward, Rev. R. F., 172 Watermills, 12, 176 Webberley family, 128 Welby, Thomas, of Oxcombe, 147 ,, large possessions of, 147 ,, family, of Stixwold, 203 Welles, Sir Robert, 50, 77 Wentworth, Lord Strafford, 69 William de Barkworthe, 35
- 43. ,, Wodehall, 42 Willoughby, arms of, 110 ,, d’Eresby, 55 ,, family of, 89, 108 ,, and Kirkstead Abbey, 230, note , of Parham, 4, 55 ,, Robert de, 141, 152, 230 ,, Sir William, 55, 138, 230 Willoughby, Rev. West, charity of, 118, 119 Winceby, church described, 227 ,, a haunted boulder, 225 ,, Owners of— ,, ,, Agemund the Saxon, 225 ,, ,, Gozelin the Norman, 225 ,, ,, Hugh de Abrincis, 225 ,, ,, Gaunt family, 226 ,, ,, Duke of Lancaster, 226 ,, ,, C. Manwaring, Esq., 226 ,, ,, Hill family, 226 ,, register, curious entries, 228 ,, fight, 228, 229, 230 Wispington, church described, 238, 239 ,, Owners of— ,, ,, William de Karilepho, Bishop of Durham, 231 ,, ,, Eudo, son of Spirewic, 232 ,, ,, Kirkstead Abbey, 234 ,, ,, Bec family, 233 ,, Sir William Willoughby, 233 ,, Robert Phillips, Esq., 235 ,, Phillips Glover, Esq., 236 ,, Turnor family, of Stoke Rochford, 237 ,, anecdote of Vicar, R. Glover, 238, note ,, benefice formerly a rectory, 241
- 44. ,, duel fought by Major Glover, 244 ,, list of vicars, 242 ,, Manor house, formerly a fine residence, 237 ,, register, names “weaver” and “spinster,” 242, 243 ,, spinning, a common occupation, 243, note Witch of Tetford, 214, 215 Witham debouched at Wainfleet, 99 Woodstock, Edmund of, 65 Y. Yarborough, Earl of, 178
- 45. FOOTNOTES. [0] The corrigenda has applied in this transcription.—DP. [2a] Among the names in the “Myntlyng” MS., of Spalding Priory, is “John atte Ash,” i.e., John living by “the Ash,” which in time became John Ash. The ash tree was supposed to have peculiar virtues: weakly children were passed through it three times, before sunrise, to give them strength; and to the Rowan, or mountain-ash many superstitions are attached. (“Folklore,” vol. ii., No. 1, p. 88, et alibi.) [2b] It would appear, however, that water was a more marked feature of the locality 100 years ago. Sir Joseph Banks, writing of the antiquities of Ashby, in an article contributed to “Archæologia” at that time (vol. xii., p. 96), mentions the “sloping hills with brisk rills of water running through almost every valley.” It should not be forgotten that formerly a tract of forest extended all along this district, so that (as I have mentioned elsewhere) a Dutch sportsman spent a whole season in hunting “in Lincolniensi montium tractu,” among the Lincolnshire hills. When that forest was cleared away, as a natural consequence the streams would shrink in volume, or disappear altogether. [4] The Elands were landowners in Stourton, East Kirkby, and other places. One of them resided at East Kirkby as late as 1870. Sir William Eland was Constable of Nottingham Castle, 1330, and M.P. for the county in 1333 (Bailey’s “Annals,” vol. i., p. 223). The Gedneys were considerable owners in the neighbourhood. In the church at Bag Enderby there is a handsome stone mural monument of Andrew and Dorothy Gedney, with their two sons and two
- 46. daughters kneeling before prayer desks. This Andrew Gedney married Dorothy, daughter of Sir William Skipwith, of South Ormesby, by his wife, Alice Dymoke. [5] John de Kirketon (or Kirton), near Boston, received the honour of knighthood from Ed. II., owned Tattershall and Tumby, and was summoned to Parliament 16 Ed. III. They had large property in Boston in 1867 (Thompson’s “History of Boston,” p. 226). [6a] The pedigree of the Littleburys is given in the Herald’s “Visitation of Lincolnshire” 1562–4; edited by W. Metcalf, F. S. A. (Bell and Sons, 1881). [6b] Sir Thomas Meeres was knighted 11 June, 1660. He was almost continuously M.P. for Lincoln from 1660 to his death in 1708. (“Architect. Soc. Journal,” 1891, p. 13.) [7] The late Poet Laureate, in his poem “Walking to the Mail” (Poems, 1842), tells of a farmer who was so pestered by the presence of this ghost about his house, that he harnessed his horse to his cart and started to leave home to get rid of it:— “The farmer, vext, packs up his bed, And all the household stuff, and chairs, And with his boy betwixt his knees, his wife Upon the tilt—sets out and meets a friend, Who hails him, ‘What! Art flitting?’ ‘Yes, we’re flitting,’ says the ghost, For they had packed her among the beds. ‘Oh! Well!’ the farmer says, ‘You’re flitting with us too! ‘Jack, turn the horse’s head, and home again.’” There are sundry other ghosts, or witches, remembered in the neighbourhood, which may be heard of by the curious. [9] Among the lists of institutions to benefices, preserved in the Archives at Lincoln, is that of “Thomas Hardie, clerk, presented by the Dean and Chapter, Vicar, A.D. 1567.” This was in the reign of
- 47. Queen Elizabeth; the patronage, therefore, was probably granted to that body by her father, Henry VIII., on the dissolution of the Tattershall College. (“Institutions, 1540–1570,” edited by Rev. C. W. Foster.) [10] The writer has reason to remember the hollowness of the beck, for on one occasion, when riding with the foxhounds, there being a steep descent to the beck, and the beck itself having rotten, hollow banks, the soil gave way beneath his horse’s hind legs, and, although they landed on the other side, the horse was all in a heap, and the rider shot over its head. They, however, recovered themselves, and no other riders attempting it they gained a considerable advantage over the rest of the field. When shooting along its banks he has seen places where the hollowness was still more marked, the beck itself being barely more than two feet wide, and four feet, or even more, deep. [12a] “The culverhouse, or dovecote, attached to old baronial and other houses, was a valuable source of food supply in days when the fattening of cattle was not understood.” (“Nature and Woodcraft,” by J. Watson.) [12b] The existence of this watermill is not without interest. They were a source of considerable revenue, and this probably belonged to the monks of Tattershall College, and all their tenants would be expected to have their grain ground at it. In an ancient MS., of Spalding Priory, it is recorded that certain tenants of the Prior were heavily fined because they took their corn to be ground elsewhere. [12c] At a monastery at Norwich 1,500 quarters of malt were used annually for ale. Ingulphus, the abbot of Croyland, laments in his History, the damage caused by a fire at the Abbey, inasmuch as it “destroyed the cellar and casks full of ale therein” (quoted Oliver’s “Religious Houses,” p. 15, note 5). [13] The full inscription is:—“Here lyeth Rychard Lyttleburye, of Stanesbye in ye countie of Lincoln Esquier and Elizabeth his wyffe
- 48. daughter of Sir Edmund Jenney of Knotsolt in the countie of Suff. Knight, which Richard departed this lyfe in the xiii year of the Reign of King Henry ye eight Ao. D’ni. 1521 and Elizabeth dyed in ye xv yeare of ye Raigne of ye sayd King H. Ao. 1523.” [15a] See Notices on Baumber, Bolingbroke, Hareby, East Kirkby, etc. [15b] See the Notices of Baumber and Stourton. [16] They had also large possessions in the counties of York and Durham. [19] The descendants of Ivo Tailbois seem to have lost the commanding position of their ancestor; since in a Close roll of Henry VII., No 30., it is stated that Sir Robert Dymmok, and others, “being seized of the Manors of Sotby and Baumburg, granted an annuity therefrom of £20 to William Tailboys, who now assigns the deed, granting that annuity to him, to Bartholomew Rede, citizen, and goldsmith, of London, for a debt,” (evidently a London money- lender), Dated May 9th, Henry VII., A.D. 1494. [20] This Mr. Thomas Livesey married Lydia, widow of Matthew Dymoke Lister, Esq., of Burwell Park, and was buried at Burwell, 1790, March 28th. (‘Notices of the Listers’, “Architect Journal,” 1897, pp. 92, 3). [26a] According to Magna Britannia, it had an annual fair as well as a weekly market, on Tuesdays; although Leland (Itiner. Cur., vol. vii. 52), says “It hath once a year a fair, but hath no weekly market.” But surely the larger mart could imply the smaller, and Weir in his History of Lincolnshire (vol. ii. p. 407), mentions an attempt at New Bolingbroke, to “revive the market on Tuesday,” showing that there was one of old. [26b] To show the extent of the soke, we find from “Inquisition post mort. 41, Ed. III., No. 47,” that in 1367 it was decided that Ralph de
