Introduction to Architecture
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This document defines architecture and its related terms. It discusses architecture as both a process and product, as well as an art, science, and applied science. It also defines several architectural styles, elements, and aspects of architectural practice. Key terms included modern, postmodern, deconstructivism, international style, brutalism, beams, columns, arches, vaults, and more. Architectural practice aspects covered building codes, drawings, competitions, and project management.
Introduction to Architecture
- 1. Ivy Rose B. Recierdo BSED I-A A R C H I T E C T U R E
- 3. the process and the product of designing and constructing buildings. Architectural works with a certain indefinable combination of design quality and external circumstances may become cultural symbols and / or be considered works of art. ARCHITECTURE
- 4. A general term to describe buildings and other physical structures – although not all buildings are generally considered to be architecture, and infrastructure (bridges, roads etc.) is civil engineering, not architecture.
- 5. The art and science, or the action and process, of designing and constructing buildings. The design activity of the architect, the profession of designing buildings. A building designed by an architect, the end product of architectural design.
- 6. A building whose design transcends mere function, a unifying or coherent form or structure. The expression of thought in building. A group or body of buildings in a particular style. A particular style or way of designing buildings.
- 7. Academic discipline – focused study in one academic field or profession. A discipline incorporates expertise, people, projects, communities, challenges, studies, inquiry, and research areas that are strongly associated with the given discipline. ARCHITECTURE CAN BE DESCRIBED AS ALL OF THE FOLLOWING:
- 8. Buildings – buildings and similar structures, the product of architecture, are referred to as architecture.
- 9. One of the arts – as an art form, architecture is an outlet of human expression, that is usually influenced by culture and which in turn helps to change culture. Architecture is a physical manifestation of the internal human creative impulse.
- 10. o Fine art – in Western European academic traditions, fine art is art developed primarily for aesthetics, distinguishing it from applied art that also has to serve some practical function. The word "fine" here does not so much denote the quality of the artwork in question, but the purity of the discipline according to traditional Western European canons.
- 11. Science – systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. A science is a branch of science, or a discipline of science. It's a way of pursuing knowledge, not only the knowledge itself.
- 12. Applied science – branch of science that applies existing scientific knowledge to develop more practical applications, such as technology or inventions.
- 14. – a specific way of building, characterized by the features that make it notable. A style may include such elements as form, method of construction, materials, and regional character. ARCHITECTURAL STYLES
- 15. – generally characterized by simplification of form and the absence of applied ornament. 1. MODERN ARCHITECTURE
- 16. – has been described as the return of "wit, ornament and reference" to architecture in response to the formalism of the International Style of modernism. 2. POSTMODERN ARCHITECTURE
- 17. – based on the more general theory of deconstruction, a design style characterized by fragmentation, distortion and dislocation of structure and envelope. 3. DECONSTRUCTIVISM
- 18. – the pervasive and often anonymous style of city developments worldwide. 4. INTERNATIONAL STYLE / INTERNATIONAL MODERN
- 19. - the notorious use of raw concrete and massive uncompromising forms, often in the context of public housing projects. 5. BRUTALISM
- 21. Arch – a curved structure, often made up blocks or bricks, spanning across an opening and supporting the weight of structure above. Works by transferring vertical loads into compression forces. There are many arch shapes including semi-circular, segmental, parabolic, pointed (gothic), three-point and flat arches. STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
- 22. Beam – a straight structural member, typically wood or steel, capable of spanning from one support to another and supporting the weight of structure above. Works by resisting bending forces.
- 23. Buttress– a short section of masonry built at right angles to a wall, to resist lateral forces. Cantilever – a projecting structure without visible means of support at the projecting end.
- 24. – a relatively slender structural element, typically circular, square or polygonal in plan, that bears the weight of the structure above. COLUMN OR PILLAR
- 25. - a roof structure, typically hemispherical, constructed in a similar way to an arch. The plan shape may be circular, elliptical or polygonal, and the cross section shape can vary in the same ways as an arch. DOME
- 26. – opening in a wall, typically rectangular, providing means of access, usually with a gate or door to provide security and weather protection. DOORWAY
- 27. – solid base usually below ground, upon which buildings and other structures are built. Works by spreading vertical loads over a sufficient area to ensure the structure will not subside. FOUNDATION OR FOOTING
- 28. - a structural member spanning across the top of an opening. Unlike a beam, a lintel spans a relatively short distance which can be spanned by single block of stone of sufficient depth. Concrete, timber and steel lintels are also used in different types of construction. LINTEL
- 29. - an exterior face of a building, especially the front. PIER (architecture) – loadbearing structure similar to a column, but more massive. FACADE
- 30. - a structure spanning in the same way as a beam, but using materials more efficiently by using triangulation to create a rigid structure. Typically timber or steel, used to support a pitched roof. TRUSS
- 31. – a curved masonry structure spanning in the same way as an arch, forming either a roof or support for a floor above. VAULT (ARCHITECTURE)
- 32. – a linear structure enclosing the exterior of an area or building, or subdividing an internal space. A wall may be loadbearing or non-loadbearing. WALL
- 33. – an opening in a wall, typically rectangular, providing light and ventilation. Usually but not always glazed. WINDOW
- 35. Architectural drawing – or architect's drawing, a technical drawing of a building or building project. Architectural design competition – specialist competition inviting architects to submit design proposals for a project.
- 36. Blueprint – an obsolete paper-based method of reproducing technical drawings producing a distinctive appearance, white lines on a blue background. The word is still in use as a by- word for a design solution ("a blueprint for future developments"). Brief (architecture) – a written statement of a client's requirements for a building project.
- 37. Building code – or building control, a set of rules that specify the minimum acceptable level of safety and environmental performance in building construction. Construction law – a branch of law that deals with matters relating to building construction.
- 38. Cost accounting or cost management– a vital activity in connection with building, generally performed by a specialist quantity surveyor. Construction projects are notoriously subject to cost overruns, caused by changing circumstances or by failure to fully allow for foreseeable costs during budgeting.
- 39. Project management – the process of managing all the activities involved in a construction project, including adherence to the design and local legislation, costs and payment, and verification of project completion.