ARCHITECTUREeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
- 1. OBJECTIVES • Understand basic significations of architecture • Familiarize the various types of architectural construction based on the materials used • Understand the types of architecture according to function • Appreciate the historical cultural and social context of architecture
- 3. • ART AND SCIENCE OF DESIGNING AND CONSTRUCTING BUILDINGS BRIDGES AND STRUCTURES TO HELP US MEET OUR PERSONAL AND COMMUNAL NEEDS • AS AN ART ARCHITECTURE AIMS TO SATISFY THE AESTHETIC REQUIREMENTS OF THE BUILDING WITHOUT DISREGARDING THE NEED FOR A SOUND STRUCTURE WITH COMPLETE UTILITIES. DESIGNING A BUILDING IS AN ART THAT IS CONTROLLED BY THE EXACT PRINCIPLES OF SCIENCE ,
- 4. Humans design and construct BUILDINGS Shelter is the most basic reason for BUILDINGS Buildings shelter us at home, at work and at play. Buildings also provide us security – some of the world’s most amazing structures were built to defend against enemies Some of the most impressive buildings provide places for worship – temples, churches, mosques Some buildings are just for showing off – palaces and castles – people with money have always demanded that architecture display their wealth. Today, large corporations, governments, and universities demonstrate their importance by putting IMPRESSIVE BUILDINGS. What makes an outstanding building? The world’s greatest buildings are the ones that distinguished themselves as distinct from all that came before and influential on all that followed.
- 7. ARCHITECTURE IS A CONTINUALLY AN……………………. ART ARCHITECTURE IS THE GREATEST VISIBLE MEANS BY WHICH WE CELEBRATE ONE’S ______AND _______
- 8. ARCHITECTS MUST WORK WITHIN THE LIMITS OF THEIR MATERIALS AND THE TECHNOLOGY OF THE DAY ARCHITECTS MUST WORK WITH OTHER PROFESSIONALS AND WITH CONTRACTORS WHO DESIGN AND INSTALL ELEMENTS OF THE SERVICE SYSTEMS OF THEIR BUILDINGS. THUS AN ARCHITECT IS NOT ONLY AN ARTIST BUT A ____________ OR ____________ BETWEEN THE NEEDS OF THE CLIENTS AND THE PROPERTIES AND AESTHETIC POSSIBILITIES OF THE SITE
- 10. 1. POST AND LINTEL – CONSISTS OF TWO VERTICAL POSTS FOR SUPPORT (POST) AND A HORIZONTAL LINE (LINTEL) EXAMPLES: PREHISTORIC STONEHENGE AND PARTHENON
- 11. 2. THE ARCH – THIS ARCHITETURAL CONSTRUCTION IS DOMINANT IN ROMAN ARCHITECTURE DOMES AND VAULTS ARE EXTENSIONS OF THE PRINCIPLES OF THE ARCH EXAMPLES: AN ARCH OF TRIUMPH AND THE COLOSSEUM
- 12. 3. THE CANTILEVER – ANY STRUCTURAL PART PROJECTING HORIZONTALLY AND ANCHORED AT ONE END ONLY. IT NEEDS A BEAM WITH A GREAT TENSILE STRENGHT. IT IS USED GREATLY IN BUILDINGS WITH STEEL AS MEDIUM. IT IS THE USUAL METHOD EMPLOYED IN CONSTRUCTING SKYCRAPERS
- 14. PLAYS A VITAL ROLE IN CREATING SUSTAINABLE RESILIENT AND LIVABLE CITIES THAT MEET THE NEEDS OF PRESENT AND FUTURE GENERATIONS WHILE PRESERVING AND ENHANCING THE QUALITY OF LIFE FOR ALL RESIDENTS
- 19. ENCOMPASS A WIDE RANGE OF ARTISTIC DISCIPLINES INCLUDING PAINTING AND SCULPTURE. IT PLAYS A CRUCIAL ROLE IN ENHANCING THE AESTHETIC APPEAL AND CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE OF BUILDINGS.
- 22. It is evident in its palaces and temples. The distinguishing characteristics is the Ziggurat or tower built as successive levels.