- 49. Nevill holds “a fee in Ulceby, as of this Manor.” Yet Ulceby is distant several miles. [27] The Tenor bell was also re-hung at her expense. [28] The present writer had the charge of that excursion, and twice visited the church in company of the Precentor, to examine its details, which he has done again at a more recent date. [29] That there was a chantry here is proved by the fact, that at the Lincolnshire Rising in 1536, the Bishop’s Chancellor Dr. Rayner, was seized while being ill in bed at the house of the Chantry Priest, and afterwards murdered. Arch. S. Journal, 1894, p. 195. [30a] Proceed. Archæolog. Inst. Lincoln. (1848, p. 188). [30b] She was given in marriage by William the Conqueror to his nephew, Ivo Taille-bois, Earl of Anjou; but he dying early to her great relief, she married secondly Roger de Romara, son of Gerald, who had been Seneschall or High Steward to William as Duke of Normandy, before the conquest of England. For third husband she married Ranulph, Earl of Chester. [30c] A tradition still lingers in the parish of Bucknall, that the place was in some way connected with the Lady Godiva; and here we get the connection. Her brother, and therefore doubtless her father, was Lord of the Demesne of Bucknall. The Lord (Saxon “Laford”) and Lady (Saxon “Lafdig”) were esteemed for the loaf (Saxon “Laf”) dealt out to the hungry dependants, and their memory still lingers like a sweet savour behind them. [31a] The Lady Lucia conveyed, and the conveyance was confirmed by King John, the church and benefice of Bolingbroke to the Priory of Spalding (Dugdale Monasticon ii., 381); and, according to Liber Regis, it paid to the Priory a pension of £3 6s. 8d. [31b] The Thorolds were also men of position in Normandy. The name is on the ancient Bayeux tapestry; and it also still survives in the old family residence, the Hotel de Bourgthorould, in Rouen.
- 50. [32] The Head Office of the Duchy is now in London at Lancaster- place, Strand; but two courts are held at Bolingbroke in May and October for all copyhold accounts. [34a] There was formerly at Edlington an old Jacobean Hall, on the site of the later Hall. The entire fittings of the dining room of this structure, some 23ft. in length, still survive in the dining room of Rollestone House, Horncastle, the residence of R. Jalland, Esq. [34b] Mrs. Heald was the daughter of George Heald, Esq., Barrister, of the Chancery Court, commonly known, as “Chancellor Heald,” to whom, with his wife, and daughter Emma, there is a marble monument, on the north wall of the Chancel, in St. Mary’s Church, Horncastle. He died, March l8th, 1834. The Chancellor also at one time resided at Edlington Hall. [37a] This Sir Walter Tailboys was the son of Henry Tailboys, and his wife Ahanora, who was daughter and heir of Gilbert Burdon, and his wife Elizabeth, the latter being sister and heir of Gilbert Umfraville, Earl of Angus. [37b] Sir John Bolles, of Thorpe Hall, is the hero of the tradition of “the Green Lady,” of that place. She nursed him while imprisoned in Spain, and fell in love with him. He was obliged to explain to her that he had a wife at home already, whereupon she made valuable presents of jewellery to him for his wife. She was said to haunt Thorpe Hall, and for some time a plate was always laid, and a vacant place kept for her at the table. Some of this jewellery still exists, and is worn, to my knowledge, by connections of the family (see Percy’s Ballads, vol. I., “The Spanish Lady’s Love”). [41] In the “Placito de quo Warranto,” p. 409, these gallows are distinctly referred to as “furcœ in Edlington,” and the same document says “Abbs de Bardeney venit hic,” etc., “the Abbot of Bardney comes here,” doubtless to see for himself that the punishment is duly inflicted. [47a] Lady of the Lake, Canto IV. 12, the Ballad of Alice Brand.
