Appropriate building technology lecture and note
- 1. Appropriate Architecture and Sustainability L e c t u r e 2
- 2. Content • Appropriate Architecture • Sustainability and Green building • Sustainable design • Sustainable design strategies • Green buildings • Building performance evaluation tool
- 3. Appropriate Architecture • The term ‘Appropriate Architecture' is used for the integration into construction of all the separate technologies and disciplines involved in the research and promotion of sustainable solutions. 'Green Architecture' is another name used for this approach. • Green design is an element of sustainable design.
- 4. Sustainability? • Sustainability means meeting our own needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. • In addition to natural resources, we also need social and economic resources. Sustainability is not just environmentalism. Embedded in most definitions of sustainability we also find concerns for social equity and economic development.
- 5. Sustainable Development • "Sustainable Development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.“ World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED): Our Common Future
- 6. Origin of the concept The concept of sustainable development emerged from a long series of reports, documents and international meetings ranging from; • United Nation Conference on the human environment Stockholm, Sweden (June, 1972) : UNEP established (June,1972) • UN conference on environment and development (the earth summit) Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 1992 • World summit on sustainable development - Johannesburg, South Africa -2002
- 7. Sustainable development is a very complex concept involving several interrelated issues. Social equity Economic efficiency Environmental responsibility
- 8. Community Economy Environment Design and plan the connections, a human ecology – they are complimentary
- 9. Sustainable design • Sustainable design add to quality of the environment, to clean air, to water, to renewing and protecting life all by designing the connections to what is there.
- 10. Sustainable design strategies: Mitigation and adaptation strategies • Mitigation design strategies: reduce the hazard (reduce GHG emissions from buildings and use of natural resources in building construction) • Adaptation design strategies: building resilience into communities and buildings
- 11. Green Building? • A ‘green’ building is a building that, in its design, construction or operation, reduces or eliminates negative impacts, and can create positive impacts, on our climate and natural environment.
- 12. Robert and Brenda Vale: • “that a green approach to the built environment involves a holistic approach to the design of buildings; that all the resources that go into a building, be they materials, fuels or the contribution of the users need to be considered if a sustainable architecture is to be produced.” Sim Van Der Ryn and Stuart Cowan: • “we must infuse the design of products, buildings and landscapes with a rich and detailed understanding of ecology.”
- 13. Building Services Research and Information Association (BSRIA) • “the creation and responsible management of a healthy built environment based on resource efficient and ecological principles”.
- 14. Fundamental Principles of Green Building 1. Sustainable Site Design 2. Safe guarding water and water efficiency. 3. Energy efficiency and renewable energy. 4. Conservation of materials and resources. 5. Indoor Environmental Quality
- 15. Sustainable site Indoor environmental quality Water efficiency Material and resource Energy efficiency Green Building
- 16. 1. Promote Selection of Appropriate Sites and Environmentally Sustainable Site Development Locate projects on sites away from wetlands, away from prime agricultural land and away from endangered or threatened species habitat. Locate projects on sites where there is already urban infrastructure to serve them. Locate projects on brownfield sites that have been remediated of contamination ,these usually have infrastructure already in place.
- 17. Provide opportunities and building infrastructure for people to commute to work using public transit and bicycles. Minimize parking to discourage excessive auto use. Provide low-emission vehicles and car-sharing arrangements to reduce gasoline use. Protect open space in site development and restore open space on already impacted sites. Cont.
- 18. Manage storm water to reduce the rate and quantity of storm water runoff, and use best practices to clean storm water before it leaves the site Manage landscaping and parking lots to reduce excessive areas of open pavement that cause heating of the area around a building in summer, leading to more air-conditioning use. Control interior and exterior light from leaving the site, helping to make skies darker at night. Cont.
- 19. The international library of children literature Tddo Ando Architect and association
- 20. Salesian boy’s home/school Sakakura associates
- 21. Katta public general hospital
- 22. 2. Promote Efficient Use of Water Resources • Control irrigation water use for landscaping, using as little as possible. Select native landscaping which demands little or no added water. • Look for alternative ways to reduce sewage flows from the project, possibly even treating the wastewater onsite. • Use water-conserving fixtures inside the building, to reduce overall water demand.
- 23. Pavilion of 21st century
- 24. 3. Conserve Energy, Use Renewable Energy and Protect Atmospheric Resources • Reduce the energy use (and environmental impact) of buildings 20% or more below the level of a standard building. • Use onsite renewable energy to supply a portion of the building’s electrical and gas (thermal energy) needs, using solar photovoltaic (PV) panels or solar water heating.
- 25. • Commission the building by verifying the functional performance of all energy-using systems after they are installed but before the building is occupied. • Reduce the use of ozone-harming and global-warming chemicals in building refrigeration and air-conditioning systems. • Provide a means to troubleshoot the building’s energy use on a continuing basis by installing measuring and monitoring devices. • Supply 35% or more of the building’s electrical supply with purchased green power from on site installations, typically from wind farms. Cont.
- 27. 4. Conserve Building Materials, Reduce Construction Waste and Sensibly Use Natural Resources • Install permanent locations for recycling bins to encourage the practice in building operations. • Reuse existing buildings, including interior and exterior materials, to reduce the energy use and environmental impacts associated with producing new building materials.
- 28. • Reduce construction waste disposal by 50% or more to cut costs and reduce land fill use. • Use salvaged and reclaimed building materials such as decorative brick and wood timbers that are still structurally sound. • Use recycled-content building materials that are made from “down cycled” materials such as recycled concrete, dry wall, fly ash from core fired plants and newspapers. Cont.
- 29. • Use materials that are harvested and processed in the region, within 500 miles, to cut the transportation impacts associated with bringing them from farther away. • Use rapidly renewable materials that have a ten-year regeneration time or less, such as bamboo, cork, linoleum, wheat board or strawboard cabinetry. Cont.
- 30. Adobe Repository for Buddha statue
- 31. 5. Protect and Enhance Indoor Environmental Quality • Provide non-smoking buildings, or separate ventilation systems where smoking is allowed (such as in high-rise housing). • Use low-emitting materials in the building to reduce sources of future contamination, including off-gassing from paints and coatings, adhesives and sealants, carpets and backing and composite (or engineered) wood or agro fiber products.
- 33. THE BENEFITS OF GREEN BUILDINGS • Green, high-performance buildings deliver measurable and significant environmental and fiscal benefits. When compared to structures built to conventional construction methods, green buildings: • consume 26% less energy • account for 33% fewer greenhouse gas emissions • require 13% lower maintenance costs • yield 27% higher occupant satisfaction
- 34. Green building performance goals • Net zero buildings • Carbon neutral buildings • Life cycle assessment • Regenerative design • High performance building skin
- 35. BUILDING PERFORMANCE EVALUATION TOOLS (Sustainable Building Rating Systems) • Leadership in energy and environmental development (LEED) USA, • BREEAM (UK), • BCA Green Mark (Singapore), • CASBEE (Japan), • Green Globes (Canada), • Passivhaus (Germany), • Green Star (Australia), • Estidama (Middle-East) and others…..
- 37. Sanata Monica civic center parking Moore ruble yudell architects & planners
- 38. Sanata Monica Public Library Moore ruble yudell architects & planners
- 39. Philadeliphia’s comcast center Gold LEED Certified building
- 40. The Heatrst Tower in New York Gold LEED Certified building with over 90% of the structural steel used containing recycle materials