SQL_SERVER_BASIC_1_Training.pptx

Overview
a. Introduction
• What is SQL Server
• History SQL Server
• SQL Server Edition
• Importance of SQL Server Instance
• Summary
b. SQL Server Database : Create, Alter, Drop, Backup / Restore
c. SQL Server Data Types
d. SQL Server Table: CREATE, ALTER, DROP
e. SQL Server DML (Insert, Update, Delete)
f. SQL Server Keys, Constraints and Indexes
SQL Server

a. Introduction
• What is SQL Server ?
SQL SERVER is a relational database
management system (RDBMS) developed by
Microsoft. It is primarily designed and
developed to compete with MySQL and Oracle
database.
SQL Server supports ANSI SQL, which is the
standard SQL (Structured Query Language)
language. However, SQL Server comes with its
own implementation of the SQL language, T-
SQL (Transact-SQL).
T-SQL is a Microsoft propriety Language
known as Transact-SQL. It provides further
capabilities of declaring variable, exception
handling, stored procedure, etc.
• Version History SQL Server
Microsoft and Sybase released version 1.0 in
1989.
However, the partnership between these two
ended in the early 1990s.
Microsoft maintained ownership rights to the
name SQL Server.
Since the 1990s, subsequent versions of SQL
Server have been released including SQL
Server 2000, 2005, 2008, 2012, 2014, 2016,
2017, and 2019

a. Introduction - Conts
• SQL Server Editions
SQL Server Enterprise: It is used in the high
end, large scale and mission Critical
It provides High-end security, Advanced
Analytics, Machine Learning, etc.
SQL Server Standard: It is suitable for Mid-
Tier Application and Data marts. It includes
basic reporting and analytics.
SQL Server WEB: It is designed for a low total-
cost-of-ownership option for Web hosters. It
provides scalability, affordability, and
manageability capabilities for small to large
scale Web properties.
SQL Server Developer: It is similar to an
enterprise edition for the non-production
environment. It is mainly used for build, test,
and demo.
• Importance of SQL Server
Instances
The following are the advantages of SQL
Server instances:
1. For installation of different versions on
one machine
2. For cost reduction
3. For maintenance of development,
production and test environments separately
4. For reducing temporary database
problems
5. For separating security privileges
6. For maintaining a standby server

a. Introduction - Conts
• Summary
• SQL Server is defined as a relational database management system (RDBMS)
developed by Microsoft
• T-SQL means Transact-SQL, a propriety Language by Microsoft
• Microsoft and Sybase released version 1.0 in 1989
• Various Editions of SQL Server are Enterprise, Standard, Web, Developer, and
Express
• You can run multiple instances of SQL Server the same on the same machine.

b. SQL Server Database
First, launch the Microsoft SQL Server
Management Studio from the Start menu
Next, from the Connect menu under
the Object Explorer, choose
the Database Engine…
[1]
[2]
a. Connect to SQL Server

b. SQL Server Database - Conts
[3]
If the connection is established
successfully, then you will see the
following Object Explorer panel:
[4]

b. Create Database
There are 2 ways to create Database in
SQL server.
1.SQL Server Management Studio
2.Transact-SQL
[1.1]

[1.2]

[1.3]
[Optional – For Advance Setting] [1.4]

2. Transact-SQL
CREATE DATABASE <Database_name>
Syntax:
Query:
CREATE DATABASE
[Edu_TSQL_file]
[2.1]
[2.2]
[2.3]

c. Alter Database
There are 2 ways to alter Database in
SQL server.
2.Transact-SQL

2. Transact-SQL
Syntax:
ALTER DATABASE <Databse_name> MODIFY
NAME = <New Name>
Query:
ALTER DATABASE <Databse_name> MODIFY NAME =
<New Name>

d. Delete Database
There are 2 ways to Delete Database in SQL
server.
2.Transact-SQL.
1.SQL Server Management
Studio

2. Transact-SQL.
Syntax:
DROP DATABASE <Databse_name>
Query:
USE master; GO DROP DATABASE
Edu_TSQL_Alter; GO

e. Backup /
Restore
Database

c. SQL
Server
Data
Type
DECLARE @Datatype_Char VARCHAR(30) = 'This is
Character Datatype' PRINT @Datatype_Char
Example :
DECLARE @Datatype_Float FLOAT(24) = 22.1234
PRINT @Datatype_Float
DECLARE @Datatype_Decimal DECIMAL (3,2) = 2.31
PRINT @Datatype_Decimal - (P,S) : P : precision , S :
scale
DECLARE @Datatype_Date DATE = '2030-01-01' PRINT
@Datatype_Date
DECLARE @Datatype_Binary BINARY(2) = 12; PRINT
@Datatype_Binary

d. SQL Server Table (Create, Alter,
Drop)
We can Create a table in the following
ways:
1.T-SQL: Create a New Table by defining
all columns and its data type.
2.T-SQL: Create New Table using an
existing table
3.Using Table Designer
1. T-SQL: Create a New Table by defining all
Syntax:
CREATE TABLE tableName ( column_1 datatype [ NULL | NOT NULL ],
column_2 datatype [ NULL | NOT NULL ], ... );
Query:
CREATE TABLE COURSE ( Course_ID Int, Course_Name Varchar(10) )
a. Create Table
Interesting Facts!
•We can also store big files like .xml in a column as
BLOB, CLOB datatype.
•Delete can roll back, but Drop cannot be rollback.

