Apa referencing for byd
- 2. What is APA referencing? • Stands for American Psychological Association • Style of referencing used at WelTec • Referencing means showing the sources of the information you have used in your assignment
- 3. Why use referencing? • Essential for: – demonstrating your research – preventing plagiarism – showing your tutor the difference between your ideas and the ideas of other people
- 4. How to reference? Two parts: 1. Citation within the text (in-text citation) – Used for quotes and paraphrases 2. References list – Specially formatted list at the end of your assignment of all the sources that were cited
- 5. Part 1: Citations A citation A short acknowledgement of the source of an idea in the body of the text. (Smith, 2014, p.7)
- 6. Examples of citations Direct Quote “Polytechnics have expanded in New Zealand over the last ten years” (Smith, 2014, p. 6). Paraphrase Polytechnics have been increasing in size since 2004 (Smith, 2014). OR Smith (2014) claims that polytechnics have grown in size since 2004.
- 7. Part 2: References List An alphabetical list providing full details for each cited source in any piece of writing.
- 8. Example of a Full APA Reference Reference list An alphabetical list providing full details for each cited source in any piece of writing.
- 9. Example of a reference list References Bell, R. and G. Zajdow (1997) Family and household. In R. Jureidini, S. Kenny and M. Poole (eds). Sociology: Australian Connections. St Leonards. NSW: Allen and Unwin. Haralambos, M. (1995). Sociology: Themes and Perspectives, 3rd edition. London: Bell and Hyman. Johnson, V. (1981). The Last Resort: A Women's Refuge. Ringwood: Penguin.
- 10. Formatting a reference list • Goes at the end of your document • Call it References • Arrange alphabetically with the first line hard against the margin • Indent second line 5 spaces or press tab once • Only include sources you have cited in your assignment • See the APA Quick Guide for more info
- 12. Paraphrasing • Someone else's ideas in your own words • An acceptable way to borrow from a source (MUST be cited correctly) • Shows your understanding of the ideas expressed in the reading
- 13. How to paraphrase 1. Select the idea you want to paraphrase 2. Make sure you understand it 3. Recognize which words you cannot change 4. Find words you can change 5. Adjust the structure 6. Acknowledge the source
- 14. Paraphrasing example “The managers in the study preferred verbal communication in phone or meetings, rather than written communication such as memos and formal reports” (Bartol, Tein, Matthews, Sharma & Scott- Ladd, 2011, p.22) The study found that managers preferred to arrange face to face or phone meetings rather than communicate in writing (Bartol, Tein, Matthews, Sharma & Scott-Ladd, 2011).
- 15. Your turn! “In general, initiatives for Māori youth have been designed to incorporate and balance the goals of Māori development and youth development but have mainly targeted dislocated Māori youth and included only “basic” cultural practices”. Source: Ware, F., & Walsh-Tapiata, W. (2010). Youth development: Maori styles. Youth Studies Australia, 29(4), 18-29.
- 16. Secondary sources Source: Ware, F., & Walsh- Tapiata, W. (2010). Youth development: Maori styles. Youth Studies Australia, 29(4), p.19. 1. Try to find the original source 2. If you can’t write a secondary citation Drewery and Bird (as cited in Ware & Walsh-Tapiata, 2010) present the argument that ‘youth’ and ‘youthhood’ have particular characteristics and are grouped in society in ways that help us to define them.
- 17. APA 6th edition in MS Word
- 18. APA 6th edition in MS Word Microsoft word provides a referencing tool so references can be inserted automatically. We recommend using it as it makes managing and keeping track of your references easy whilst writing your assignment.
- 19. Adding a new citation to a document Place your cursor at the end of the sentence or phrase that you want to cite. On the References tab, in the Citations & Bibliography group, Insert Citation.
- 20. Add a new Source
- 21. Find a source The list of sources that you consult or cite can become quite long. You might search for a source that you cited in another document by using the Manage Sources command.
- 22. Creating a reference list Create a new page at the end of your document
- 23. Additional Resources WelTec Library • http://weltec.spydus.co.nz/cgi- bin/spydus.exe/MSGTRN/OPAC/HOME Online referencing tools • http://www.bibme.org/ • http://studentservices.op.ac.nz/support/learning- support/citingandreferencing/ • http://owll.massey.ac.nz/referencing/apa-interactive.php
- 24. Find the Citation Error: A Quick Quiz on APA Style
- 25. Catch the Error • Hollingshead measured aggressiveness in children before and after exposure to violent videogames (2002, p. 15).
- 26. Revised • Hollingshead (2002) measured aggressiveness in children before and after exposure to violent videogames. • Explanation: The year comes after the researcher’s name. No page number is needed if there is no direct quote.
- 27. Catch the Error • Neither group showed any significant growth (Wong and Tuttle 2005).
- 28. Revised • Neither group showed any significant growth (Wong & Tuttle, 2005). • Explanation: Use an ampersand (&) when citing parenthetically and put a comma between author(s) and year of publication.
- 29. Catch the Error • Duffy & Petronius (2002, p. 23) found that none of the subjects showed improvement.
- 30. Revised • Duffy and Petronius (2002) found that none of the subjects showed improvement. • Explanation: Use “and” -- not ampersand -- when citing authors outside of parentheses. No page number needed since there was no direct quote.
- 31. Catch the Error • Parker (2003) found that there was “no significant difference between the treatment group and the control group.”
- 32. Revision • Parker (2003) found that there was “no significant difference between the treatment group and the control group” (p. 12). • Explanation: Since a direct quote was used, a page number must be provided after the quote.
- 33. Catch the Error • Bretschneider, John Garrett and McCoy, Nancy Lewis, 1968. Sexual Interest and Behavior in Healthy 80- 102-Year-Olds. Archives of Sexual Behavior, Vol. 14, pp. 343-350.
- 34. Revised • Bretschneider, J. G., & McCoy, N. L. (1968). Sexual interest and behavior in healthy 80- 102-year-olds. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 14, 343-350. • Explanation: 1) only initials for first names; 2) year in parentheses followed by period; 3) lower case in article title; 4) italicize journal name and capitalize first letters; 5) no “Vol.,” just italicize; 6) no “pp.”; 7) hanging indent.
- 35. Reminders • You don’t have to memorize all the rules. There are hundreds of APA style rules and lots of exceptions to the rules. Use reference sheets. • Talk to a Learning Advisor or your tutor if you have any questions.
Editor's Notes
- #2: What is it?
- #3: What is plagiarism? When you use someone else's ideas or include a quote from another person’s work. Hand out the APA package
- #7: You can add a citation two different ways – when you quote or when you paraphrase (we will talk about that in a moment)
- #8: Explain citations and references (refer to class handout)
- #9: Explain citations and references (refer to class handout)
- #10: Ask students what they notice (alphabetical order, indent for the second line, titled “References” etc.)
- #12: What is it?
- #13: Direct students to quoting and paraphrasing handout
- #14: It’s not easy to paraphrase – you will need practice Do an example on the whiteboard and then give students a worksheet to do their own practice for homework.
- #18: What is it?
- #23: Go to live demonstration of Learning Commons Moodle