Appendages of thorax
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This document discusses the appendages of the thorax (legs and wings) and abdomen (male and female genitalia) in insects. It describes the typical structure of insect legs, and various modifications including cursorial, saltatorial, raptorial, fossorial, natatorial, clinging, silk secreting, antenna cleaner, pollen collecting, and basket-like legs. Wing structures are also summarized, including typical wings, wing modifications like elytra and hemelytra, and wing coupling apparatuses. Finally, the document provides an overview of male and female genitalia in insects.
Appendages of thorax
- 1. APPENDAGES OF THORAX (LEGS & WINGS) AND THEIR MODIFICATIONS, ABDOMEN (MALE AND FEMALE GENITALIA) Dr. Muhammad Hamid Bashir Assistant Professor Department of Entomology University of Agriculture, Faisalabad
- 2. OUTLINE Legs Typical leg Modifications Wings • Typical • Modifications Wings coupling apparatusAbdomen Genitalia • Male • Female APPENDAGES OF THORAX
- 3. FUN FACTS ABOUT INSECTS Most successful creatures on the planet Insects have been around for at least 350 million years Over 900,000 described species (75% of all animal species) Biomass •Diversified Habitat from aquatic to terrestrial
- 4. AN INSECT Head Thorax Abdomen 3 pairs of legs
- 5. THORAX Prothorax Mesothorax Metathorax Pterothorax 3 Segmented
- 6. Prothorax Mesothorax Metathorax Leg I Leg II Leg III Pterothorax Thorax Fore wing Hind wing
- 8. Typical Leg 1st basal segment Large, elongated. Attached with body by coxal corium membrane Coxa
- 9. Small, Triangular segment, Fixed with femur Trochanter
- 10. Long and thick segment Femur Fishbone provided muscles on it Narrows towards apex Femasulcus` Brunners organ on it
- 11. Long, slender Tibia Spines over it Strong spurs at apex
- 12. 3 segmented Tarsus 1st segment longer than 2nd 3rd segment largest Plantulae present Claws present Arolium
- 13. CURSORIAL Femur normal not thickened Femur and tibia are long Legs are well developed similar in form • Metaleg of cockroach Ambulatory or walking
- 14. Pro leg of Grasshopper
- 16. Cockroach
- 17. Boxelder bug
- 18. Red Cotton Bug
- 19. Red Cotton Bug Pro Leg Meso Leg
- 20. House Fly
- 21. Bug
- 23. Leaping or jumping Femur with powerful muscles and thick. Metaleg of grasshopper SALTATORIAL
- 25. Saltatorial
- 26. Catching or grasping Coxa is very long Femur long, thick with spines Tibia is shorter Proleg of mantid RAPTORIAL
- 28. RAPTORIAL
- 29. Parts are reduced and flattened for digging. Tibia has finger like projections. The tarsus is produced into three finger like processes Proleg of mole cricket FOSSORIAL Digging
- 30. Fossorial
- 31. Fossorial
- 32. Swimming All parts flattened and tarsus with hairs Metaleg of water beetle. NATATORIAL
- 33. Tibia has small process at apex. Tibia with claw. Louce CLINGING
- 34. 1st segment of tarsus swollen and contains silk glands. Proleg of female web spinner SILK SCRETING
- 35. SILK SCRETING
- 36. Apex of tibia with large spur. Many Hairs over it Proleg of worker honey bees ANTENNA CLEANER
- 37. Antenna Cleaner
- 39. Has polliniferous apparatus, Corbicula Metaleg of worker honeybees POLLEN COLLECTING
- 42. During flight all legs come together to form a basket. Dragonfly and damselfy BASKET LIKE
- 43. Basket like legs
- 44. INSECT WINGS
- 45. Wing development • Apterous (without wings) • Brachypterous (Reduced wings) • Macropterous (Well developed wings) • Wing pads (In nymphs of Exopterygota)
- 46. WINGS MARGINS AND AREAS Disc With maximum veins
- 48. Longitudenal veins Costa (C) Subcosta (Sc) Radius (R) Media (M) Cubitus (Cu) Anals (A) Unbranced 2-branced 5-branced 6-branced 2-branced 3 or 4 anals unbranched
- 49. Humeral (h) Radial (r) Sectorial (s) Radiomedial (r-m) Medial (m) Mediocubital (m-cu) Cross veins
- 50. INSECT WING costa subcosta radius medial cubitus anal jugal h= Costa + Subcosta r= R1 + Rs s = R3 + R4 r-m = R + M m = M2 + M3 m -cu= M + Cu
- 51. • Archedictyon (Irregular network of veins) • Nodus (Thick short cross vein in the midded of costal margin) • Pterostigma (Pigmented spot in costal margin) • Marginal Setae (Thrips) Archedictyon
- 52. Cells of Wings • Open Cells (Area extends to the margin of the wing) • Closed Cells (Area completely surrounded by veins)
- 53. TAGMINA Forewings modified into long, narrow, hard and slightly thick structure. Grasshopper Cockroaches Mantids Crickets
- 54. ELYTRA Forewings modified thick and hard. Beetles, Weevils, Earwigs
- 55. HEMELYTRA Basal part of forewing hard and thick Apical part thin and membranous Bugs
- 56. HALTERES Hind wings modified into tiny knobbed structure. Flies
- 57. PSEUDOHALTERES Forewings modified into halteres Male stylopids
- 58. FILOHALTERES Hindwings modified into long thread like structure Some Lacewings Ribbon winged insects
- 59. STRIPPY Strips or rod like structure and fringed with long hairs. Thrips
- 60. Strippy
- 61. MEMBRANOUS Hind wings very thin and broad like membrane. Grasshopper
- 62. Membranous
- 64. OVERLAPPING Fore wing overlaps the anterior border of the hind wing. Butterflies
- 65. FRENULUM & RETINACULUM Frenulum (Geomatrid Moth) Retinaculum (Geomatrid Moth)
- 70. ABDOMEN
- 71. ABDOMEN
- 72. TYMPANUM
- 73. GENITALIA
- 75. MALE GENITALIA Genital organs are called phallic complex Phallic complex contains aedeagus and epiphallus Aedeagus flask shaped wrapped in ectophallic membrane Basal valves connected to apical lobes Penis present in phallotreme cleft.
- 76. Epiphallus is collar like present on dorsal side of aedeagus. Consist of two long lateral sclerites connected with a bridge Have two two hook like posterior projections
- 77. MALE GENITALIA
- 78. FEMALE GENITALIA
- 79. Subgenital plate very large with egg guide present posteriorly. Ovipositor consists of dorsal and ventral valves. Valves have tips directed in opposite directions Egg guide is triangular present between valves of ovipositor. FEMALE GENITALIA
- 80. QUESTIONS???????