AQUA-SWIFT SOLUTION-TECHNICAL PROPOSAL 001

AQUA SWIFT SOLUTIONS PROJECT
TECHNICAL PROPOSAL
JUNE 2015

AQUA SWIFT SOLUTION - TECHNICAL PROPOSAL
© 2015 Aptus International Engineering – Aqua Swift Solutions Technical Proposal 2015
1/475 Maalim Juma rd. off Denis Pritt, Tel: +254 (0) 20 88 90 084 / 5, P.O. Box: 52638-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
Email: info@aptusafrica.com www.aptusafrica.com

2

Contents

INTRODUCTION
.................................................................................................................................
3

CONCEPT
............................................................................................................................................
5

Water
Sourcing
..................................................................................................................................
5

Rubber
Dam
.......................................................................................................................................
6

Rubber
Dam
Application
....................................................................................................................
6

Hydraulic
Elevator
Dam
(HEV)
...........................................................................................................
8

Pumping
...........................................................................................................................................
10

How
Super
Power
Pump
works.
......................................................................................................
10

The
Salient
Features
of
the
SP
Pump:
..............................................................................................
11

The
SP
Pump’s
high
technology
also
enhances
high
efficiency
in:
..................................................
11

Advantages
of
the
SP
Pump:
............................................................................................................
11

Evolution
of
the
SP
Pump
................................................................................................................
12

Comparison
Between
Conventional
Electromechanical
and
SP
Pump
............................................
12

Application
Sectors
and
Prospects
..................................................................................................
14

Pump
Selection
................................................................................................................................
14

Water
Supply
Capacity
of
SP
Pump
.................................................................................................
14

Installation
&
Configuration
............................................................................................................
18

Installation
of
Two
or
More
Super
Power
Pumps
............................................................................
19

Water
treatment
.............................................................................................................................
25

Water
storage
..................................................................................................................................
27

Water
supply
...................................................................................................................................
27

INSTALLATION
OF
THE
AQUA
SWIFT
SOLUTION
PROJECT
...............................................................
28

CONCLUSION
...................................................................................................................................
30


3

INTRODUCTION

There
are
two
calamities
that
have
continuously
haunted
Africa
since
its
formation:
flooding
and

scarcity
of
water.
As
though
to
play
a
mockery,
nature
supplies
most
parts
of
our
continent
with

abundant
rainfall
flooding
our
city
streets,
bursting
river
banks
and
drenching
our
farms
then
a

subsequent
dry
period
ensues
leaving
us
with
no
sufficient
supply
of
water
for
farming
and
domestic

use.

This
has
adversely
impacted
our
socio-‐economic
status
as
most
of
Africa’s
economies
rely
on

Agriculture
as
their
main
GDP
earner.
Scarcity
of
water
has
also
served
as
a
hindrance
to

development
of
various
sectors
including
education
and
has
been
source
of
conflict
as
communities

scramble
for
this
apparently
scarce
resource.

We
at
Aptus
International
Engineering
Co.
Ltd
recognized
this
twin-‐crisis
and
sought
to
find
a
lasting

simultaneous
solution.
We
presented
the
status
of
water
supply
in
Kenya
to
experienced
personnel

in
different
fields
in
world
renowned
research
stations
and
engineering
firms
and
asked
them
to
use

the
country
as
a
case
study
for
their
research.
All
of
their
report
statements
seemed
to
agree.
They

read:

“Rainfall
is
seasonal.
This
means
if
one
were
to
rely
on
it
only
as
a
source
of

water,
they
would
have
to
do
sufficient
collection
and
storage
of
rainwater
so
as

to
use
it
during
the
dry
season.
This
however
rarely
happens
and
rainwater
flows

freely
to
waste
landing
us
in
serious
water
crisis.

Today,
over
one
billion
people
in
developing
countries
do
not
have
regular
access

to
any
water
and
millions
more
do
not
have
access
to
clean,
safe
drinking
water.

This
not
only
impacts
the
livelihoods
of
the
people
but
also
hinders
economic

development,
as
millions
of
dollars
are
lost
in
healthcare
costs,
productivity
loss

and
premature
deaths
of
humans
and
livestock
amongst
other
effects.
“LACK
OF

ELECTRICITY
TO
pump
water
to
storage
towers
is
the
main
hindrance
to

sufficient
supply
of
water
in
the
country.”

Subsequently,
we
challenged
the
same
experts
to
solve
this
problem
by
inventing
a
pump
that

required
no
electrical
force
to
operate.
The
process
that
started
with
the
phrase
“It
is
impossible”

has
borne
fruits.

We
are
pleased
to
present
to
you,
‘THE
AQUA-‐SWIFT
SOLUTION’;
the
technology
that
seeks
to
solve

the
twin
crisis
that
necessitated
this
research.
This
solution
shall
solve
flooding
problems
while

providing
water
supply
all-‐year-‐round
to
areas
away
from
the
point
of
water
source.

It
involves
the
use
of
a
pump
dubbed
‘SUPER
POWER
PUMP’
that
neither
requires
a
fueled
engine

nor
electricity
to
run.
Accordingly
its
operation
cost
is
zero.
This
is
the
solution
to
the
main
hindrance

(lack
of
electricity)
to
hydro
efficiency
as
identified
by
all
our
researchers.

