Aritha
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Aritha, also known as soapnut, consists of dried fruit from the Sapindus trifoliatus or Sapindus mukorossi trees. The trees are cultivated in the sub-Himalayan regions of India and Nepal. Soapnut trees can reach heights of 25 meters tall over 70 years and produce yellow fruit that turns black when ripe containing saponins. The saponins in soapnut, along with sugars and mucilage, give it cleansing and antimicrobial properties making it useful for hair care, treating infections, and other medicinal purposes.
Aritha
- 1. Aritha
- 2. SYNONYM: Ritha, Reetha, Arishta, Dodan, Dodani, Doda, Soapnut B.S.: it consist of dried fruit of Sapindus Trifoliatus (S.I), Sapindus Mukorassi (N.I.) Family: Sapindaceae • Geographical Source: Sub himalayan region, S.I. & N.I.
- 3. Cultivation & Collection: • Propagated by seed. • Grown well in deep loamy soil & need 150 to 200 cm of annual rainfall. • Tree can reach a height of 25 m & a grith of 3 -5 m in nearly 70 years of its existance. • Excellent tree for planting along the road. • Flowring during summer. • Fruit appears in july –aug. & ripens by nov.-dec. • Fruit is collected during winter monhs for seed & sale in markert as soap nut.
- 4. • Morphology: • Leaves: compound, alternate, pinnate, abt. 25 to 30 cm long. Leaflet are eliptic-lance shaped, smooth with tipped points and slightly oblique base. Often found in pairs of 2-3 & are 8-18 cm long and 5 – 7.5 cm wide. Greenish-white flower are terminal with velvaty axis. • Fruit: • Color: yellowish become black after ripening • Odour: pleasant • Taste: sweet then bitter • Shape: globous • Size: 1-2 cm in diameter • Valvaty when young & become hard when maturing. • It has small leathery-skinned drupe containing 1-3 seeds. • Fruit become wrinkled when ripe.
- 5. • CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS: • Fruit contains saponin(10-11.5%), sugure( 10 %) and mucilage. Sapindus saponin is mixture of 6 sapindosides(A,B,C,D, & mukorozi saponin(E1,Y1) like Dioscin, protodiscin, diosgenin, gitogenin, chlorogenin & rusogenin. • Seed contain fatty acid B-sitosterol, starch, sugars (10%), mucilage, protein. • Pericarp contain 2 new triterpenoid saponin emerginatoside-B & C • Use: • mucolytic agent, emetic, contraceptive, tmt of excessive salivation, epelepsy, treat chlorosis. • Anti inflammatory, antimicrobial activity, insecticidal activity • Cosmetic, as a hair tonic. .
- 6. • Substituent & Adultrant: • Sapindus delavayi • Acacia sinuta (Lour.) Merrill • Commercial verities: • Sapindus emerginatus • Sapindus laurifolius • Sapindus delavayi