npNOG 2: APNIC IPv6 deployment
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APNIC deployed IPv6 across its network and services over several years using the following approach: 1) APNIC initially used its IPv6 allocation of 2001:DC0:2000::/35 and split it into /48 and /64 subnets for its network. It configured IPv6 routing and DNS services for these subnets. 2) APNIC then deployed IPv6 for its critical services like DNS, web, FTP, mail, and load balancing. This included configuring IPv6 addresses and enabling IPv6 protocols for these services. 3) APNIC later added anycast instances of its DNS services and regional whois service using cloud providers to improve availability. Lessons learned included testing services thoroughly before deployment and monitoring
npNOG 2: APNIC IPv6 deployment
- 1. APNIC IPv6 Deployment Shaqayeq Saleh npNOG2, Kathmandu, Nepal 18 June 2017
- 2. Overview β’ Deployment motivation β’ Network deployment β’ IPv6 Services deployment β’ IPv6 Anycast service β’ IPv6 Cloud service β’ Summary
- 3. Motivation for deployment β’ Promoting and supporting IPv6 deployment in the region β’ Providing critical DNS infrastructure β’ Providing public whois service for APNIC blocks
- 5. IPv6 Reverse Delegations Root . in-addr 202 203 64 22 ip6 0.4.2.ip6.arpa net org com arpa ianaapnic apple
- 7. 1 2 3 Using the initial allocation: 2001:DC0:2000::/35 ( before 2003 ) Deploy IPv6 in parallel with existing IPv4 network (dual stack) Use IPv4 tunnel for peering while no native IPv6 upstream available yet. (2003) Deployment timeline Best practice β’ Use 1 x /48 subnet for staff workstations and mobile device. β’ Use 1 x /64 for each network VLAN β’ Use 1 x /64 for all loopback and point to point links
- 8. 4 5 6 Split 2001:DC0:2000::/35 into /48s Split 2001:DC0:2000:0000::/48 into /64s Used VLAN number as part of subnet: VLAN 10 => 2001:DC0:2000:10::/64 Configuration of IPv6 upstream connection β’ Configured BGP peering with Hurricane Electric β’ Advertise 2001:DC0:2000::/35 β’ Configure router VLAN 10 interface with /64 subnet. Deployment timeline
- 9. 7 8 9 Configured cisco router interface on VLAN 10 as RA β’ Used 2001:0DC0:2000:10::/64 for stateless auto- configuration Configured Bind caching/recursive DNS server β’ Running bind on Redhat Linux β’ Assigned static IPv6 on the network interface: o 2001:0DC0:2000:10::53/64 β’ Enabled Bind to listen on IPv6 address β’ dig www.ripe.net @2001:0DC0:2000:10::53 to test Deployment timeline Connected workstations to VLAN 10 for testing β’ Verify IPv6 auto configuration works by looking at interface IP β’ Verify reachability: ping6, traceroute6
- 10. Subnetting (Example) 2001:0DC0::/35 2001:0DC0:0000::/48 Original block: Rewrite as a /48 subnet: First /48 Rewrite as /64 subnet How may /64 blocks are there in /48? /48 /64 = 2128-48 2128-64 = 280 264 = 216 2001:0DC0:0000:0000::/64 First /64 or 264 -248 = 216
- 11. Subnetting (Example) 2001:0DC0:0000::/48 In bits 0000 0000 0000 00002001:0DC0: ::/48 0000 0000 0000 00012001:0DC0: ::/48 0000 0000 0000 00102001:0DC0: ::/48 0000 0000 0000 00112001:0DC0: ::/48 Start by manipulating the LSB of your network prefix β write in BITS 2001:0DC0:0000::/48 2001:0DC0:0001::/48 2001:0DC0:0002::/48 2001:0DC0:0003::/48 Then write back into hex digits
- 12. DNS Production deployment β’ Use 2001:DC0::/32 β 2001:DC0:0000:/35 in Japan β’ Secondary DNS servers β 2001:DC0:2000:/35 in Australia β’ Secondary DNS servers, APNIC services β Web, Mail, etc. β 2001:DC0:4000:/35 in Hong Kong β’ Secondary DNS servers
- 14. IPv6 Services deployment DNS Service β DNS servers for APNIC.NET must be configured first. β’ Setup the server static IPv6 address β’ Configure to listen on IPv6 UDP and TCP port 53. β’ Apply the same DNS ACL of IPv4 for IPv6 traffic. β Adding AAAA resource records with 5 minutes TTL initially. ns1.apnic.net. 1H IN A 202.12.29.25 ns1.apnic.net. 5M IN AAAA 2001:0DB8:11::25 tinnie.apnic.net. 1H IN A 202.12.29.59 tinnie.apnic.net. 5M IN AAAA 2001:0DB8:11::59 ns3.apnic.net. 1H IN A 202.12.28.131 ns3.apnic.net. 5M IN AAAA 2001:0DB8:21::131
- 15. Services deployment DNS Service β Update apnic.net GLUE record from domain registry. apnic.net. ns1.apnic.net. apnic.net. ns3.apnic.net. apnic.net. tinnie.apnic.net. ns1.apnic.net. 202.12.29.25 ns1.apnic.net. 2001:0DB8:11::25 ns3.apnic.net. 202.12.28.131 ns3.apnic.net. 2001:0DB8:21::131 tinnie.apnic.net. 202.12.29.59 tinnie.apnic.net. 2001:0DB8:11::59
- 16. Services deployment web service β Update www.apnic.net host with IPv6 static IP address β Update apache configuration to listen on IPv6 TCP 80, 443. β Add AAAA record in DNS for www.apnic.net. www.apnic.net 1H IN A 203.119.102.244 www.apnic.net 5M IN AAAA 2001:0DB8:13::244 FTP service β Update ftp.apnic.net host with IPv6 static IP address β Update FTP service to listen on IPv6 TCP port 21. β Add AAAA record in DNS for ftp.apnic.net. ftp.apnic.net 1H IN A 202.12.29.205 ftp.apnic.net 5M IN AAAA 2001:0DB8:11::205
- 17. Services deployment Mail gateway β Replaced Barracuda spam firewall with Halon β Supports incoming and outgoing IPv6 SMTP session. β Uses IPv6 as priority and failover to IPv4 if connection failed. β Serve as internal IPv6 SMTP open relay. β Clustering worked only in IPv4 until 2004 β Anti-spam, anti-virus definition updates via IPv4. Mail store β Used Courier IMAP to serve IPv6 mail client access. β Migrated to Microsoft Exchange and works with IPv6. β Uses IPv6 as priority and failover to IPv4 if connection failed.