In
this
document,
the
four
parts
of
Aqua-‐Swift
Solution
have
been
explained
in
detail
individually
and

how
they
are
combined
to
collect
water
and
deliver
it
for
use
at
home
or
in
the
farms.

Aptus
hopes
to
partner
with
as
many
governments,
non-‐governmental
organizations,
companies
and

individuals
to
supply
this
solution
to
as
many
people
as
may
need
it.
We
welcome
more
ideas,

counsel
and
partnerships
towards
the
application
of
this
newly
found
knowledge.


4

THANK
YOU.


5

CONCEPT

AQUA
SWIFT
SOLUTION’s
efficiency
is
realized
in
a
four
(4)-‐stage
process.

1. Water
sourcing.

2. Pumping.

3. Water
storage.

4. Water
supply.
(Irrigation,
treatment
and
supply).

Water
Sourcing

In
most
parts
of
Africa
we
have
abundant
water
resources
from
both
natural
and
artificial
means.

Natural
resources
include
geological
catchment
areas,
lakes,
rivers,
seas
and
rain
while
dams,
ponds

and
underground
tanks
(collection
points)
are
artificially
constructed
for
water
collection.

The
co-‐relation
of
natural
and
artificial
water
resources
is
inevitable
if
an
all-‐year-‐round
supply
of

water
is
required.
The
natural
water
resources
may
supply
immense
amounts
of
water
during
the

wet
season
but
narrow
down
and
supply
relatively
lower
amounts
of
water
during
the
dry
season.

As
such
we
must
ensure
sufficient
collection
of
water
from
natural
sources
using
artificial
means
eg:

dams,
ponds
and
underground
tanks.
These
means
also
may
act
as
methods
of
flood
control
as
they

provide
storage
for
water
from
rainstorms
and
burst
rivers
that
may
otherwise
cause
flooding.
This
is

where
the
adverse
effects
of
flooding
are
prevented
in
this
solution.
Our
research
team
recommends
the
following
methods
of
water
collection.

1. Rubber
dams.

2. Hydraulic
elevator
dams.


6

Rubber
Dam

Rubber
dam
is
a
new
type
of
hydraulic
structure
made
of
high-‐strength
fabric
with
rubber
lining

forming
a
cylindrical
bag
that
is
anchored
on
the
base/floor
of
the
dam.
The
rubber
dam
is
used
for

water
retention,
which
is
done
by
filling
water
or
air
into
the
dam
bag,
and
for
flood
release
by

emptying
water
or
air
from
the
dam
bag.

A
rubber
dam
with
spans
on
overflow
weir
of
a
hydropower
station

The
ruber
dam
may
either
be
used
with
or
without
electricity
depending
on
whether
the
user
would

like
to
regulate
the
content
(air/water)
in
the
rubber
dam
bag.
If
there
is
no
regulation
required,
the

content
in
the
rubber
dam
bag
may
stay
intact
since
instalation
for
as
long
as
required.

If
regulation
is
required
the
rubber
dam
bag
has
to
be
connected
to
a
power
source.
However

electricity
is
only
used
during
filling
of
the
rubber
dam
bag.
Content
can
be
released
freely
without

the
use
of
electricity.

Rubber
Dam
Application

Rubber
dams
have
a
wide
prospect
in
the
world
since
they
can
be
used
especially
for
irrigation,

hydropower
generation,
environmental
improvement
and
recreation
purpose.
Rubber
dams
are
also

known
to
have
beneficial
impact
on
the
environment
and
ecology.


7

Advantages
of
Rubber
Dam

• Saves
huge
amount
of
costs
as
use
of
steel,
cement,
timber
and
other
construction
materials

is
limited.
The
total
investment
cost
is
30-‐40%
lower
than
that
of
conventional
gated

regulating
structures.

• Rubber
dams
also
have
lower
operation
and
maintenance
cost
as
compared
to
other

methods
of
water
sourcing.

• The
dam
body
can
be
fully
deflated
to
lower
it
to
flat
level
on
base
floors
so
that
flood
flows

passes
without
any
obstruction
unlike
other
dam
types.

• Rubber
dam
bags
can
go
as
long
as
100
meters
without
dividing
piers.
This
provides
full
width

of
the
active
cross-‐section
ina
river
channel
when
releasing
floods
and
reduces
the
risk
of
the

tube
ripping
apart.

• The
load
of
dam
body
is
evenly
distributed
on
foundation.
This
lessens
treatment
of

foundations
oil
to
bare
minimum
or
none
in
some
cases.

• Construction
and
installation
are
quicker
compared
to
conventional
gated
regulating

structures.

• Rubber
dam
can
adapt
to
differential
settlement
of
foundation.

Installation,
Operation
and
Maintenance
Costs

Rubber
dam’s
exact
installation,
operation
and
maintenance
costs
may
vary
depending
on
users’

requirements
and
physical
nature
of
the
proposed
site.
As
such,
a
study
specific
to
the
proposed
site

must
be
carried
out
in
order
to
advice
the
user
on
the
appropriate
size
and
type
that
shall
deliver
the

required
results.
However,
the
cost
of
installing
a
rubber
dam
on
a
site
that
shall
require
minimal
or

no
earth
works
is
$100’000-‐
1’000’000
depending
on
size
and
type
of
dam
bag
used.
The
operation

and
maintenance
costs
shall
also
be
determined
on
case-‐by-‐case
basis
but
may
not
exceed
$300
per

month.


