Apnic IPv6 Deployment
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The document outlines the APNIC IPv6 deployment strategy in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, emphasizing the motivation, network deployment, and various services like anycast and cloud services. It details the setup of infrastructure to facilitate IPv6 services, including DNS and network configurations, as well as training and support for IPv6 adoption. It concludes with insights into monitoring and operational considerations for maintaining efficient IPv6 services.
Apnic IPv6 Deployment
- 1. Issue Date: Revision: APNIC IPv6 Deployment Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia 19 October 2015
- 2. Overview • Deployment motivation • Network deployment • IPv6 Services deployment • IPv6 Anycast service • IPv6 Cloud service • Summary
- 3. Motivation for deployment • Providing critical DNS infrastructure – Reverse DNS servers for APNIC IPv4 & IPv6 blocks – Operator of e.ip6-servers.arpa, e.in-addr-servers.arpa • Providing IPv6 training and workshop • Providing public whois service for APNIC blocks – whois.apnic.net – rdap.apnic.net • Promoting and supporting IPv6 deployment in the region
- 4. APNIC IPv6 Address distribution 4 Describes “portability” of the address space
- 5. IPv6 Sub-allocation • All /48 assignments to end sites must be registered 5
- 6. IPv6 Reverse Delegations Root . in-addr 202 203 64 22 ip6 0.4.2.ip6.arpa net org com arpa ianaapnic 6 apple
- 7. Overview • Deployment motivation • Network deployment • IPv6 Services deployment • IPv6 Anycast service • IPv6 Cloud service • Summary
- 8. Initial deployment in Brisbane • Deployment Plan: • Using the initial allocation: 2001:0DC0:2000::/35 ( before 2003 ) • Deploy IPv6 in parallel with existing IPv4 network (dual stack) • Use IPv4 tunnel for peering while no native IPv6 upstream available yet. (2003) • Use 1 x /48 subnet for staff workstations and mobile device. • Use 1 x /64 for each network VLAN • Use 1 x /64 for all loopback and point to point links
- 9. Initial deployment in Brisbane • Split 2001:0DC0:2000::/35 into /48s • Split 2001:0DC0:2000:0000::/48 into /64s – Used VLAN number as part of subnet: VLAN 10 – 2001:0DC0:2000:10::/64 • Configuration of IPv6 upstream connection – Configured BGP peering with Hurricane Electric – Advertise 2001:ODC0:2000::/35 – Configure router VLAN 10 interface with /64 subnet.
- 10. Initial deployment in Brisbane • Configured cisco router interface on VLAN 10 as RA – Used 2001:0DC0:2000:10::/64 for stateless auto-configuration • Connected workstations to VLAN 10 for testing – Verify IPv6 auto configuration works by looking at interface IP – Verify reachability: ping6, traceroute6 • Configured Bind caching/recursive DNS server – Running bind on Redhat Linux – Assigned static IPv6 on the network interface: • 2001:0DC0:2000:10::53/64 – Enabled Bind to listen on IPv6 address – dig www.ripe.net @2001:0DC0:2000:10::53 to test
- 11. Dual Stack Approach • Dual stack node means: – Both IPv4 and IPv6 stacks enabled – Applications can talk to both – Choice of the IP version is based on name lookup and application preference TCP UDP IPv4 IPv6 Application Data Link (Ethernet) 0x0800 0x86dd TCP UDP IPv4 IPv6 IPv6-enabled Application Data Link (Ethernet) 0x0800 0x86dd Frame Protocol ID RFC 4213
- 12. Subnetting (Example) 2001:0DC0::/35 2001:0DC0:0000::/48 Original block: Rewrite as a /48 subnet: First /48 Rewrite as /64 subnet How may /64 blocks are there in /48? /48 /64 = 2128-48 2128-64 = 280 264 = 216 2001:0DC0:0000:0000::/64 First /64 or 264 -248 = 216
