Aravind seed-embryo development
- 1. TOPIC: endosperm development SST 201 – PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OFSEED PRODUCTION (1+1) BY M.ARAVIND 2015032002
- 2. Endosperm Endosperm is a tissue produced inside the seeds of most of the flowering plants following fertilization. It surrounds the embryo and provides nutrition in the form of starch, though it can also contain oils and protein. This can make endosperm a source of nutrition in the human diet.
- 3. Endosperm development Endosperm is the nutritive tissue formed as a result of triple fusion in the angiosperms. Endosperm formation starts prior to embryo formation. Reaches its maximum morphological development at physiological maturity Based on the mode of development of endosperms: Nuclear Cellular Helobial
- 4. Nuclear endosperm Primary endosperm nucleus divides repeatedly to form a large number of free nuclei. No cell plate formation takes place at this stage and a central vacuole appears later. It is followed by cell plate formation which is centripetal. It is the most common type of endosperm e.g., Cotton, Maize, Capsella, Coconut (milk), wheat, etc .
- 5. Cellular endosperm Cell wall formation occurs immediately after division Subsequent divisions also accompanied by cell plate formation. As a result, the endosperm becomes cellular from the beginning. Eg: - Balsam, Petunia, barley, grasses, Petunia, Utricularia, Coconut (copra).
- 6. Helobial endosperm Intermediate above two type e.g., members of order helobiales (Monocot) First division is cellular (i.e., wall formation follows the first division) However, inside each of these newly formed cells, free nuclear divisions occur. But finally, the endosperm becomes cellular following the pattern of development of nuclear endosperms.
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