Anger ppt
- 1. PRATIMA THAKUR M.Sc. NURSING MENTAL HEALTH NURSING DEPARTMENT
- 2. It is an emotional state that varies in intensity from mild irritation to intense fury and rage. It is accompanied by physiological and biological changes, such as increases in heart rate, blood pressure, and levels of the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine. (American Psychological Association,2013).
- 3. CHARACTERSTIC OF ANGER Anger is not a primary emotion, but it is typically experienced as an almost automatic inner response to hurt, frustration or fear. Anger is physiological arousal. It instills feelings of power and generates preparedness. The expression of anger is learned .
- 4. The expression of anger can come under personal control. When anger is suppressed it is resentment , which often manifests itself in negative, passive-aggressive behavior .
- 6. POSITIVE FUNCTION OR CONSTRUCTIVE USES Anger energies and mobilizes the body for self – defense . Communicated assertively , anger can promote conflict resolution. Anger arousal is a personal signal of threat or injustice
- 7. Anger is constructive when it provides a feeling of control over a situation and the individual is able to assertively take charge of situation . It serves to increase self –esteem and leads to mutual understanding and forgiveness.
- 8. NEGATIVE FUNCTIONS OR DESTRUCTIVE USES Without cognitive input , anger may result in impulsive behavior, disregarding possible negative consequences. Communicated passive-aggressively , conflict escalated and the problem that creates the conflict goes unresolved . Anger can lead to aggression when the coping mechanism is displacement .
- 9. It can feeling ofwhen control be destructive the feeling of and the individual uses the power to intimidate others. It masks honest feeling ,weaken, self –esteem and leads to hostility and rage.
- 10. Aggression refers to behavior that is intended to threaten or injured the victim’s security or self – esteem .it is a response that aims to inflicting pain or injury on object or persons. (Warren,1999 )
- 11. CHARACTERISTICS Aggressive behavior is communicated verbally or nonverbally Aggressive people may invade the personal space of others Theymayspeakloudly andwith greater emphasis
- 12. They usually maintain eye contact over a prolonged periodof timesothat the otherperson experiencesit asan intrusive Posture is erect and often aggressive people lforward slightly towards the other person. The overall impressionisoneof powerand dominance
- 13. TYPES OF AGGRESSION Instrumental Aggression Aggression aimed at obtaining an object, privilege or space with no deliberate intent to harmanotherperson
- 14. Hostile Aggression Aggression intended to harm another person, such as hitting, kicking, or threateningto beatup someone.
- 15. Relational Aggression A form of hostile aggression that does damageto another'speerrelationships,as in socialexclusionorrumorspreading
- 16. MOYER CLASSIFICATION Moyer (1968) presented an early and influential classification of seven different forms of aggression, from a biological and evolutionary point of view.
- 17. Predatory aggression: Attack on prey by a predator. Inter-male aggression: Competition between males of the same species over access to resources such as females, dominance, status, etc.
- 18. Fear-induced aggression: Aggression associated with attempts to flee from a threat. Irritable aggression: Aggression induced by frustration and directed against an available target.
- 19. Territorial aggression: Defense of a fixed area against intruders, typically conflicts. Maternal aggression: A female's aggression to protect her offspring from a threat. Paternal aggression also exists. Instrumental aggression: Aggression directed towards obtaining some goal, considered to be a learned response to a situation.
- 24. SOCIO-CULTURAL THEORY Social determinants of violence are: Povertyandthe inability to havebasic necessitiesof life Disruption of marriages Productionof single-parent families Unemployment Difficulty in maintaininginterpersonalties, family structureandsocial control.
- 25. BIOLOGICAL THEORY Current biological research has focused on three areas of the brain believed to be involved in aggression: Limbic system Frontal lobes Hypothalamus.
- 27. PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS SOCIAL FACTORS ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS SITUATIONAL FACTORS
- 29. General Principles of Management The safety of patient, clinician , staff ,other patients and potential intended victims is of most importance while looking after aggressive patients The doors should be open outwards and not be lockable from inside or capable of being blocked from inside.
- 30. Adequate caregiver training and the availability of appropriate supervision are critical safeguards in the treatment of potentially dangerous patients. For caregivers treating patients with a high risk for violence behavior, training in basic self defence techniques and physical restraint techniques are useful.
- 31. DRUG TREATMENT PURPOSES To use sedating medication in an acute situation to calm the client so that client will not harm self or others. To use medication to treat chronic aggressive behavior.
- 32. ACUTE AGITATIONAND Haloperidol-1 mg or 0.5 mg IM Risperidone 0.5mg-1mg- In dementia and schizophrenia. Trazodone – 50-100mg . In older clients with sun downing syndrome and aggression.
- 33. BENZODIAZEPINES Used due to the sedative effect and rapid action. Most commonly lorazepam, oral or injection.
- 34. CHRONIC AGGRESSION Antipsychotic Anxiolytics- Buspirone Carbamazepine and valproate to treat bipolar associated aggressive behaviour. Antidepressants –trazodone in aggression associated with organic mental disorder. Antihypersensitive medication – Propanolol to treat aggression related to organic brain
- 35. NURSING INTERVENTIONS Self awareness Patient education Communication strategies
- 36. Environmental strategies 1. Room programme 2. Cathartic activities Behavioral strategies a) Limit setting b). Behavioral contracts c). Time out d). Token economy e). Restraints