- 51. [47b] Mavis is the thrush, and Merle the blackbird. [47c] Domesday Book, translated by Charles Gowan Smith, dedicated to Earl Brownlow, Earl Yarborough, and H. Chaplin, Esq., M.P. (Simpkin, Marshall and Co.) [49] The Billesbies were a good family. Sir Andrew Billesby was involved in the rebellion of 1536. He was steward of Louth Park Abbey and Bullington Priory. [54] This Bishop was, at the date of Domesday, William de Karilepho. He had been Abbot of St. Vincent; was consecrated Bishop of Durham, January 3rd, 1082, and held the office of Chief Justice of England under the Conqueror. He was an ambitious man, and acquired great possessions, largely in this neighbourhood. He was banished from his See for three years by William Rufus for conspiring, with many of the nobility, against the throne. And for the part which he took in the quarrel between Rufus and Archbishop Anselm, he was so severely rebuked that he died of wounded pride. [58] We have, in the north of the county, Goxhill which, in Domesday Book, is Golse; and in Broughton, not far from thence, is the hamlet Gokewell; both of which may contain the same prefix. Although Goltho, which has a similar sound, is a corruption of Caldicot. [59] It is not improbable that these early possessions in Goulceby, &c., may have come to the Cromwells indirectly on the females’ side, through their connections, the Willoughbys; since we find, by a Feet of Fines (Lincoln, folio 69, A.D. 1302), that as early as the reign of Edward I., a suit was instituted between John Bec (of the ancient Spilsby and Lusby family), and Robert Wylgheby; wherein it was proved that the Willoughbys even then held lands in “Golkeby, Donington,” etc. [60a] Feet of Fines, Lincoln, Trinity, 22 Elizabeth (“Architect. S. Journ.” 1895, p. 129.)
- 52. [60b] I have referred to this Thomas Glemham, in notices of Mareham-le-Fen, of which manor he was Lord. Other members of the family settled elsewhere in the neighbourhood, besides Burwell, the headquarters. [60c] British Museum, Add., 5524., fol. 68. [60d] He was eventually imprisoned by Cromwell, and died in exile in Holland. [61] It is also stated that Mrs. Eleanor Lister “was buryed in ye vault, Dec. ye 28th, in woollen”; and their first-born grandson Matthew, baptized 7 May, 1703, was “buried in woollen” on the 13th of the same month. [69] Of course it is possible that the supposed owner of Greetham may have been this second Lord Strafford, whose Ancestors held Ashby Puerorum. I quote this from a paper in the “Architectural Society’s Journal” of 1891, by Rev. A. R. Maddison, F.S.A., entitled “A Ramble through the parish of St. Mary Magdalene,” in which he mentions house property in Lincoln belonging to the Wentworths. It certainly shows a connection of the Wentworths with Ashby Puerorum, then probably still an appurtenance of the Greetham Manor. [73] The close connection of Haugh and Hagi, is shown by Domesday Book, which called the Lincolnshire village Haugh Hage. Taylor (“Words and Places”) connected the word with “hedge” and our modern “haw-haw,” a sunk fence; and so a hedged enclosure. [75] The present holders of this title (the Keppels), are a different family, their honour dating only from 1696. Albemarle or Awmarle, a town in North Normandy, is now Aumale, from which the Duc d’Aumale takes his title. [76] The Blunts (or Blounts) were an old Norman Family, who came over at the Conquest. The name is in the Rolls of Battle Abbey. Walter Blunt was created Baron de Mountjoy by Ed. IV. The fine