- 25. Its most characteristic form is found in the temple a low building post-and-lintel construction. There are styles or orders in Greek Architecture
- 30. Rectangular plan with combined post-and-lintel f Greek and Roman ornamentation – revival and fusion of the ancient styles
- 33. International Style – The World of Machines- an attempt to interpret man’s purpose through his building in a style free in relation to change and independent of fix symmetries.
- 35. THE WORLD’S FIRST GREEN BUILDING MADE OF BOTTLES IN TAIWAN This amazing building dubbed the EcoARK, was constructed using a whopping 1.5 million PET bottles to raise awareness about the importance of recycling. The world’s lightest, movable, breathable environmental miracle yet it insists it is strong enough to handle typhoon and earthquake and even fire. Its worth 3 million US dollars, it is constructed based on the three goals: REDUCE, REUSE and RECYCLE.
- 36. “whatever good things we build end up building us” Jim Robin
- 37. THANK YOU
Editor's Notes
- #9: Mediator and compromiser
- #10: PLEASING, PRACTICAL AND COMFORTABLE
- #22: Machu Picchu The ruins of Machu Picchu, an ancient Inca city, are about 80 k (50 mi) northwest of Cuzco, Peru. The site stands on a mountain about 2,400 m (8,000 ft) high in the Andes Mountain Range.
- #23: The
- #24: The pyramid of Pharaoh Cheops at Giza is not only an architectural marvel but also considered as one of the seven wonders of the ancient world.
- #25: The Colosseum in Rome (70-82) is best known for its multilevel system of vaults made of concrete. It is called the Colosseum for a colossal statue of Nero that once stood nearby, but its real name is the Flavian Amphitheater. It was used for staged battles between lions and Christians, among other spectacles, and is one of the most famous pieces of architecture in the world. It is for gladiatorial contests. Roman engineers completed the Pantheon, a temple to all the gods, in ad 128. Its interior was conceived as a single immense space illuminated by a single round opening, called an oculus, at the highest point in the dome. The interior is decorated with colored marble, and lined with pairs of columns and carved figures set into niches in the wall. It suffered damage by fire in 80 and was restored by the emperors Domitian and Trajan
- #28: Architects: Anthemius of Tralles, Isidore of Miletus Location: Istanbul, Turkey Style: Byzantine Materials, Brick, Marble, Stone A former church that was converted into a mosque in 1435 and then into a museum in 1935.
- #29: Notre Dame Cathedral, Paris Notre Dame Cathedral, in Paris, was begun in 1163 and completed for the most part in 1250. It is one of the best-known Gothic cathedrals in the world. The view here is of the south side, overlooking the Seine River, displaying the dramatic flying buttresses and one of the famous rose windows. Although Notre Dame is considered a Gothic structure, it incorporates remnants of the earlier Romanesque style.
- #31: Architects: Michelangelo, della Porta, Bernini, Bramante, Maderno Location: Vatican City, Italy Style: Baroque classical Materials: Stone, marble Saint Peter’s, the principal church of Roman Catholicism, is located in Vatican City, within the city of Rome. In 1506 Pope Julius II commissioned Renaissance architect Donato Bramante to design the basilica. Bramante died before completing the church, which was then worked on by several architects until Florentine artist Michelangelo took over the commission in 1546. Michelangelo simplified and unified the architectural elements of Bramante’s plan for the basilica and designed an enormous ribbed dome. Later architects altered Michelangelo’s plans, especially with the construction of a nave and the addition of a plaza and colonnade by baroque architect Gianlorenzo Bernini.
- #34: The usage of new construction materials (Pre-stressed concrete, hard plastic, structural steel, asbestos, galvanized iron, glass, aluminium, etc.) Hydraulic and steel cable elevators made higher structures possible. Also, escalators are used in lieu of the traditional stairways. The prohibitive cost of land in urban centers brought the introduction of skyscrapers. New methods such as “reinforced concrete”, (a process in which steel rods are added to concrete to give tensile strength), skeleton construction, and cantilever construction were introduced in architectural processes.