Applications Of Wireless Sensor Networks
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The document summarizes key aspects of wireless sensor networks and their applications. It discusses how wireless sensor networks are used to collect various data from different locations for monitoring purposes. It also describes how the hardware requirements of sensor nodes, such as being robust and having sufficient storage and communication capabilities while using limited power, have led to the development of specialized sensor nodes like the Berkeley Mote family. Finally, it provides an overview of potential applications of wireless sensor networks in areas like structural health and habitat monitoring.
Applications Of Wireless Sensor Networks
- 1. 1076 Copyright © 2010, IGI Global. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited. Chapter 46 Applications of Wireless Sensor Networks Corinna Schmitt Technische Universität München, Germany Georg Carle Technische Universität München, Germany INTRODUCTION The goal of using a wireless sensor network is to collect a variety of data, to store and analyze the data and to provide the information to other devices. Applications can be found in structural health monitoring (e.g. the Golden Gate Bridge Project (Kim2006)) or in habitat monitoring (e.g. monitoring animal behavior). Other applications for wireless sensor networks are traffic monitoring, industrial automation, and battlefield surveillance (Ilyas2004, Karl2005, Tavares2008). Becauseofthecharacteristicoftheenvironment smart technologies are very interesting. Different typesofsensorsnodes,alsocalledmotes,havebeen developed in order to meet the varying require- ments. Berkeley Motes (Levis2003, Levis2004, ABSTRACT Today the researchers want to collect as much data as possible from different locations for monitoring reasons. In this context large-scale wireless sensor networks are becoming an active topic of research (Kahn1999). Because of the different locations and environments in which these sensor networks can be used, specific requirements for the hardware apply. The hardware of the sensor nodes must be robust, provide sufficient storage and communication capabilities, and get along with limited power resources. Sensor nodes such as the Berkeley-Mote Family (Polastre2006, Schmitt2006) are capable of meeting these requirements. These sensor nodes are small and light devices with radio communication and the capability for collecting sensor data. In this chapter the authors review the key elements for sensor networks and give an overview on possible applications in the field of monitoring. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-61520-686-5.ch046
- 2. 1077 Applications of Wireless Sensor Networks Schmitt2006) have become highly popular be- cause they allow quick development, are of small size and support different sensors. The remaining part of the chapter is structured as follows. In section 1 a brief overview of the history of sensor networks is given. In section 2 the theoretical background together with the limitationofwirelesssensornetworksisdescribed and the common Berkeley Motes are character- ized. In the third section different approaches corresponding to structural health and habitat monitoring using wireless sensor networks are presented. Finally future trends are mentioned and a summary is given. BACkGROUND In this section the corresponding keywords in the field of wireless sensor networks are mentioned which will be characterized in more detail in section two. Today the industrial production is able to pro- duce very small mobile devices (Warneke2001). Two sorts can be distinguished: very small, spe- cialized nodes, and larger nodes with commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components. Anembeddedsystemisaspecializedcomputer whichisusedfordevicecontrol(e.g.cars,mobiles, hand-held-units, washing machine). Typically, the end user has no control over it because the device is hidden. Embedded systems and highly embedded systems can be differentiated. Highly embedded systems would be particularly small, resulting in highly limited resources. This implies the use of sophisticated hardware, in combination with the use of suitable, special operating systems. Data can be collected by a variety of sensors. After collection, this data has to be transmitted to other nodes.Thus,wirelesssensorsystemshavetosup- port highly developed communication. Wireless sensor nodes have their own energy supply provided by batteries or solar cells. Some sensornodeshaveprocessorsthatallowtoprocess data before passing it on. Different technolo- gies for wireless transmission are used such as infrared or radio frequency technology. A sensor Figure 1. Information flow from WSN up to a user Figure 2. Components of a sensor node
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