Application of Graphene in electronics
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Graphene is a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice. It is the thinnest material known and has remarkable properties such as strength, conductivity, and transparency. Graphene was first isolated in 2004 and has potential applications in electronics, solar cells, touchscreens, and more. It could replace silicon in transistors and integrated circuits due to its high electron mobility and thermal and electrical conductivity. Graphene is seen as an important material that will change electronics and enable new technologies in the future.
Application of Graphene in electronics
- 1. PAPER PRESENTATION ONApplication Of Graphene In Modern ElectronicsPresented By-ChinmayChepurwarG.H Raisoni College Of Engineering(An Autonomous Institute under UGC act 1956,affilated to RTMNU, Nagpur)Department of Electronics Engineering
- 3. History
- 4. Structure
- 5. Properties
- 6. What makes Graphene different from others?
- 8. Applications
- 9. How it will change electronics??So,WhatsGraphene???Worlds’ first 2D crystal.
- 10. Latest invented allotrope of Carbon
- 11. Noble Prize for Physics 2010
- 12. Single layer hexagonal structure.
- 13. Obtained from simple and abundant form of carbon graphite . Thinnest ever material in the world.The GrapheneElectron microscopic image on Sio2 surface
- 14. The inventersAndre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov have shown that carbon in such a flat form has exceptional propertiesKonstantin Novoselow and Andre Geim were awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize for physics.
- 15. HistoryThe theory behind the substance graphene was first explored by theoretical physicist Philip Wallace in 1947.
- 16. In 1960’s it was believed that physically graphene cannot exist abecause of thermodynamic unstability
- 17. Graphene in itself however wasn't discovered until 2004 in its full observable and testable form
- 18. Since then, in the past 6 years, scientists have discovered that the substance retains some amazing properties.
- 19. Single layers of graphite were previously (starting from the 1970s) grown epitaxially on top of other materials.
- 20. There have also been a number of efforts to make very thin films of graphite by mechanical exfoliation
- 21. A key advance in the science of graphene was brought by Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov at Manchester University
- 22. Scotch tape techniqueStructure of GrapheneSheets of graphene are bonded by loose bond in graphite. These bonds are broken and sheets are isolated to form graphene. These isolated hexagonal sheets are graphene.
- 23. Salientfeatures of the structure 2D Hexagonal structure.
- 24. Van der wall’s force of attraction.
- 25. Strong bonds.
- 26. Bond length 0.142 nm.
- 27. Long chain of interlinked,hexagonal lattice.
- 29. Electrical
- 30. Electronic
- 31. Optical
- 32. Thermal
- 33. MechanicalPhysical properties of Graphene Density- density of graphene 0.77 mg/m2. Strength- With its breaking strength 42 N/m it is 1000 times stronger than steel.Optical transparency- graphene is almost transparent with its ability of absorb just 2.3% of light falling on it.Thinnest possible material
- 34. Electrical propertiesDifferent electronic structure.
- 35. High electrical conductivity.
- 36. Conductivity further can be increased by applying electric field.
- 37. electrical conductivity of sheets are 10 times that of copper.
- 38. Best known conductor till nowElectronic properties15,000 cm2V−1s−1Graphene differs from most conventional three-dimensional materials..Intrinsic graphene is a semi-metal or zero-gap semiconductorGraphene has a remarkably high electron mobility at room temperatureThe mobility is nearly independent of temperature between 10 K and 100 K Resistivity of the graphene sheet would be 10−6 Ω·cm.Optical propertiesit absorbs πα ≈ 2.3% of white lightUnexpectedlyhigh opacity for an atomic monolayerThis is "a consequence of the unusual low-energy electronic structure of monolayer grapheneIt is further confirmed that such unique absorption could become saturated when the input optical intensity is above a threshold valueDue to this special property, graphene has wide application in ultrafast photonics
- 39. Thermal propertiesThe near-room temperature thermal conductivity of graphene was recently measured to be between (4.84±0.44) ×103 to (5.30±0.48) ×103 Wm−1K−1. Mechanical propertiesAs of 2009, graphene appears to be one of the strongest materials ever tested. 200 times greater than steelBulk strength is 130GPaGraphene sheets, held together by van der Waals forces
- 40. What makes Graphene different from others??? Unique structure.
- 41. All in one properties.
- 42. Low cost.
- 44. Simple fabrication techniques.
