![JSON Parsing with JSONObject
● JSON (JavaScript Object Notation), is a text-based open standard
designed for human-readable data interchange. It is derived from the
JavaScript scripting language for representing simple data structures
and associative arrays, called objects.
● Built-in JSONTokener / JSONObject {
JSONTokener jsonTokener = new JSONTokener(response); "My Purchase List":[
JSONObject object = (JSONObject) jsonTokener.nextValue(); {"name":"Bread","quantity":"11"}],
object = object.getJSONObject("patient"); "Mom Purchase List":[
patientName = object.getString("name"); {"name":"Tomato","quantity":"2"}]
patientSurname = object.getString("surname"); }
Vladimir Kotov Working in the Background 32](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/05-async-130415150233-phpapp01/85/Android-Working-in-the-Background-32-320.jpg)
![Workshop
● Purchase list synchronization Example
http://kotov.lv/JavaguryServices/purchases/
● Web-service (REST) vladkoto
– https://github.com/rk13/java
guru-services
{
– http://kotov.lv/JavaguryServ
"My Purchase List":[
ices/purchases/
{"name":"Bread","quantity":"11"},
{"name":"Jameson Wiskey","quantity":"1"}],
● API
"Mom Purchase List":[
– http://kotov.lv/JavaguryServ
ices/purchases/{TOKEN} {"name":"Cranberry","quantity":"1kg"},
– GET / POST {"name":"Tomato","quantity":"2"}]
}
Vladimir Kotov Working in the Background 35](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/05-async-130415150233-phpapp01/85/Android-Working-in-the-Background-35-320.jpg)
Android Working in the Background
- 1. Working in the Background Vladimir Kotov Working in the Background 1
- 2. Android Runtime Vladimir Kotov Working in the Background 2
- 3. Android Runtime Zygote spawns VM processes ● Already has core libraries loaded ● When an app is launched, zygote is forked ● Fork core libraries are shared with zygote Vladimir Kotov Working in the Background 3
- 4. Android Runtime By default ● system assigns each application a unique Linux user ID ● every application runs in its own Linux process ● each process has its own virtual machine Vladimir Kotov Working in the Background 4
- 5. Process v. Thread Process ● typically independent ● has considerably more state information than thread ● separate address spaces ● interact only through system IPC Thread ● subsets of a process ● multiple threads within a process share process state, memory, etc ● threads share their address space Vladimir Kotov Working in the Background 5
- 6. “Killer” Application Vladimir Kotov Working in the Background 6
- 7. Android Process and Thread ● Android starts a new Linux ● System creates a thread of process for the application execution for the application with a single thread of (“main” / “UI” thread) when execution application is launched ● Android can shut down a ● System does not create a process when memory is low, separate thread for each application components instance of a component running in the process are ● components are destroyed instantiated in the UI thread ● system calls (callbacks) to components are dispatched from UI thread Vladimir Kotov Working in the Background 7
- 8. Android Single Threading Model Looper - runs a message loop for a thread Message - defines a message containing a description and arbitrary data object that can be sent to a Handler Handler - allows to send and process Message and Runnable objects associated with a thread's MessageQueue. Each Handler instance is associated with a single thread and that thread's message queue. Vladimir Kotov Working in the Background 8
- 9. “Killer” application. Postmortem 1) User clicks a button on screen 2) UI thread dispatches the click event to the widget 3) OnClick handler sets its text and posts an invalidate request to the event queue 4) UI thread dequeues the request and notifies the widget that it should redraw itself Vladimir Kotov Working in the Background 9
- 10. Rules of Thumb ● Do not block the UI thread ● Potentially long running operations (ie. network or database operations, expensive calculations, etc.) should be done in a child thread ● Do not access the Android UI toolkit from outside the UI thread ● Android UI toolkit is not thread-safe and must always be manipulated on the UI thread ● Keep your app Responsive Vladimir Kotov Working in the Background 10
- 11. Worker Threads ● If you have operations to perform that are not instantaneous, you should make sure to do them in separate threads ("background" or "worker" threads) Vladimir Kotov Working in the Background 11
- 12. Worker Threads ● If you have operations to perform that are not instantaneous, you should make sure to do them in separate threads ("background" or "worker" threads) Vladimir Kotov Working in the Background 12
- 13. Worker Threads ● Activity.runOnUiThread(Runnable) ● View.post(Runnable) ● View.postDelayed(Runnable, long) Vladimir Kotov Working in the Background 13
- 14. AsyncTask ● Best practice pattern for moving your time-consuming operations onto a background Thread ● Allows to perform asynchronous work on user interface ● performs blocking operations in a worker thread doInBackground() ● publishes the results on the UI thread onPostExecute() ● does not require handling threads and handlers yourself Vladimir Kotov Working in the Background 14
- 15. AsyncTask in Action Vladimir Kotov Working in the Background 15
- 16. What's Next ... Vladimir Kotov Working in the Background 16
- 17. Vladimir Kotov Working in the Background 17