- 13. Subnetting (Example) 2001:0DC0:0000::/48 In bits 0000 0000 0000 00002001:0DC0: ::/48 0000 0000 0000 00012001:0DC0: ::/48 0000 0000 0000 00102001:0DC0: ::/48 0000 0000 0000 00112001:0DC0: ::/48 Start by manipulating the LSB of your network prefix – write in BITS 2001:0DC0:0000::/48 2001:0DC0:0001::/48 2001:0DC0:0002::/48 2001:0DC0:0003::/48 Then write back into hex digits
- 14. Production deployment • Use 2001:0DC0::/32 – 2001:0DC0:0000:/35 in Japan • Secondary DNS servers – 2001:0DC0:2000:/35 in Australia • Secondary DNS servers, APNIC services – Web, Mail, etc. – 2001:0DC0:4000:/35 in Hong Kong • Secondary DNS servers – 2001:0DC0:6000:/35 in United States • Secondary DNS servers
- 15. Overview • Deployment motivation • Network deployment • IPv6 Services deployment • IPv6 Anycast service • IPv6 Cloud service • Summary
- 16. IPv6 Services deployment DNS Service – DNS servers for APNIC.NET must be configured first. • Setup the server static IPv6 address • Configure to listen on IPv6 UDP and TCP port 53. • Apply the same DNS ACL of IPv4 for IPv6 traffic. – Adding AAAA resource records with 5 minutes TTL initially. ns1.apnic.net. 1H IN A 202.12.29.25 ns1.apnic.net. 5M IN AAAA 2001:0DB8:11::25 tinnie.apnic.net. 1H IN A 202.12.29.59 tinnie.apnic.net. 5M IN AAAA 2001:0DB8:11::59 ns3.apnic.net. 1H IN A 202.12.28.131 ns3.apnic.net. 5M IN AAAA 2001:0DB8:21::131
- 17. Services deployment DNS Service – Update apnic.net GLUE record from domain registry. apnic.net. ns1.apnic.net. apnic.net. ns3.apnic.net. apnic.net. tinnie.apnic.net. ns1.apnic.net. 202.12.29.25 ns1.apnic.net. 2001:0DB8:11::25 ns3.apnic.net. 202.12.28.131 ns3.apnic.net. 2001:0DB8:21::131 tinnie.apnic.net. 202.12.29.59 tinnie.apnic.net. 2001:0DB8:11::59
- 18. Services deployment web service – Update www.apnic.net host with IPv6 static IP address – Update apache configuration to listen on IPv6 TCP 80, 443. – Add AAAA record in DNS for www.apnic.net. www.apnic.net 1H IN A 203.119.102.244 www.apnic.net 5M IN AAAA 2001:0DB8:13::244 FTP service – Update ftp.apnic.net host with IPv6 static IP address – Update FTP service to listen on IPv6 TCP port 21. – Add AAAA record in DNS for ftp.apnic.net. ftp.apnic.net 1H IN A 202.12.29.205 ftp.apnic.net 5M IN AAAA 2001:0DB8:11::205
- 19. Services deployment Mail gateway – Replaced Barracuda spam firewall with Halon – Supports incoming and outgoing IPv6 SMTP session. – Uses IPv6 as priority and failover to IPv4 if connection failed. – Serve as internal IPV6 SMTP open relay. – Clustering works only in IPv4 – Anti-spam, anti-virus definition updates via IPv4. Mail store – Used Courier IMAP to serve IPv6 mail client access. – Migrated to Microsoft Exchange and works with IPv6. – Uses IPv6 as priority and failover to IPv4 if connection failed.
- 20. Services deployment Load balancer – Replaced Radware with F5 LTM – Full support of IPv6 service load balancing. – Allows IPv6 virtual server with IPv4 only backend server pool. – Use for load balancing whois queries in both IPv4 and IPv6. Whois – Based on RIPE NCC open source whois code. – Accept both IPv4 and IPv6 whois queries on TCP Port 43 – Rely on F5 virtual to load balance IPv4 and IPv6 queries.
- 21. Services deployment LAN and WIFI – Using router for both LAN and WIFI IPv6 auto configuration – Using redundant pair of IPv4 DCHP server and DNS resolver – WIFI authentication uses Radius and LDAP over IPv6. VPN – Using SSL VPN, assigning IPv4 and IPv6 address – Authentication uses Active Directory over IPv6.
