Approaches IN Communication and kind of different approaches
- 1. Communicative Approach . highlights the importance of real communication for learning to take place. . does not focus on the acquisition of grammar and vocabulary, . aims at developing the learner’s competence to communicate in the target language (communicative competence), . enhances focus on real-life situations. “Communicating meaning is the main goal in CLT, and language is seen as a tool for learners to reach this aim”.
- 2. Lexical approach Language is made up of lexical units rather than grammatical structures. The units are words, chunks formed by collocations, and fixed phrases. 'Lexical chunk' is an umbrella term which includes all the other terms. “Lexical chunk is any pair or group of words which are commonly found together, or in close proximity”.
- 3. PPP Teaching Method Teaching process in three stages: - Presentation.- of an aspect of language in a context that students are familiar with. - Practice.- students practice the new aspect of language receiving limited and appropriate assistance from the teacher. - Production.- the students are able to use the new aspect of language in context, with as little help as posible. It consists of 3 stages that most people who have learnt how to do anything will be familiar with.
- 4. Test – Teach - Test * First learners complete a task or activity without help from the teacher. * Then, based on the problems seen, the teacher plans and presents the target language. * Finally the learners do another task to practise the new language.
- 5. Guided discovery - Also known as an inductive approach. - The teacher provides examples of a language item and helps the learners to find the rules themselves. It encourages independence, makes learning more memorable, and if analysis is done in groups, it is a meaningful communicative task.
- 6. Grammar Translation Method - derived from the classical method of teaching Greek and Latin. - students learn grammatical rules and then apply those rules by translating sentences between the target language and the native language.
- 7. Task-based learning Approach * Students solve tasks that are relevant and interesting to them. * They need to use the target language they're learning to communicate with their peers and solve the task. * They use authentic language instead of answering grammar or vocabulary questions about the language.
- 8. Total Physical Response Language and vocabulary are taught by using physical movement to react to verbal input. Mimics the way that infants learn their first language. Reduces student inhibitions and lowers stress. Parents have 'language-body conversations' with their babies. They instruct and the child responds physically. The child takes in all of the language; the sounds and the patterns. . Eventually when it has decoded enough, the child reproduces the language spontaneously.