- 53. church of Sleaford was built by Roger Blunt, in 1271, as appears from an old MS. found in the parish chest (“Saunder’s Hist.,” vol. ii. p. 252). Camden (“Britannia,” p. 517), says that they had a “a fine house” in his day (circa 1600), at Kidderminster, and he mentions Sir Charles Blunt, Knight, as having a fine seat at Kimlet in Salop, where their “name is very famous” (p. 542). The late Sir Charles Blunt used to visit Harrington in this neighbourhood, where the writer has met him, in days gone by, and enjoyed sport with his beagles. [78] Richard Gedney, in his will dated 1 April, 1613, speaks highly of Thomas Cheales of Hagworthingham, “Yeoman, whom he makes his trustee.” A junior branch of the Cheales family now reside at Friskney. The Rev. Alan Cheales still owns land here, now residing at Reading. He is the 11th in descent from Anthonie, who bought the property in 1590. [82] These are no longer to be found, but they were mentioned in a MS. belonging to Sir Joseph Banks, dated 1784. Another brief was for “ye first Fast day for ye Plague, 1665, the sum of 15s 6a ” (August 2nd) “September ye 6th, ye 2nd Fast day for ye Plague 1665 . . . 13s 7d and 2s more was added afterwards.” Six Fast days were mentioned, when money was collected “for ye Plague.” Among items, in the Church accounts, were:—“A sheet borne over the sacrament,” a “Kyrchuffe that our Lady’s coat was lapped in,” “to Peter Babbe for gilding the Trinity, iiiili xvis 0d .” “It for painting the Dancing geere,” (i.e. at the May-pole). “It for viii. pound of waxe for Sepulchre lights iiiis iiiid .” “It for ii. antiphoonies bought at Stirbridge faire (&c.) iiili xis 7d ”; “It for thacking the steeple xs ”; “To William Edwards for finding our Lady’s light viiiis iiiid ”; “iiili xs given to finde yearly an obitt for the soul of Lawrence Clerke, . . . to say Dirige and Masse, . . . and for the bede roule,” &c. There are charges, for “vi gallons yearly of aile” for the ringers. The “Church corne, given of the good will of the inhabitants to the value of xxs viiid .” “Wessell (Wassail) for the young men.” “The town bull sold for iis viiid a quarter.” &c., &c. (“Lincs. N & Q.” vol. i. pp. 5–13).
- 54. [83] There are mounds, and traces of a moat in a field in Langton, showing that there was formerly a large residence, probably the home of this branch of the Angevin family, who came over with the Conqueror. [84a] Gair means a triangular piece of land which requires ploughing a different way from the rest of the field. There was a Thomas Baudewin had lands in Coningsby in the reign of Henry III. 106. Coram Rege Roll, 42, Henry III. “Linc. N. & Q.” iv. p. 102. [84b] A pulse diet, for man or beast, seems to have been very general. Pesedale-gate, means the gate, or road by the Pease- valley. We have Pesewang, i.e. Peasefield, in High Toynton, Pesegote-lane in Spilsby, and there are similar names at Louth, and elsewhere. [87] Streatfeild (“Lincolnshire and the Danes,” p. 219) says “from the old Norse ‘heri,’ or hare, come Eresby (or Heresby) and Hareby.” In south Lincolnshire, hares are still called “heres.” The canting crest of the Withers’s family, is a hare’s head, with ears up-pricked. Whether there is any connection between “ear” and “eres” or hares, I know not, but the long ears are a distinguishing feature, and often the only part of the animal visible in tall covers; and there is the same variation, in the presence, or absence, of the aspirate, between the noun “ear” and the verb “to hear,” as between Eresby and Hareby. The writer has a vivid recollection of the hares as a feature of the locality, as he has frequently joined coursing parties at Hareby, many years ago, when there was game enough to afford sport for 30 couple of greyhounds. Fuller in his “Worthies of England,” p. 150 (Circa 1659), tells of a Dutchman who came over and spent a season in hunting “in Lincolniensi montium tractu,” in the mountainous parts of Lincolnshire; and as foxhounds were not established at that date, this must have been hare hunting in these Wolds. [88] These accounts are worked out carefully, by Weir, in his History, but the various steps are very complicated and some