8

Hydraulic
Elevator
Dam
(HEV)

As
the
name
suggests,
this
type
of
dam
operates
using
hydraulic
rod
connected
to
spindle-‐hinge

shaped
gates.
The
hydraulic
rod
conducts
elavation
and
lowering
of
the
gates
as
required.

This
dam
is
an
innovative
achievement
in
water
conservancy
science
and
technology.


9

Advantages
of
HEV.

• Provides
for
rapid
elevating
and
lowering
of
gates
thus
increasing
efficiency.

• Helps
in
ecological
enviromental
protection

• Provides
for
safe
flood
control
as
the
gates
are
highly
reliable
and
cannot
give
to
hydraulic

pressure.

• The
comprehensive
cost
is
also
low
cosidering
the
realised
efficiency.

Installation,
Operation
and
Maintenance
Costs

Hydraulic
elevator
dam’s
exact
installation,
operation
and
maintenance
costs
may
vary
depending
on

users’
requirements
and
physical
nature
of
the
proposed
site.
As
such,
a
study
specific
to
the

proposed
site
must
be
carried
out
in
order
to
advice
the
user
on
the
appropriate
size
and
type
that

shall
deliver
the
required
results.
However,
the
cost
of
installing
a
rubber
dam
on
a
site
that
shall

require
minimal
or
no
earth
works
is
$1’000’000-‐
10’000’000
depending
on
size
and
type
dam
gate

used.
The
operation
and
maintenance
costs
shall
also
be
determined
on
case-‐by-‐case
basis
but
may

not
exceed
$1000
per
month.


10

Pumping

In
order
for
water
to
be
used
on
the
ground,
it
requires
to
come
from
a
relatively
higher
point.

A
gadget
(pump)
is
therefore
installed
to
assist
in
lifting
of
the
water
from
the
collection
points

to
the
water
storage
towers
that
are
built
relatively
on
a
higher
point
so
as
to
enable
supply
via

for
use
using
gravitational
force.

Aqua-‐Swift
Solution
researchers
arrived
at
LACK
OF
ELECTRICITY
as
the
main
hindrance
to

pumping
water
since
most
efficient
pumps
available
in
the
market
require
electrical
force
to

run.
In
Africa,
electricity
is
scarce
and
very
expensive
where
present.
It
therefore
would
mean

that
without
the
provision
of
cheap
means
to
electricity
or
the
invention
of
an
efficient
non-‐
electric
pump,
the
Aqua-‐Swift
Solution
would
be
incapacitated
at
this
stage.

We
are
glad
to
report
that
our
partners
in
research
have
invented
a
pump
dubbed
‘Super

Power
Pump’
that
is
efficient
and
requires
no
electricity
to
run.
The
pump’s
concept,
efficiency,

advantages
and
disadvantages
are
discussed
herein.

How
Super
Power
Pump
works.

Think
about
how
the
hearts
operates
within
the
body.
It
supplies
blood
to
all
parts
of
the
body

throughout
our
lives
without
us
being
plugged
into
a
power
source.
This
is
where
the
SP
Pump

borrows
its
concept.
It
seeks
utilize
a
super-‐low
water
head
(inlet)
to
internally
generate

enough
hydraulic-‐pressure
and
automatically
pump
fluids
vertically.

The
SP
Pump
surges
pressure,
which
is
produced
by
water
flowing
through
two
check
valves

that
open
and
close
periodically.
Hydraulic
Pressure
is
accumulated
from
the
force
of
the

flowing
water
at
the
first
check
valve
at
the
inlet.
After
the
pressure
has
built
up,
the
second

check
valve
at
the
outlet
opens
and
releases
the
water
with
pressure
to
pipes
channeling
it
to
a

relatively
higher
outlet.

See
diagram
below.


11

The
Salient
Features
of
the
SP
Pump:

• SP
pump
neither
requires
electricity
nor
fuel
to
operate.

• No
operation
costs
are
incurred
as
the
pump
can
operate
continuously
with
no

supervision.

• SP
Pump’s
inlet
has
to
be
slanted
or
submerged
into
a
flowing
water
source
to
ensure

the
water
flows
into
the
pump
with
high
velocity.
No
supervision
is
required
during

operation.

• The
pump
can
operate
continuously
all
year
round
as
long
as
there
is
water
flowing
at

the
source.

• SP
Pump’s
reliability
is
very
high
since
it
has
only
two
moving
parts;
the
check
valves.
Its

service
life
is
over
100
years
and
other
than
periodic
replacement
of
the
sealing
rings

and
springs
at
the
check
valves,
the
SP
Pump
needs
no
repair.
The
replaceable
parts

can
last
from
three
(3)
to
ten
(10)
years
depending
on
the
quality
of
water
at
the

source.

• The
total
investment
in
setting
up
SP
Pump
is
about
30%
that
of
the
conventional
pump

station
with
the
same
capacity
as
no
pump
station
and
power
supply
facilities
are

required,
as
in
the
latter.

