Apa Referencing
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APA referencing is the preferred style in psychology and is used to acknowledge sources, protect against plagiarism, and allow readers to trace information to its source. It requires including both in-text citations with author and date and a bibliography at the end listing all sources alphabetically by author regardless of format. The basic elements of an in-text citation are the author's surname and year of publication, and page numbers are included for direct quotes. Quotations, summaries, and paraphrasing all require citations, and a bibliography lists everything referenced in the assignment.
Apa Referencing
- 2. Acknowledge the work that has informed your argumentsEnable a reader to trace the source of information that you have usedAssessment requirementProtect yourself – plagiarism or cheating01/06/2009Why reference?
- 3. Preferred style within psychology divisionSlightly different to Harvard2 main elementsReferences in the textBibliographyAPA referencing
- 4. Basic elements are:1) Author’s surname2) Year of publication 3) Page number ExamplesBrown (1995) compared personality disorders.......In a recent study, it was found that…..(Williams, 1995) Smith, Jones and White (1979) found that..... Cognition and development are seen as...... (Turner & Swain, 1998) Rules & Examples
- 5. What you need to record
- 6. Using an author’s words or ideas without acknowledging the source of information you usedNeed to be able to describe and discuss an author’s ideas without plagiarisingPlagiarism
- 7. QuotingUsing the exact words from the text. Quotation marks should be used.SummarisingTaking the key points from a book or article and expressing them in your own words.ParaphrasingInterpreting an author’s ideas and expressing them in your own words. The same meaning written in a different way.Citing in the text
- 8. ExamplesQuotation“A research critique is not just a summary of a study but rather a careful appraisal of its merits and flaws” (Polit, Beck & Hungler, 2001, p. 414). SummaryPadesky and Black, 1994, have suggested that therapist can identify the content of a schema..........
- 9. Examples (2)ParaphrasingFor Green (1999), the idea of ‘the sixties’ has a very powerful hold on our contemporary culture.Paraphrasing and quotingFor Green, ‘the sixties’ have a strong resonance in contemporary culture, describing them as “the dominant myth of the modern era” (1999, p62)
- 10. Green (1999) argues…Green (1999) reports…Green (1999) concludes…Green (1999) finds…Green (1999) states…Words to use
- 11. At the end of your work before appendicesMust contain everything that you have referenced in your assignmentListed in alphabetical order by author regardless of formatBibliography
- 12. Access APA Referencing workbookwww.wlv.ac.uk/lib/referencingExercise