- 55. authorities differ from him in minor details. By an Inquisition, 37 Henry III., it was shewn that in 1253, William de Bavent owned the Castle and manors attached to it. [90a] See “History of the Ayscoughs,” by J. Conway Walter, published by Mr. W. K. Morton, Horncastle. [90b] Of this Blagge the following anecdote is preserved. He was a favourite with Henry VIII., who called him familiarly his “little pig.” A retrograde religious movement occurring towards the end of this reign, Blagge, with others, was imprisoned as an offender against the law of the Six Articles (1539) against Popish practices. By Henry’s interposition he was released and restored to his office. On his first re-appearance at Court, the King said to him:—“So you have got back again my little pig,” to which Blagge replied, “Yes, and but for your Majesty’s clemency, I should have been roast pig before now.” [90c] The Cuppledykes were large owners of property in this neighbourhood, several of their monuments still remaining in Harrington Church and elsewhere. [91] The pedigree of the Littleburies is given in the “Visitation of Lincolnshire,” A.D. 1562–1564, edited by Mr. W. Metcalf, F.S.A., A. Bell & Sons, 1881. Sir Humphrey Littlebury was descended from Hamon Littlebury, of Littlebury Manor, Essex, A.D. 1138. Sir Martin Littlebury Knight was Chief Justice of England, 28 Henry III., A.D. 1243. Fuller particulars of this family are given in other of these Records. [93] This record is interesting as giving an instance of the title “Sir” as applied to the Clergy. A graduate of the University, having the M.A. degree was styled “Master” so and so, but when in Holy Orders, if he was only a B.A. he was styled “dominus,” the English equivalent of which was “Sir.” This was a general style of address, and was continued in the Isle of Man to a late period. In “A Short Treatise on the Isle of Man,” by James Chaloner, governor, date 1656, it is stated that all the clergy who are natives
- 56. have this title, even in one case a curate being so styled. In Bale’s “Image of bothe Churches” (circa 1550), it is said, “the most ragged runagate among them is no less than a Sir, which is a Lord in the Latin.” In Pulleyn’s “Etymological Compendium,” we find “The title of ‘Sir’ was given to all who had taken a degree, or had entered into Orders.” Thus, Hearne, the Antiquary, after he had taken the degree of B.A., was addressed as “Sir Hearne” (Aubrey’s Letters, i. 117), and William Waynfleet (afterwards Bishop of Winchester), when he had taken the same degree, was called “Sir Waynfleet,” (“Chandler’s Life,” p. 54), Chaucer in his “Canterbury Tales,” speaks of “Sir Clerk,” “Sir Monk,” and it even appeared in Acts of Parliament, as 12 and 13 Ed. IV., N. 14, “Sir James Theckness, Preste,” and i. Henry VII., p. 11, “Sir Oliver Langton, Preste? Sir Robert Nayelsthorp, Preste.” [95] In a ploughed field, about 300 yards from the main road, a large boulder was discovered by a ploughman, in 1902, measuring about 3ft. in length, some 2½ft. in height, and about the same in thickness, being also ice-borne Neocomian. [98a] The learned Dr. Oliver (“Religious Houses,” Appendix, p. 167, note 40) says, “wherever the word ‘Kir,’ or any of its derivatives, is found, it implies a former Druid temple.” This syllable forms the base of the Latin “Circulus,” and our own “Circle.” We find many interesting British names containing it; for instance, in the name of that favourite resort of tourists in North Wales, Capel Curig, we have the plural Kerig, implying the British (or Druid) sacred circle of stones, while we have also, prefixed, the translation of it by the Roman Conquerors of those Britons, “Capella,” or Chapel. As a parallel to this, we may mention, that in Wiltshire on “Temple” Downs, there are some stone Druidical remains, which are locally known by the name of “Old Chapel” (Oliver, Ibid., p. 175, note 66). Again in Kerig y Druidion, another place in North Wales, we have the sacred circle “Kerig,” directly connected with the Druids, in the suffix Druidion. There is also at Kirkby Green, near Sleaford, a spot called “Chapel Hill,” another at the neighbouring village Dorrington
- 57. (“Darun” the Druid sacred oak), and also south of Coningsby, on the sacred Witham, all probably sites of Druid worship.