The
SP
Pump’s
high
technology
also
enhances
high
efficiency
in:

• Minimized
noise
level
below
70dB,
satisfying
most
urban
areas’
requirements
on

environmental
conservation.

• Reduced
resistance
and
vibration
that
helps
in
prevention
of
cavity
formation
and
soil

erosion.
A
fixed
guiding
device
is
provided
at
the
bottom
of
the
clack
check
valves
to

decrease
the
effects
from
the
resistance
of
the
pump
during
its
operation.

• A
hydraulic
thrust
device
that
regulates
automatically
the
rubber
seal
at
the
water

discharge
valve
thus
decreasing
the
clack’s
weight
reduces
vibration
of
the
SP
Pump

while
operating.
A
clack
(rubber
seal)
is
provided
at
the
back
of
the
water
discharge

valve
to
mitigate
resistance
and
prevent
the
clack
from
vibrating
as
well.

• At
the
outlet
of
the
water
discharge
valve,
an
energy-‐recycling
device
is
provided
to

reduce
the
velocity
head
loss.

Advantages
of
the
SP
Pump:

• Ensures
the
success
of
the
Aqua-‐Swift
Solution
thus
making
water
accessible
for

community
members
in
areas
where
there
is
lack
electricity.

• Improved
socio-‐economic
standards
by
ensuring
that
water
is
available
for
farming
use

domestic
and
commercial
purposes.

• Reduction
of
the
carbon
footprint
as
the
source
of
power
for
running
the
pump
is

renewable
unlike
that
of
electromagnetic
pump.

• SP
Pump’s
efficiency
also
helps
in
utilizing
super-‐low
water
levels
in
urban
areas
to

provide
water
for
greening,
landscaping
and
firefighting.


12

Evolution
of
the
SP
Pump

In
recent
years,
the
joint
team
consisting
of
Aptus
International
Engineering
Co.
Ltd,
its
partners

and
various
international
institutes
of
water
resources
have
been
devoted
to
the
study
of
the

new
Super
Power
Pump.
Three
kinds
of
the
hydraulic
ram
pump
have
been
developed

autonomously
and
originally:

• Super
power
pump
I

• Super
Power
Pump
II
with
environmental
protection
and
low
noise.

• Super
Power
Pump
with
high
efficiency
and
low
noise.

The
(Super
Power
Pump
with
high
efficiency
and
low
noise)
SP
pump
is
the
most
refined

version
of
our
concept
and
it
delivers
services
as
required
with
the
highest
efficiency.

Comparison
Between
Conventional
Electromechanical
and
SP
Pump

Aspect
SP
pump

Electromechanical
water
pump

Application

conditions

1.
Pump
depends
on
the

abundance
of
water
at

source.

2.
Certain
drop
in
height
(H)
at

water
resources
is
required.

0.5m<H<10m.More
than

0.5meters
but
less
than

10meters.
4meters
is
the

best.

1.
Pump
depends
on
the
abundance
of

water
at
source.

2.
No
drop
at
water
resources
is
required.

Super
Power
Pump
I

Super
Power
Pump
II
with
Environmental

Protection
and
Low
Noise

Super
Power
Pump
with
High
Efficiency
and
Low
Noise


13

Operation

and

maintenance

cost

1.
SP
Pump’s
has
a
service
life
of

up
to
100
years.
The
only

replaceable
parts
are
two

rubber
sealing
rings
at
the

check
valves
which
should
be

done
every
5
years.
No
other

parts
in
this
pump
can
break

down.

2.
Neither
fuel
nor
electricity
is

required
thus
it
is
highly

reliable
in
areas
where
there
is

no
presence
of
electricity.

3.
The
pump
can
run
all
year

round
will
minimal
or
no

monitoring
at
all.

4.
SP
Pump
poses
no
risk
of

electrocution
and/or
fires.

1.
The
electromagnetic
pump
has
a
short

service
life
of
not
more
than
5
years.
It

requires
regular
servicing
and

replacement
of
parts
and
can
break

down
easy
when
water
contaminates

the
electrical
parts.

2.
Electricity
is
necessary
for
running
of
this

pump
thus
making
it
costly
to
operate

and
power
outages
render
it
useless.

3.
The
pump
has
to
be
monitored
while
in

operation
and
a
pump
house
is
required

for
its
running.

4.
Electrocution
of
humans
and
livestock

and
eruption
fires
are
some
of
the
risks
a

user
of
this
pump
has
to
run
in
case
of

electrical
faults.

Economic

benefit

SP
Pump
with
inlet
of
caliber
size

500mm,
drop
height
H=3m,
raise

height
h=30m
and
daily
water

supply
capacity
1200m3
would

require
no
running
costs
thus

saving
the
user
over
USD
50,000

per
year.

The
cost
of
the
running
an

electromechanical
pump
is
calculated
as

follows;
Raise
height
h=30m,
daily
water

supply
1200m3
,
USD0.3/m3

for
330
days

per
year.
The
total
cost
of
pumping
water

is
1200×330×0.15=
USD59,400
per
year.