- 46. Thermal stability.Fabrication Technique Mechanical cleavagepeeling off layers of graphite with a sticky tapeoptical microscope image ofresulting flakes
- 47. It's essentially the basic building block for graphitic materials of all other dimensionalities; it's a stepping stone to building bigger thingsFullerenesNanotubesSheets
- 48. ApplicationsGraphene makes experiments possible that give new twists to the phenomena in quantum physics.
- 49. Applications in electrical engineering.
- 51. Most important in electronics engineering as component material.
- 52. As a superconducting material.
- 55. Solar cells
- 56. Graphene biodevices.Electrical engineeringCan replace graphite in brushes of motors.
- 57. Can be construction material for various electrical devices.
- 58. When mixed with plastic can be used as conductor with higher strength.
- 59. It will replace copper as conducting material. Mechanical engineeringIn Manufacturing process as Manufacturing material.
- 60. As a composite material for machines ,cars.
- 61. Defense.
- 62. Airplanes, space shuttles , satellite. Electronics EngineeringWill definitely replace silicon and germanium as device material.
- 63. Conducting material on PCBs.
- 65. Touchscreens
- 68. Graphene chips.Solar cells The large scale production of highly transparent graphene films by chemical vapour deposition three years ago. In this process, researchers create ultra-thin graphene sheets by first depositing carbon atoms in the form of graphene films on a nickel plate from methane gas. Then they lay down a protective layer of thermo plastic over the graphene layer and dissolve the nickel underneath in an acid bath. In the final step they attach the plastic-protected graphene to a very flexible polymer sheet, which can then be incorporated into a OPV cell (graphenephotovoltaics).
- 69. High transperancy will increase efficiency of solar cellsGrapheneBiodevicesGraphene's modifiable chemistry, large surface area, atomic thickness and molecularly-gatable structure make antibody-functionalized graphene sheets excellent candidates for mammalian and microbial detection and diagnosis devices. The most ambitious biological application of graphene is for rapid, inexpensive electronic DNA sequencing. Integration of graphene (thickness of 0.34 nm) layers as nanoelectrodes into a nanopore can solve one of the bottleneck issues
- 70. Nanopore-based single-molecule DNA sequencing.Fabrication of electronic devices Graphene when converted into nanoribbon and nanotubes will replace silicon as semiconducting material.
- 71. Due to its high electronic quality, graphene has also attracted the interest of technologists who see it as a way of constructing ballistic transistors. Graphene exhibits a pronounced response to perpendicular external electric fields, allowing one to build FETs.
- 72. Graphene has excellent properties to be a vital component of integrated circuits
- 73. Graphene transistors are conceivable and are ready to replace silicon transistors
- 74. In 2009 researchers demonstrated four different types of logic gates, each consisting of a single graphene transistor
- 75. It is capable of taking an incoming electrical signal of a certain frequency and an producing output signal that is a multiple of that frequency
- 76. A recent publication has described a process for producing gram-quantities of graphene, by the reduction of ethanol by sodium metal, followed by pyrolysis of the ethoxide product, and washing with water to remove sodium salts.POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS OF GRAPHENE Single molecule gas detection
- 77. Graphene-based sensors could sniff out dangerous molecules
- 80. Transparent conducting electrodes
- 81. Solar cells
- 82. Anti-bacterial
- 84. Nanogapsin graphene sheets may potentially provide a new technique for rapid DNA sequencing.Escherichia coli
- 85. MAJESTIC FUTUREAdvancements in touch screensIt is practically transparent and a good conductorStiffer-stronger-lighter plasticsWhen mixed into plastics, graphene can turn them into conductors of electricity
- 86. In the future, satellites, airplanes, and cars could be manufactured out of the new composite materials.The fastest growing problem facing chip engineers today can be solved
- 87. Graphene at its bestBetter sports equipment
- 89. Embedding the material in plastics to enable them to conduct electricity
- 90. Increasing the efficiency of electric batteries by use of graphene powder
- 91. Optoelectronics
- 92. Leak-tight, plastic containers that keep food fresh for weeks
- 93. Transparent conductive coatings for solar cells and displays
- 94. Super capacitors
- 95. Improved conductivity of materials
- 96. High-power high frequency electronic devices
- 97. Replacing silicon in transistors
- 99. Graphenenanoribbons could be a way to construct ballistic transistorsTHANK YOU !!!