- 58. [98b] Mr. Taylor (“Words and Places” p. 130) says, “the names of our rivers are Celtic (i.e. British).” There is a river Ben, in Co. Mayo; Bandon, Co. Cork; Bann, Co. Wexford; Bana, Co. Down; Bannon (Ban-avon), in Pembrokeshire; Banney, in Yorkshire; and Bain, in Hertfordshire. [99a] The exact meaning of “by” is seen in the German, which is akin. In Luther’s translation of Job. xxvi. 5, for “they dwell,” the old German is “die bey”; the latter word being our word “bide,” or “abide.” A “by” was an “abode,” or permanent residence; so the Lincolnshire farmer calls the foundation of his stack, the “steddle,” connected with the Saxon, “steady,” and “stead” in “homestead,” &c. [99b] Government Geological Survey, pp. 154–5. [100a] Portions of Waddingworth and Wispington are given in Domesday Book, as being in the soke of Great Stourton, and Kirkby- on-Bain. Stourton Magna, was formerly a place of some importance, sites being still known as the positions of the market place, &c. [100b] The names of Fulbeck, and Fulstow, are given in Domesday Book, as Fugel-beck, and Fugel-stow. [101a] Charter copied from “Dugdale” v., 456. Date 1199. [101b] In a cartulary of Kirkstead Abbey, of the early part of the 12th century, now in the British Museum (“Vespasian” E. xviii.), there is an agreement between the Abbot of Kirkstead, and Robert de Driby, “Lord of Tumby,” that the Abbots’ “mastiffs” should be allowed in “the warren,” of Tumby, at all times of the year, with the shepherds, on condition that they do not take greyhounds; and if the mastiffs do damage to the game, they shall be removed, and other dogs taken in their stead. (“Architect S. Journal” xxiii. p. 109). [102a] In the Cathedral of this City is still preserved the famous Baieux tapestry, said to be the work of Matilda, the Conqueror’s wife, in which are represented the exploits of her husband, in the Conquest of England.
- 59. [102b] He remained a prisoner during the reign of the Conqueror. On the accession of William Rufus, he was set at liberty, and restored to favour; but, after a time, heading a conspiracy against the King, in support of Robert, Duke of Normandy, and being defeated, he once more retired to that country, where Duke Robert rewarded him by making him Governor of the province. [104a] Among the other parishes, Cockerington, Owmby, Withcall, Hainton, North Thoresby, Friesthorpe, Normanby, Ingham, Sixhills, &c., in all seventeen. [104b] The historian Camden (“Britannia,” fol. 711, 712), gives a curious origin of the name Pontefract, which means “Broken Bridge.” He says that William Archbishop of York, returning from Rome, was here met by such crowds, to crave his blessing, that the bridge over the river Aire broke beneath their weight, and great numbers fell into the river. The prayers of the saint preserved them from being drowned, and hence the name was given to the place. This however, occurred A.D. 1154, and, as documents exist of an earlier date, in which the name is found, as already in use, the legend would seem to be a fabrication. It is probable, says another historian, that Hildebert gave the name to the place, from its resemblance to some place in his own country where he was born; the name being of Latin or Norman origin. [104c] These connections, with authorities, are given fully in an article on the “Descent of the Earldom of Lincoln,” in “Proceedings of the Archæological Institute” for 1848, Lincoln volume pp. 252–278. [106] As an illustration of the fickleness and superstition of the times, although he was condemned as a traitor by Edward II., he was regarded as a martyr in the cause of liberty by the people, and was canonized as a Saint by Edward III., son of the King who condemned him. Miracles were said to be wrought at his tomb; and a Church was built, for pilgrims to the place where he was executed. (Rapin’s Hist. vol. i. for 396; Boothroyd’s “Hist. Pontefract” pp. 95, &c).