Investment

1.
SP
pump
of
200mm
caliber
size,

with
the
inlet
head
submerged

3m
deep
and
outlet
head
raised

30m
high,
can
supply

190m³(190,000
liters)
of
water

daily,
has
a
unit
price,
USD

120,000;

2.
Little
civil
works,
no
pump

house
and
flood
control
facility

are
required.

3.
No
electromechanical

distribution
equipment
is

required.

4.
The
total
cost
of
installation
of

SP
Pump
is
about
USD
170,000.

1.
An
electromechanical
pump
with
same

water
supply
capacity
costs
about
USD

5,000.

2.
Pump
house
and
complete
flood-‐control

facilities
are
required.
For
supply
190m³

of
water
per
day
these
equipment’s

installation
would
amount
to
USD

200,000

3.Power
transmission
lines
and
auxiliary

transformer
facilities
required
to
supply

and
electricity
would
USD
50,000-‐
100,000
depending
on
distance
from

power
source.

4.
Cumulatively,
the
total
cost
of

installation
of
an
electromagnetic
pump

to
produce
190m³
of
water
daily
would

not
be
below
USD
255,
000.


14

Application
Sectors
and
Prospects

SP
Pumps
are
applied
to
develop
and
utilize,
in
high
efficiency,
the
super-‐low
water
levels

(0.5m<H<10m)
caused
by
the
natural
drop
in
creeks,
overflow
of
weirs
and
dams,
estuaries
of

reclaimed
water,
artificial
drop
of
approach
channel,
ocean
wave,
etc.
Wherever
water
flows

steadily,
the
SP
Pump
works.
Pump
Selection

The
super
power
pump
size
must
be
selected
to
produce
a
required
flow
rate
while
generating

enough
pressure
to
lift
the
water
to
the
desired
elevation.
The
fall
from
the
water
supply

source
to
the
super
power
pump
must
be
at
least
2
feet
and
the
minimum
flow
of
water

needed
is
roughly
1-‐2
gallons
per
minute
(g/m).

Water
Supply
Capacity
of
SP
Pump

The
SP
Pump
has
capacity
to
supply
water
24
hours
a
day.
The
water
discharge
per
day
is

measured
in
meters
cubed
over
diameter
of
inlet
(m3/d,).
Water
supply
also
depends
on
the

velocity
(V)
of
water
at
the
inlet
as
it
directly
impacts
the
opening
and
closing
of
the
inlet
check

valve.
The
higher
the
velocity
the
faster
it
pumps
thus
the
volume
of
water
pumped
in
a
given

period
of
time
is
higher.
During
operation,
the
SP
Pump’s
performance
is
influenced
by
many

factors.

As
such,
The
Bernoulli's
energy
equation
of
the
constant
current
by
fixed
efficiency
cannot
be

relied
on
in
determining
the
water
supply
capacity
of
the
SP
Pump.
The
specific
water
supply

capacity
of
the
SP
Pump
can
only
be
determined
correctly
by
monitoring
various
models
or

prototypes
working
simultaneously
within
similar
conditions.

Aptus
International
Engineering
Company
and
its
partners
jointly
researched
three
kinds
of
SP

Pumps
with
different
in
let
caliber
size
(inlet
diameter)
and
body
size.

They
measure
as
follows:
(see
next
page)

Product
1：caliber
size
100mm:

L W H
=0.6m 0.4m 1.4m；

Product
2：caliber
size
200mm:

L W H=1.9m 1.0m 1.6m；

Product
3：caliber
size
500mm:

L W H=1.8m 1.0m 2.4m.

× × × ×
× × × ×
× × × ×


15

The
water
supply
capacity
of
each
pump,
measured
through
our
model
experiment,
is
listed
in

Table
1-‐3.

Table
1:
SP
Pump
(Caliber
size
100mm)

Q(Influent
flow)

q(Outlet
flow)

d(day)

h(Head)=m(meter)

H(Inlet
Head)=m(meter)

Interpretation
of
Table
1:

Given
that
the
SP
pump’s
inlet
is
installed
1
meter
[height
(H)]
lower
than
the
source
and
has
an

inlet
flow
rate
(Q)
of
164-‐319.7
m3
/d
(meters
cubed
per
day).
It
shall
supply
water
at
a
flow
rate

of
17.2
(meters
cubed
per
day)
to
a
storage
installed
at
10
meters
[height
(h)].

H/m

1
2
3
4
5

(m3
/d)

q(m3
/d)

h(m)

164.2~319.
7

233.3~449.
3

328.3~518.
4

345.6~553.
0

345.6~561.
6

10
17.2
45.8
74.9

20
7.6
21.4
49.3
65.2
73.4

30
4.0
12.0
32.1
45.4
56.0

40
2.4
7.0
25.4
36.7
46.3

50
2.1
3.8
17.1
25.5
35.3

60
1.8
2.0
11.2
19.4
21.7

70
1.3
1.7
8.0
12.7
15.0

80

1.4
6.2
10.1
12.2

90

1.2
4.9
7.5
8.4

100

3.7
4.3
4.7

Q


16

Table
2:
SP
Pump
(Caliber
size
200mm)

Q(Influent
flow)

q(Outlet
flow)

d(day)

h(Head)=m(meter)

H(Inlet
Head)=m(meter)

Interpretation
of
Table
2:

Given
that
the
SP
pump’s
inlet
is
installed
1
meter
[height
(H)]
lower
than
the
source
and
has
an

inlet
flow
rate
(Q)
of
985-‐1918.1
m3
/d
(meters
cubed
per
day).
It
shall
supply
water
at
a
flow

rate
of
103.5
(meters
cubed
per
day)
to
a
storage
installed
at10
meters
[height
(h)].