- 18. Services deployment Load balancer β Replaced Radware with F5 LTM β Full support of IPv6 service load balancing. β Allows IPv6 virtual server with IPv4 only backend server pool. β Use for load balancing whois queries in both IPv4 and IPv6.
- 19. Services deployment LAN and WIFI β Using router for both LAN and WIFI IPv6 auto configuration β Using redundant pair of IPv4 DCHP server and DNS resolver β WIFI authentication uses Radius and LDAP over IPv6.
- 20. Services deployment VPN β Using SSL VPN, assigning IPv4 and IPv6 address β Authentication uses Active Directory over IPv6.
- 22. IPv6 Anycast Service β’ e.in-addr-servers.arpa β Dual stack anycast DNS server β Authoritative for all IPv4 /8 in-addr.arpa delegations. β’ Example: 202.in-addr.arpa, 1.in-addr.arpa β Using the same IP: 203.119.86.101 & 2001:DD8:6::101/48 β’ Brisbane β’ Hong Kong β’ Tokyo β Using Unique AS number in BGP peering for each location.
- 24. IPv6 Anycast Service β’ 2017 β Additional anycast DNS servers β Secondary DNS service for CCTLDs in developing countries. β Anycast instance of APNIC NS servers β’ Secondary DNS for APNIC block reverse delegations. β Anycast instance of e.ip6.arpa-servers β’ Secondary DNS for ip6.arpa delegations - IPv6 Registry blocks β Anycast deployment: Australia, Singapore, Japan
- 26. IPv6 Cloud Service APNIC Regional whois service: whois.apnic.net β’ Multiple whois servers behind a load balancer per site β’ Site locations: Brisbane, Tokyo, London, Fremont US. β’ Load balancer provides dual stack whois access. β’ Load balancer and whois server uses IPv4 internally. β’ Uses the cloud provided IPv4 and IPv6 static IP address. β’ Uses Linux on provided cloud virtualization platform.
- 28. Lessons Learned
- 29. Lessons learned β’ DNS β Test the service before adding AAAA in DNS. β’ Other hosts will start connecting via IPv6. β Use low TTL initially e.g. 5 min to easily roll back. β Must have working reverse DNS for IPv6. β’ Google not accepting mail if SMTP server has no reverse DNS. β Set the IP your DNS server will use for outbound. β’ Zone transfers might be blocked if auto configuration was used.
- 30. Lessons learned β’ Mail β Make sure static IP is being use for outbound. β IPv6 reverse DNS must be working or mail might bounce. β Update SPF record if you have existing one for IPv4. β Update firewall/ACL, the same for IPv4.
- 31. Lessons learned β’ Monitoring β Review existing monitoring, behavior might have changed. β’ Does it check for IPv6 or IPv4? β’ Example: SSH check will start using IPv6 not both. β Duplicating an existing check to work with IPv6 β’ Making sure critical services have separate check for both IPv4 and IPv6 β Monitoring host must be running on dual stack β Customized, scripting to suit requirements. β Monitor services from external network. β’ Will give you idea if your IPv6 provider is stable and reliable. β’ Allows monitoring of changes in firewall/ACLs rules.
- 32. Lessons learned β’ IPv6 service on cloud β Some cloud providers such as Amazon AWS is now supporting IPv6, check location β’ Can deploy dual stack virtual machine β’ IPv6 load balancer is available β’ IPv6 DNS based, geolocation traffic management is available β Linode supports IPv6 in most locations. β’ Can deploy dual stack virtual machine β’ IPv6 load balancer is available β’ No DNS based, geolocation traffic management β Dyn DNS based, geolocation traffic management works β’ Pricing is not transparent, rely on sales representative for pricing. β’ Quite expensive