d. SQL Server Table - Conts
2. T-SQL: Create New Table using
an existing
Syntax:
SELECT (Column 1, …) INTO <New Table name>
FROM <Old Table name>;
Query:
SELECT COURSE_NAME INTO
COURSE_NAMES FROM COURSE;
3. Using Table Designer

b. Alter Table
Syntax:
Alter TABLE <Table name> ADD Column1 datatype,
Column2 datatype;
Example:
ALTER TABLE dbo.Course_Title ADD Course_Duration
VARCHAR(20);
There are two ways to Alter Table in SQL server.
1. T-SQL: Alter Table by adding new columns.
2. Using Table designer
Below is the syntax to Alter table
1. T-SQL: Alter Table by adding new columns.
2. Using Table designer

c. Drop Table
We delete the table when it is not required
anymore.
There are two ways to Drop Table in SQL server.
1. Using SQL Server Management Studio.
2. T-SQL: Delete Table.
1. Using SQL Server Management Studio.
2. T-SQL: Delete Table.
Syntax:
DROP TABLE
<tableName>;
Query:
DROP TABLE
COURSE_NAMES;

e. SQL Server DML (Insert,
Update, Delete)
DML (Data Manipulation Language) :
a. Insert
b. Update
c. Delete
Additional Information :
You can turn auto commit ON by setting
implicit_transactions OFF (Tools>Options>Query
Execution>SQL Server>ANSI) :
SET IMPLICIT_TRANSACTIONS OFF
Commit :
SET IMPLICIT_TRANSACTIONS ON
--Syntax DML
COMMIT TRANSACTION
Rollback :
SET IMPLICIT_TRANSACTIONS ON
--Syntax DML
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION
a. Insert
Syntax
INSERT INTO tableName (column_1, column_2, ... ) VALUES
(expression_1, expression_2, ... ), (expression_1, expression_2, ... ),
...;
Insert command.
Insert into COURSE values (1,'SQL’);
b. Update
UPDATE table_name SET c1 = v1, c2 = v2, ... cn = vn [WHERE
condition]
UPDATE sales.taxes SET updated_at = GETDATE();
Syntax
Update command.
c. Delete
DELETE FROM
target_table;
DELETE FROM
COURSE;
Syntax Update comman
d.

f. SQL Server : Keys, Constraint,
Indexes
a. Keys
• Primary
Key
• Foreign
Key
b. Constraint
• Unique
Constraint
• Check
Constraint
c. Indexes
a. Keys
• Primary Key
T-SQL: Create a Primary key while creating a New Table.
CREATE TABLE <Table_Name> ( Column1 datatype, Column2
datatype,CONSTRAINT <Name> PRIMARY KEY (Column name) . );
Syntax:
Example:
CREATE TABLE COURSE_TSQL_PK (Course_ID Int not Null, Course_name
Varchar(20) CONSTRAINT PK PRIMARY KEY (Course_ID) )
T-SQL: Add a Primary key to existing table using Alter Table
Syntax:
ALTER TABLE tableName ADD CONSTRAINT constraintName PRIMARY KEY
(column_1, column_2, ... column_n);
Example :
ALTER TABLE students ADD CONSTRAINT students_pk PRIMARY KEY
(admission);
Interesting Facts!
•The Primary key can be a
combination of multiple
columns. This
combination is known as
the Composite primary
key.
•The Primary key can
have a maximum of 16
columns.

Indexes - Conts
• Foreign Key
How to Create FOREIGN KEY in SQL
We can Create a Foreign Key in SQL server in 2 ways:
2.T-SQL
SQL Server Management Studio
[1]
[2]
[3] [4]
Parent Table: Say, we have an existing Parent table as 'Course.'
Course_ID and Course_name are two columns with Course_Id as
Primary Key.
Child Table: We need to create the second table as a child
table. 'Course_ID' and 'Course_Strength' as two columns.
However, 'Course_ID' shall be Foreign Key.

