App D
Download as PPT, PDF1 like248 views
This document provides an overview of how to use SQL*Plus to log in, edit and execute SQL statements, format output, and interact with script files. It describes how to log in to SQL*Plus, display table structures, edit SQL commands, execute commands from files, and save SQL statements to files. The key difference between SQL statements and SQL*Plus commands is also outlined.
![Logging In to SQL*Plus From a Windows environment: From a command line: sqlplus [ username [/ password [@ database ]]]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/appd-100209113528-phpapp02/85/App-D-6-320.jpg)
![Displaying Table Structure Use the SQL*Plus DESCRIBE command to display the structure of a table: DESC[RIBE] tablename](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/appd-100209113528-phpapp02/85/App-D-7-320.jpg)
![SQL*Plus Editing Commands A[PPEND] text C[HANGE] / old / new C[HANGE] / text / CL[EAR] BUFF[ER] DEL DEL n DEL m n](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/appd-100209113528-phpapp02/85/App-D-9-320.jpg)
![SQL*Plus Editing Commands I[NPUT] I[NPUT] text L[IST] L[IST] n L[IST] m n R[UN] n n text 0 text](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/appd-100209113528-phpapp02/85/App-D-10-320.jpg)
App D
- 2. Objectives After completing this appendix, you should be able to do the following: Log in to SQL*Plus Edit SQL commands Format output using SQL*Plus commands Interact with script files
- 3. SQL and SQL*Plus Interaction Buffer Server SQL statements Query results SQL scripts SQL*Plus
- 4. SQL Statements Versus SQL*Plus Commands SQL statements SQL A language ANSI-standard Keywords cannot be abbreviated Statements manipulate data and table definitions in the database SQL*Plus An environment Oracle-proprietary Keywords can be abbreviated Commands do not allow manipulation of values in the database SQL buffer SQL*Plus commands SQL*Plus buffer
- 5. Overview of SQL*Plus Log in to SQL*Plus. Describe the table structure. Edit your SQL statement. Execute SQL from SQL*Plus. Save SQL statements to files and append SQL statements to files. Execute saved files. Load commands from file to buffer to edit.
- 6. Logging In to SQL*Plus From a Windows environment: From a command line: sqlplus [ username [/ password [@ database ]]]
- 7. Displaying Table Structure Use the SQL*Plus DESCRIBE command to display the structure of a table: DESC[RIBE] tablename
- 8. Displaying Table Structure Name Null? Type ----------------------- -------- ------------ DEPARTMENT_ID NOT NULL NUMBER(4) DEPARTMENT_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30) MANAGER_ID NUMBER(6) LOCATION_ID NUMBER(4) SQL> DESCRIBE departments
- 9. SQL*Plus Editing Commands A[PPEND] text C[HANGE] / old / new C[HANGE] / text / CL[EAR] BUFF[ER] DEL DEL n DEL m n
- 10. SQL*Plus Editing Commands I[NPUT] I[NPUT] text L[IST] L[IST] n L[IST] m n R[UN] n n text 0 text
- 11. Using LIST , n , and APPEND SQL> 1 SQL> L SQL> LIST 1 SELECT last_name 2* FROM employees 1* SELECT last_name SQL> A , job_id 1* SELECT last_name, job_id 1 SELECT last_name, job_id 2* FROM employees
- 12. Using the CHANGE Command SQL> L 1* SELECT * from employees SQL> c/employees/departments 1* SELECT * from departments SQL> L 1* SELECT * from departments
- 13. SQL*Plus File Commands SAVE filename GET filename START filename @ filename EDIT filename SPOOL filename EXIT
- 14. Using the SAVE and START Commands Created file my_query SQL> START my_query SQL> L 1 SELECT last_name, manager_id, department_id 2* FROM employees SQL> SAVE my_query LAST_NAME MANAGER_ID DEPARTMENT_ID ------------------------- ---------- ------------- King 90 Kochhar 100 90 ... 20 rows selected.
- 15. Summary Execute SQL statements Edit SQL statements Format output Interact with script files In this appendix, you should have learned how to use SQL*Plus as an environment to do the following:
Editor's Notes
- #3: Objectives You might want to create SELECT statements that can be used again and again. This appendix also covers the use of SQL*Plus commands to execute SQL statements. You learn how to format output using SQL*Plus commands, edit SQL commands, and save scripts in SQL*Plus.