H(
m)

1
2
3
4
5

(m3
/d)

q(m3
/d)

h
(m)

985.0~1918.
1

1399.7~2695.
7

1969.9~3110.
4

2073.6~3317.
8

2073.6~3369.
6

10
103.5
275.0
449.7

20
45.6
128.5
295.9
391.4
440.3

30
23.9
71.9
192.3
272.2
336.2

40
14.2
41.8
152.3
220.4
277.9

50
12.9
23.1
102.6
153.1
211.7

60
10.6
12.3
67.0
116.5
130.2

70
8.0
10.3
48.1
76.2
90.2

80

8.6
37.0
60.6
73.2

90

7.5
29.3
45.2
50.6

100

22.2
25.8
28.5

Q


17

Table
3:

SP
Pump
(Caliber
size
500mm)

Q(Influent
flow)

q(Water
flow)

d(day)

h(Head)=m(meter)

H(Inlet
Head)=m(meter)

Interpretation
of
Table
3:

Given
that
the
SP
pump’s
inlet
is
installed
1
meter
[height
(H)]
lower
than
the
source
and
has
an

inlet
flow
rate
(Q)
of
6156-‐11988
m3
/d
(meters
cubed
per
day).
It
shall
supply
water
at
a
flow

rate
of
646.8
(meters
cubed
per
day)
to
a
storage
installed
at10
meters
[height
(h)].

H/m

1
2
3
4
5

(m3
/d)

q(m3
/d)

h(m)

6156~1198
8

8748~1684
8

12312~1944
0

12960~2073
6

12960~2106
0

10
646.8
1718.5
2810.6

20
284.9
803.0
1849.7
2446.4
2752.2

30
149.1
449.6
1202.0
1701.5
2101.3

40
88.4
261.3
951.9
1377.6
1736.8

50
80.5
144.2
641.4
957.1
1322.9

60
66.5
76.7
418.7
727.9
813.8

70
49.8
64.7
300.7
476.3
563.4

80

54.0
231.0
378.5
457.4

90

46.7
183.2
282.6
316.0

100

138.9
161.3
178.0

Q


18

Installation
&
Configuration

Matching
Pump
to
Available
Water
Flow

Super
power
pumps
come
in
various
drive
pipe
sizes
from
25mm
to
256
mm
diameters,

delivery
pipe
sizes
from
to
178mm
diameters,
and
drive
water
requirements
of
3
to
1600
liters

per
minute.
Table
1-‐3
can
be
used
as
a
guide
in
matching
new
pump
size
to
available
water

flow.

Foundation

The
super
power
pump
should
be
securely
mounted
on
a
concrete
foundation
using
bolts.

Inlet
water

The
water
should
be
screened
to
prevent
trash
and
fish
from
entering
the
drive
pipe
and

clogging
the
pump.

Drive
Pipe

The
drive
pipe
serves
as
a
connection
between
the
water
source
and
the
super
power
pump.
It

should
have
the
following
features:

• Galvanized
steel
or
at
least
schedule
40
PVC

• Should
be
as
straight
as
possible.
Minimal
bend
and
avoid
use
elbow
joints.

• Should
be
at
least
one
size
larger
than
outlet
pipe.

• Should
be
watertight
and
rigidly
anchored.

• The
inlet
should
be
installed
at
least
one
foot
under
water
in
order
to
avoid
whirlpools

from
forming
and
sucking
air
into
the
SP
Pump.

Recommendations
for
inlet
length
are
based
on
empirical
data.
We
have
found
that
the
output

and
stability
of
a
super
power
pump
installation
depend
on
the
ratio
of
inlet
length
(L)
to

diameter
(D).
We
found
that
super
power
pumps
will
work
satisfactorily
if
L/D
is
between
150

and
1000.

For
example:

To
determine
the
minimum
length
(L)
of
inlet
that
has
a
50mm
diameter
(D):
L/D
=
150,
so
D
x

150
=
L,
or
50mm
X
150
=
7,500mm.

To
determine
the
maximum
length
for
this
same
inlet:
L/D
=1000,
so
D
x
1000
=
L,
or

50mm
x1000
=
50,000mm
(50
meters).

When
the
inlet
length
falls
outside
of
this
range
both
performance
and
stability
are
impaired.

Increasing
the
inlet
length
within
this
range
produces
no
change
in
waste
or
output,
but
it
does

lower
the
beat
frequency
(fewer
beats
per
minute.)
Practical
aspects
such
as
valve
wear,

fatigue
of
pipe
fittings,
and
the
amount
of
noise
generated
all
favor
a
low
beat
frequency,
and

hence
a
longer
inlet
than
the
minimum
is
necessary
for
good
performance.


19

Supply
Pipe

• Is
made
from
any
material
that
will
stand
up
to
the
pressure
exerted
by
the
water
at

source.