- 60. [108] To show the power and lawlessness of some of these Lords of Kirkby and Tumby, it is recorded that the servants of this Simon de Driby took a waggon, with a hogshead of wine, from Louth to Tumby, by their master’s orders, and there forcibly detained it, “to the damage of 60s .” a large sum in those days. (“Hundred Rolls,” p. 333.) [109a] The last Baron D’Eyncourt died in the reign of Henry VI. His sister married Ralph Lord Cromwell. Probably from this connection the warden of Tattershall College had lands in Kirton (“Peerage,” vol. ii., p. 62, and Tanner’s “Notitiæ,” p. 286.) The D’Eyncourts still survive at Bayons Manor, near Market Rasen. Their ancestors came over with the Conqueror, and held many manors in Lincolnshire. Walter D’Eyncourt was a great benefactor to Kirkstead Abbey in the reign of Ed. I. (Madox, “Baronia Anglica,” p. 217.) The first Walter was a near relative of Bishop Remigius, who also accompanied the Conqueror. A tomb was opened in Lincoln Cathedral in 1741 supposed to be that of this Walter, and the body was found carefully sewn up in leather. [109b] Of another of the Cromwells, a few years later, it is found by a Chancery Inquisition post mortem (15 Hen. VI., No. 71) that, to prove his birth, John Hackthorne, of Walmsgare, testifies that he saw him baptized; and being asked how he knows this, he says that, on the said day, he saw Thomas Hauley, knight, lift the said infant, Robert Cromwell, at the font. This Sir Robert was succeeded by Ralph Lord Cromwell in 1442. This Sir T. Hauley also presented to the benefice of Candlesby, next after Matilda, wife of Ralph Lord Cromwell (“Linc. N. and Q,” vi., p. 76.) Thus there was a Hawley connected with the place at that early period, but, as will be shown further on, the family of the present Sir H. M. Hawley did not obtain their property here till more than 300 years later (“Architect S. Journal,” xxiii., p. 125). [111] In former times parsons had the title “Sir,” not as being Knights, or Baronets, but as the translation of “Dominus,” now rendered by “Reverend.”
- 61. [115a] In those days the wild boar, as well as deer, were plentiful in our forests, and were protected by royal statute. The punishment for anyone killing a boar, without the King’s licence, was the loss of his eyes. They became extinct about A.D., 1620; as to the deer, an old Patent Roll (13, Richard II., pt. 1, m. 3), mentions that a toll of one half penny was leviable on every “100 skins of roebuck, foxes, hares, &c.,” brought for sale to the Horncastle market. This would look as though roe-deer at least, were then fairly plentiful. [115b] For further particulars of this family see “History of the Ayscoughs,” by J. Conway Walter, published by W. K. Morton, Horncastle. Henry Ascoughe, by his will, dated 16 Nov. 1601, desires to be buried in the parish church of Moorbye (“Maddison’s Wills.”) [117a] Two different things were formerly meant by the term “graduale,” or “grayle.” (1) It was the name given to the Communion Chalice, or Paten, probably from the “Sangraal,” or holy vessel, said to have been found in the chamber of “the last supper,” of our Lord, by Joseph of Arimathæa, and in which he afterwards collected the blood (sang-reale, or King’s blood), from the wounds of the crucified Saviour. This vessel, in Arthurian romance, was said to have been preserved in Britain, and to have possessed miraculous properties. The legend has been finely adopted by our late Poet Laureate in the “Quest of the Holy Grayle,” among his “Idylls of the King.” (2). The name was given to a part of the service of the Mass in pre-Reformation times, which was called the “Gradual,” or grail, because it was used at the steps (“gradus”) of the chancel. As the inscription on the first-named of these Kirkby tombs mentioned the gift of a “Missal,” or mass book, it is probable that the “gradual” here mentioned was this portion of the mass book, and not the Communion Chalice, or Paten. The Communion plate of Kirkby does not appear to be very old. [117b] The writer of these Records has also a copy of this engraving, it is dated 1800, and has the initials, E. C. The church is represented with the roof fallen in, the porch closed by rails, south
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