Indexes - Conts
• Foreign Key
[5]
[6]
[7] [8]
[9]

Indexes - Conts
• Foreign Key
Syntax:
CREATE TABLE childTable ( column_1 datatype [ NULL
|NOT NULL ], column_2 datatype [ NULL |NOT NULL ], ...
CONSTRAINT fkey_name FOREIGN KEY
(child_column1, child_column2, ... child_column_n)
REFERENCES parentTable (parent_column1,
parent_column2, ... parent_column_n) [ ON DELETE { NO
ACTION |CASCADE |SET NULL |SET DEFAULT } ] [ ON
UPDATE { NO ACTION |CASCADE |SET NULL |SET
DEFAULT } ] );
Query:
CREATE TABLE Course_Strength_TSQL ( Course_ID
Int, Course_Strength Varchar(20) CONSTRAINT FK
FOREIGN KEY (Course_ID) REFERENCES COURSE
(Course_ID) )
Using ALTER TABLE
ALTER TABLE childTable ADD CONSTRAINT fkey_name
FOREIGN KEY (child_column1, child_column2, ...
child_column_n) REFERENCES parentTable (parent_column1,
parent_column2, ... parent_column_n);
Syntax: Query:
ALTER TABLE department ADD CONSTRAINT
fkey_student_admission FOREIGN KEY (admission) REFERENCES
students (admission);

Indexes - Conts
b. Constraint
Create unique Contraint - Using a CREATE TABLE statement
CREATE TABLE table_name ( column1 datatype [ NULL |
NOT NULL ], column2 datatype [ NULL | NOT NULL ], ...
CONSTRAINT constraint_name UNIQUE (uc_col1, uc_col2,
... uc_col_n) );
CREATE TABLE employees ( employee_id INT PRIMARY
KEY, employee_number INT NOT NULL, last_name
VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL, first_name VARCHAR(50),
salary MONEY, CONSTRAINT employees_unique UNIQUE
(employee_number) );
Create unique contraint - Using an ALTER TABLE statement
ALTER TABLE table_name ADD CONSTRAINT
constraint_name UNIQUE (column1, column2, ... column_n);
ALTER TABLE employees ADD CONSTRAINT
employees_unique UNIQUE (employee_number);
• Unique Constraint
Drop Unique Constraint
ALTER TABLE table_name DROP CONSTRAINT
constraint_name;
• Check Constraint
Using a CREATE TABLE statement
CREATE TABLE table_name ( column1 datatype [ NULL | NOT NULL ],
column2 datatype [ NULL | NOT NULL ], ... CONSTRAINT
constraint_name CHECK [ NOT FOR REPLICATION ] (column_name
condition) );
CREATE TABLE employees ( employee_id INT NOT NULL, last_name
VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL, first_name VARCHAR(50), salary MONEY,
CONSTRAINT check_employee_id CHECK (employee_id BETWEEN 1
and 10000) );
Using an ALTER TABLE statement
ALTER TABLE table_name ADD CONSTRAINT constraint_name CHECK
(column_name condition);
ALTER TABLE employees ADD CONSTRAINT check_last_name
CHECK (last_name IN ('Smith', 'Anderson', 'Jones'));
Drop a Check Constraint
ALTER TABLE table_name DROP CONSTRAINT constraint_name;

Indexes - Conts
c. Indexes
CREATE [ UNIQUE ] [ CLUSTERED | NONCLUSTERED ] INDEX
index_name ON table_name ( column1 [ASC | DESC ], ... column_n [
ASC | DESC ] ) [ INCLUDE ( column1, ... column_n ) ] [ WHERE
condition ] [ WITH ( PAD_INDEX = { ON | OFF } | FILLFACTOR =
fillfactor | SORT_IN_TEMPDB = { ON | OFF } | IGNORE_DUP_KEY = {
ON | OFF } | STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = { ON | OFF } |
STATISTICS_INCREMENTAL = { ON | OFF } | DROP_EXISTING = {
ON | OFF } | ONLINE = { ON | OFF } | ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = { ON |
OFF } | ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = { ON | OFF } | MAXDOP =
max_degree | DATA_COMPRESSION = { NONE | PAGE | ROW } [
ON PARTITIONS ( { number | range } ] [ ON partition_scheme (
column ) | ON filegroup | ON default_filegroup ] [ FILESTREAM_ON {
filegroup | partition_scheme };
CREATE INDEX contacts_idx ON contacts (last_name);
CREATE INDEX contacts_idx ON contacts (last_name, first_name);
CREATE INDEX contacts_idx ON contacts (last_name DESC, first_name
DESC);
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX contacts_uidx ON contacts (last_name,
first_name);
Unique Constraint
Rename an Index
sp_rename 'table_name.old_index_name', 'new_index_name', 'INDEX';
Drop an Index
DROP INDEX table_name.index_name;

Thanks.
REFERENCE :
• H T T P S : / / W W W . T E C H O N T H E N E T . C O M / S Q L _ S E R V E R /
• H T T P S : / / W W W . G U R U 9 9 . C O M / M S - S Q L - S E R V E R - T U T O R I A L . H T M L
• H T T P S : / / W W W . S Q L S E R V E R T U T O R I A L . N E T / ? S = C O N S T R A I N T

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