• Must
be
at
least
one
size
larger
than
the
drive
pipe.

• It
runs
on
a
straight
incline
where
possible.

• The
top
of
the
supply
pipe
should
be
installed
with
a
screen
that
is
at
least
one
foot

under
water.

Delivery
Pipe

• Is
made
from
any
material
that
will
stand
up
to
the
pressure
of
the
water
leading
to
the

collector
tank.

• Avoid
right-‐angled
elbow
joints
wherever
possible.

• To
avoid
excessive
pressure
losses
due
to
friction,
we
ensure
that
the
diameter
of
the

delivery
pipe
is
large
enough
so
that
the
velocity
of
the
water
running
through
it
does

not
exceed
5
feet
per
second.

Installation
of
Two
or
More
Super
Power
Pumps

Super
power
pumps
are
often
installed
in
groups
if
a
single
pump
does
not
meet
the
water

requirement,
or
if
available
flow
in
the
water
source
varies
during
the
year.
If
two
or
more
rams

are
installed
alongside
each
other,
each
ram
must
have
its
own
drive
pipe,
but
all
of
them
can

pump
into
one
common
delivery
pipe
of
sufficient
size
to
carry
the
water.

See
diagram
below:


20


21


22


23

Installation
Site
of
SP
Pump

Fountain
Landscape
by
SP
Pump


24

Layout
of
SP
Pump
for
Urban
Water
Supply

Layout
of
Installation
of
SP
Pump
for
Irrigation

Installation,
operation
and
maintenance
costs,

The
cost
of
purchasing
of
an
SP
pump
depends
on
sizes
but
is
as
follows:

1. 100mm Caliber SP Pump- $70’000
2. 200mm caliber SP Pump- $120’000
3. 500mm caliber SP Pump- $150’000

Delivery
and
installation
may
attract
a
minimal
fee
not
exceeding
$1’000
depending
on
distance

from
Aptus’
Nairobi
warehouse
and
the
works
involved.


25

Water
treatment

Aptus
and
its
research
partners
have
developed
one
of
the
most
innovative
methods
of
water

treatment
and
packaged
the
whole
system
into
a
shipping
container.
The
containerized
water

treatment
plants
are
offered
in
various
varieties
depending
on
the
required
final
effluent.

Therefore,
a
study
of
the
raw
water
at
the
proposed
site
is
imminent
so
as
to
set
up
the
plant

accordingly.
See
the
diagrams
below
for
illustration.


26

Advantages
of
containerized
water
treatment
plant

• Transportation
is
very
convenient
as
the
whole
system
is
packaged
in
a
standard

container.

• Easy
installation.
Users
only
need
to
connect
the
inlet
and
outlet
to
and
the
equipment

begins
operation.

• Simple
operation.
The
plant
may
be
automatically
operated
and
may
perform
other

special
functions
according
to
user’s
preferences.

• Flexible
operation.
The
plant
may
adapt
to
situation
where
the
water
volume

constantly
fluctuates

• Its
intensive
design
principle
makes
system
configuration
more
efficient.

• The
plant
requires
minimal
monitoring
and
maintenance
i.e.;
regular
visits,
mechanical,

electrical
and
preventive
maintenance

• Saves
in
area
of
operation.

• Simple
control
systems
help
reduce
the
labor
intensity
and
promote
safe
and
reliable

operation.

Installation,
Operation
and
Maintenance
Costs

Containerized
water
treatment
plant’s
exact
installation,
operation
and
maintenance
costs
may

vary
depending
on
the
quality
of
raw
water
and
the
users’
requirements
i.e.
the
required
final

effluent.
As
such,
a
study
specific
to
the
proposed
project
must
be
carried
out
in
order
to
advice

the
user
on
the
appropriate
size
and
type
that
shall
deliver
the
required
results.
However,
the

cost
of
installing
containerized
for
treatment
of
household
wastewater
to
drinkable
effluent
is

$50’000-‐
$500’000
depending
on
size
and
apparatus
combination
comprising
the
plant.
The

operation
and
maintenance
costs
shall
also
be
determined
on
case-‐by-‐case
basis
but
may
not

exceed
$1’000
per
month.


27

Water
storage

Water
from
the
super
power
pump
and
the
water
treatment
plant
can
be
directly
utilized
or

stored.
The
storages
can
be
made
from
plastic,
steel
or
concrete
as
shown
below.
The
size
shall

be
advised
by
the
output
as
required
by
the
user
and
their
costs
are
as
per
market
status
at
the

time
of
installation.

Steel
water
tank

Plastic
water
tanks

Water
supply

Water
is
an
important
aspect
in
the
society
for
maintenance
of
healthy
living
standards
free

from
disease.
Drinkable
water
is
a
daily
necessity
and
its
importance
cannot
be
ignored.
All

through
rainfall,
fresh
water
lakes
and
rivers
are
in
abundance;
our
people
continue
to
suffer

from
lack
of
this
important
resource.
We
continue
to
consume
untreated
water,
which
leads
to

disease,
death
and
huge
expenses
in
medical
care.

WHO
guidelines
recommend
50
to
100
liters
per
person
per
day,
with
an
absolute
minimum
of

20
liters
per
person
per
day
in
emergency
situations.
Below
is
a
description
of
an
appropriate

Aqua
Swift
Solution
set
up
for
1000
families
living
in
either
an
urban
or
a
rural
area.