- 18. AsyncTask Problem Activity.onRetainNonConfigurationInstance() ● Called by the system, as part of destroying an activity due to a configuration change, when it is known that a new instance will immediately be created for the new configuration Activity.getLastNonConfigurationInstance() ● Retrieve the non-configuration instance data that was previously returned by onRetainNonConfigurationInstance(). This will be available from the initial onCreate and onStart calls to the new instance, allowing you to extract any useful dynamic state from the previous instance Vladimir Kotov Working in the Background 18
- 19. AsyncTask Problem Vladimir Kotov Working in the Background 19
- 20. Services Broadcast Receivers Intents Activities Services Views Content Providers Vladimir Kotov Working in the Background 20
- 21. Services When a Service Used ● Application need to run processes for a long time without any intervention from the user, or very rare interventions ● These background processes need to keep running even when the phone is being used for other activities / tasks ● Network transactions, play music, perform file I/O, etc Vladimir Kotov Working in the Background 21
- 22. Services and Notifications ● Service does not implement any user interface ● Service “notifies” the user through the notification (such as status bar notification) ● Service can give a user interface for binding to the service or viewing the status of the service or any other similar interaction Vladimir Kotov Working in the Background 22
- 23. NB! ● Service does not run in a separate process ● Service does not create its own thread ● Service runs in the main thread Vladimir Kotov Working in the Background 23
- 24. Service Lifecycle Vladimir Kotov Working in the Background 24
- 25. Starting a Service ● Context.startService() ● Retrieve the service (creating it and calling its onCreate() method if needed) ● Call onStartCommand(Intent, int, int) method of the service with the arguments supplied ● The service will continue running until Context.stopService() or stopSelf() is called ● <service android:name="com.example.service.MyService"/> Vladimir Kotov Working in the Background 25
- 26. IntentService Uses a worker thread to handle ● Creates a default worker all start requests, one at a thread that executes all time. The best option if you intents delivered to don't require that your onStartCommand() service handle multiple requests simultaneously. ● Creates a work queue that passes one intent at a time “Set it and forget it” – places to your onHandleIntent() request on Service Queue, ● Stops the service after all which handles action (and start requests have been “may take as long as handled necessary”) Vladimir Kotov Working in the Background 26
- 27. IntentService Vladimir Kotov Working in the Background 27
- 28. Android Web Service Vladimir Kotov Working in the Background 28
- 29. Android and HTTP ● Connecting to an Internet Resource <uses-permission android:name=”android.permission.INTERNET”/> ● Android includes two HTTP clients: ● HttpURLConnection ● Apache HTTP Client ● Support HTTPS, streaming uploads and downloads, configurable timeouts, IPv6 and connection pooling Vladimir Kotov Working in the Background 29
- 30. HttpURLConnection ● HttpURLConnection is a general-purpose, lightweight HTTP client suitable for most applications Vladimir Kotov Working in the Background 30
- 31. Apache HttpClient ● Extensible HTTP clients suitable for web browsers. Have large and flexible APIs. Vladimir Kotov Working in the Background 31
- 32. JSON Parsing with JSONObject ● JSON (JavaScript Object Notation), is a text-based open standard designed for human-readable data interchange. It is derived from the JavaScript scripting language for representing simple data structures and associative arrays, called objects. ● Built-in JSONTokener / JSONObject { JSONTokener jsonTokener = new JSONTokener(response); "My Purchase List":[ JSONObject object = (JSONObject) jsonTokener.nextValue(); {"name":"Bread","quantity":"11"}], object = object.getJSONObject("patient"); "Mom Purchase List":[ patientName = object.getString("name"); {"name":"Tomato","quantity":"2"}] patientSurname = object.getString("surname"); } Vladimir Kotov Working in the Background 32
- 33. JSON Parsing with GSON ● Gson is a Java library that can be used to convert Java Objects into their JSON representation. It can also be used to convert a JSON string to an equivalent Java object ● Simple toJson() and fromJson() methods to convert Java objects to JSON and vice-versa ● Extensive support of Java Generics ● Allow custom representations for objects ● Support arbitrarily complex objects (with deep inheritance hierarchies and extensive use of generic types) Vladimir Kotov Working in the Background 33
- 34. JSON Parsing with GSON Vladimir Kotov Working in the Background 34
- 35. Workshop ● Purchase list synchronization Example http://kotov.lv/JavaguryServices/purchases/ ● Web-service (REST) vladkoto – https://github.com/rk13/java guru-services { – http://kotov.lv/JavaguryServ "My Purchase List":[ ices/purchases/ {"name":"Bread","quantity":"11"}, {"name":"Jameson Wiskey","quantity":"1"}], ● API "Mom Purchase List":[ – http://kotov.lv/JavaguryServ ices/purchases/{TOKEN} {"name":"Cranberry","quantity":"1kg"}, – GET / POST {"name":"Tomato","quantity":"2"}] } Vladimir Kotov Working in the Background 35
- 36. Sync Purchase Lists ● Task1: Import purchase lists ● Use AsyncTask ● Load json from service ● Convert and display ● HttpTask.java for starting point ● Task2: Export purchase lists ● Use IntentService ● Convert and push json to server ● ExportService.java for starting point Vladimir Kotov Working in the Background 36
- 37. Sync Purchase Lists ● Task3: Sync service configuration via preferences ● Task4: Export/Import adoption in Purchase list app Vladimir Kotov Working in the Background 37