- #4: SQL and SQL*Plus SQL is a command language for communication with the Oracle9 i Server from any tool or application. Oracle SQL contains many extensions. When you enter a SQL statement, it is stored in a part of memory called the SQL buffer and remains there until you enter a new SQL statement. SQL*Plus is an Oracle tool that recognizes and submits SQL statements to the Oracle9 i Server for execution. It contains its own command language. Features of SQL Can be used by a range of users, including those with little or no programming experience Is a nonprocedural language Reduces the amount of time required for creating and maintaining systems Is an English-like language Features of SQL*Plus Accepts ad hoc entry of statements Accepts SQL input from files Provides a line editor for modifying SQL statements Controls environmental settings Formats query results into basic reports Accesses local and remote databases
- #5: SQL and SQL*Plus (continued) The following table compares SQL and SQL*Plus:
- #6: SQL*Plus SQL*Plus is an environment in which you can do the following: Execute SQL statements to retrieve, modify, add, and remove data from the database Format, perform calculations on, store, and print query results in the form of reports Create script files to store SQL statements for repeated use in the future SQL*Plus commands can be divided into the following main categories:
- #7: Logging In to SQL*Plus How you invoke SQL*Plus depends on which type of operating system or Windows environment you are running. To log in from a Windows environment: 1. Select Start > Programs > Oracle > Application Development > SQL*Plus. 2. Enter the username, password, and database name. To log in from a command-line environment: 1. Log on to your machine. 2. Enter the SQL*Plus command shown in the slide. In the syntax: username Your database username password Your database password (Your password is visible if you enter it here.) @database The database connect string Note: To ensure the integrity of your password, do not enter it at the operating system prompt. Instead, enter only your username. Enter your password at the password prompt. After you log in to SQL*Plus, you see the following message (if you are using SQL*Plus version 9 i ): SQL*Plus: Release 9.0.1.0.0 - Development on Tue Jan 9 08:44:28 2001 (c) Copyright 2000 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
- #8: Displaying Table Structure In SQL*Plus, you can display the structure of a table using the DESCRIBE command. The result of the command is a display of column names and data types as well as an indication if a column must contain data. In the syntax: tablename The name of any existing table, view, or synonym that is accessible to the user To describe the JOB_GRADES table, use this command: SQL> DESCRIBE job_grades Name Null? Type ---------------------------------- -------- ----------- GRADE_LEVEL VARCHAR2(3) LOWEST_SAL NUMBER HIGHEST_SAL NUMBER
- #9: Displaying Table Structure (continued) The example in the slide displays the information about the structure of the DEPARTMENTS table. In the result: Null? Specifies whether a column must contain data ( NOT NULL indicates that a column must contain data.) Type Displays the data type for a column The following table describes the data types:
- #10: SQL*Plus Editing Commands SQL*Plus commands are entered one line at a time and are not stored in the SQL buffer. Guidelines If you press [Enter] before completing a command, SQL*Plus prompts you with a line number. You terminate the SQL buffer either by entering one of the terminator characters (semicolon or slash) or by pressing [Enter] twice. The SQL prompt then appears.
- #11: SQL*Plus Editing Commands (continued) Note: You can enter only one SQL*Plus command for each SQL prompt. SQL*Plus commands are not stored in the buffer. To continue a SQL*Plus command on the next line, end the first line with a hyphen (-).
- #12: Using LIST , n , and APPEND Use the L[IST] command to display the contents of the SQL buffer. The asterisk ( *) beside line 2 in the buffer indicates that line 2 is the current line. Any edits that you made apply to the current line. Change the number of the current line by entering the number ( n ) of the line that you want to edit. The new current line is displayed. Use the A[PPEND] command to add text to the current line. The newly edited line is displayed. Verify the new contents of the buffer by using the LIST command. Note: Many SQL*Plus commands, including LIST and APPEND , can be abbreviated to just their first letter. LIST can be abbreviated to L ; APPEND can be abbreviated to A .
- #13: Using the CHANGE Command Use L[IST] to display the contents of the buffer. Use the C[HANGE] command to alter the contents of the current line in the SQL buffer. In this case, replace the employees table with the departments table. The new current line is displayed. Use the L[IST] command to verify the new contents of the buffer.
- #14: SQL*Plus File Commands SQL statements communicate with the Oracle server. SQL*Plus commands control the environment, format query results, and manage files. You can use the commands described in the following table:
- #15: SAVE Use the SAVE command to store the current contents of the buffer in a file. In this way, you can store frequently used scripts for use in the future. START Use the START command to run a script in SQL*Plus. EDIT Use the EDIT command to edit an existing script. This opens an editor with the script file in it. When you have made the changes, quit the editor to return to the SQL*Plus command line.
- #16: Summary SQL*Plus is an execution environment that you can use to send SQL commands to the database server and to edit and save SQL commands. You can execute commands from the SQL prompt or from a script file.