Kenyan
family’s
average
number
of
people:

Urban:
4

Rural:
6

Daily
water
requirements
per
family:

Urban
4
×50=
200
liters

Rural
6×50=
300
liters

Daily
water
requirement
for
1000
homes:

Urban:
1’000×4×50=
200’000litres
per
day

Rural:
1’000×6×50=
300’000
liters
per
day

Daily
water
capacity
requirement
for
irrigation
of
a
1
acre
farm:
450’000
liters.


28

INSTALLATION
OF
THE
AQUA
SWIFT
SOLUTION
PROJECT

Research
and
design

In
order
to
safely
and
satisfactorily
install
this
project,
either
partly
or
in
full,
it
is
of
vital

importance
for
a
number
of
studies
to
be
carried
out
prior
to
the
actual
installation.
The
studies

recommended
by
Aptus
are
as
follows:

1. Technical
Assessment
Test.

This
is
an
important
study
to
the
project
as
it
advises
on
the
correct
and
suitable
apparatus

based
on
the
budget
and
requirement
of
the
client/user.
A
repost
with
specific
details
on

dimensions,
layout
and
output
efficiency
is
presented
as
a
result
of
the
study.

2. Environmental
and
Social
Impact
Assessment
Test.

The
purpose
an
Environmental
and
Social
Impact
Assessment
test
(ESIA)
is
to
ensure
that

decision
makers
consider
the
impact
of
the
project
on
humans
and
natural
habitat
of
the

area
in
and
around
the
proposed
site.
These
tests
look
to
identify,
predict,
evaluate
and

mitigate
the
biophysical,
social,
and
other
relevant
effects
of
development
proposals
prior

to
major
decisions
being
taken
and
commitments
made.
Since
ESIAs
are
unique,
they
do

not
require
adherence
to
a
predetermined
environmental
outcome.
Therefore,
the
tests

must
be
carried
out
on
a
case-‐by-‐case
basis
and
a
report
specific
to
the
proposed
site

generated
and
must
be
certified
by
relevant
authorities.

3. Economic
Impact
Assessment
Test

This
test
mainly
involves
cost-‐benefit
analysis
of
the
project.
The
project
must
prove
to
be

financially
sound
and
should
pose
a
greater
economic
advantage
to
the
investor/user
as

compared
to
other
projects
offering
similar
results.
The
project
should
economically
benefit

the
investor/user.

Installation
costs

The
exact
installation
and
operational
costs
of
the
Aqua
Swift
Solution
project
may
vary

depending
on
users’
requirements
and
physical
nature
of
the
proposed
site.
As
such,
a
study

specific
to
the
proposed
site
must
be
carried
out
in
order
to
advice
the
user
on
the
appropriate

combination
of
the
Aqua
Swift
Solution
that
shall
deliver
the
required
results.
The
cost
values

given
in
this
document
are
meant
for
estimation
purposes
only
and
cannot
be
used
to
pre-‐
determine
the
final
cost
of
installation.


29

Recommended
apparatus
combination
for
Aqua-‐Swift
Solution

Project
for:

1.
For
1’000
urban
homes

• 400
m3

Dam
(Rubber
dam/
HEV
dam)

• 200
+
100
mm
caliber
SP
Pump

• 500
m3

Water
storage
tank

• 1’000ft
connection
pipes.

2.
For
1000
Rural
homes

• 600
m3

Dam
(Rubber
dam/
HEV
dam)

• 2
x
200
mm
caliber
SP
Pump

• 800
m3

Water
storage
tank

• 1’000ft
connection
pipes.

3.
For
a
100
acre
mixed
farm

• 1’000
m3

Dam
(Rubber
dam/
HEV
dam)

• 500mm
caliber
SP
Pump

• 1’000
m3

Water
storage
tank

• 1’000ft
connection
pipes.


30

CONCLUSION

Aqua
Swift
solution
project
has
undergone
reviews
by
experts
in
hydro-‐engineering,
laboratory

tests,
physical
tests
and
other
relevant
fields
and
has
so
far
been
declared
the
best
solution
as

yet
to
solve
the
twin
calamities
of
flooding
and
water
shortage.

At
Aptus,
we
are
content
that
the
apparatus
and
methodology
provided
by
Aqua
Swift
Solution,

executed
correctly,
shall
satisfactorily
issue
a
solution
to
the
said
calamities.
We
present
this

project
for
use
by
as
many
people
as
may
require
it
for
the
rightful
purpose.

However,
we
acknowledge
that
this
project
shall
need
to
gradually
metamorphose
in
order
to

be
of
better
service
to
users.
We
at
Aptus
therefore
invite
any
ideas
that
may
help
to
make
this

project
more
efficient
and
promise
to
keep
the
project
as
dynamic
as
possible
to
allow
positive

change
to
it.

We
hope
this
project
shall
be
of
service
to
our
society
in
ensuring
flood
control
and
provision
of

sufficient,
clean
water
to
as
many
people
as
possible.

THANK
YOU!


31

AQUA-SWIFT SOLUTION-TECHNICAL PROPOSAL 001

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