- 22. Overview • Deployment motivation • Network deployment • IPv6 Services deployment • IPv6 Anycast service • IPv6 Cloud service • Summary
- 23. IPv6 Anycast Service • e.in-addr-servers.arpa – Dual stack anycast DNS server – Authoritative for all IPv4 /8 in-addr.arpa delegations. • Example: 202.in-addr.arpa, 1.in-addr.arpa – Using the same IP: 203.119.86.101 & 2001:DD8:6::101/48 • Brisbane • Hong Kong • Tokyo • 2016 - US – Using Unique AS number in BGP peering for each location.
- 25. IPv6 Anycast Service • 2016 – Additional anycast DNS servers – Secondary DNS service for CCTLDs in developing countries. – Anycast instance of APNIC NS servers • Secondary DNS for APNIC block reverse delegations. – Anycast instance of e.ip6.arpa-servers • Secondary DNS for ip6.arpa delegations - IPv6 Registry blocks – Anycast deployment: Australia, Hong Kong, Japan, United States
- 26. Overview • Deployment motivation • Network deployment • IPv6 Services deployment • IPv6 Anycast service • IPv6 Cloud service • Monitoring IPv6 Services
- 27. IPv6 Cloud Service APNIC Regional whois service: whois.apnic.net • Multiple whois servers behind a load balancer per site • Site locations: Brisbane, Tokyo, London, Fremont US. • Load balancer provides dual stack whois access. • Load balancer and whois server uses IPv4 internally. • Uses the cloud provided IPv4 and IPv6 static IP address. • Uses Linux on provided cloud virtualization platform.
- 29. Overview • Deployment motivation • Network deployment • IPv6 Services deployment • IPv6 Anycast service • IPv6 Cloud service • Summary
- 30. Summary • DNS – Test the service before adding AAAA in DNS. • Other hosts will start connecting via IPv6. – Use low TTL initially e.g. 5 min to easily roll back. – Must have working reverse DNS for IPv6. • Google not accepting mail if SMTP server has no reverse DNS. – Set the IP your DNS server will use for outbound. • Zone transfers might be blocked if auto configuration was used. • Mail – Make sure static IP is being use for outbound. – IPv6 reverse DNS must be working or mail might bounce. – Update SPF record if you have existing one for IPv4. – Update firewall/ACL, the same for IPv4.
- 31. Summary • Web – Apache • Other hosts will start connecting via IPv6. – Use low TTL initially e.g. 5 min to easily roll back. – Must have working reverse DNS for IPv6. • Google not accepting mail if SMTP server has no reverse DNS. – Set the IP your DNS server will use for outbound. • Zone transfers might be blocked if auto configuration was used. • Mail – Make sure static IP is being use for outbound. – IPv6 reverse DNS must be working or mail might bounce. – Update SPF record if you have existing one for IPv4. – Update firewall/ACL, the same for IPv4.
- 32. Summary • IPv6 service on cloud – Amazon AWS is now supporting IPv6, check location • Can deploy dual stack virtual machine • IPv6 load balancer is available • IPv6 DNS based, geolocation traffic management is available – Linode supports IPv6 in most locations. • Can deploy dual stack virtual machine • IPv6 load balancer is available • No DNS based, geolocation traffic management – Dyn DNS based, geolocation traffic management works • Pricing is not transparent, rely on sales representative for pricing. • Quite expensive
- 33. Summary • Monitoring – Review existing monitoring, behavior might have changed. • Does it check for IPv6 or IPv4? • Example: SSH check will start using IPv6 not both. – Duplicating an existing check to work with IPv6 • Making sure critical services have separate check for both IPv4 and IPv6 – Monitoring host must be running on dual stack – Customized, scripting to suit requirements. – Monitor services from external network. • Will give you idea if your IPv6 provider is stable and reliable. • Allows monitoring of changes in firewall/ACLs rules.
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- 35. IPv6@APNIC 35