Arrays

 An array is a collection of data that holds
fixed number of values of same type. float
marks[100].
 The size and type of arrays cannot be
changed after its declaration.
Arrays are of two types:
 One-dimensional rrays
 Multidimensional Arrays

 data_type array_name[array_size]; For
example,
 float mark[5];Here, we declared an
array, mark, of floating-point type and size
5. Meaning, it can hold 5 floating-point
values.

 You can access elements of an array by indices.
 Few key notes:
 Arrays have 0 as the first index not 1. In this
example, mark[0]
 If the size of an array is n, to access the last
element, (n-1) index is used. In this
example, mark[4]
 Suppose the starting address of mark[0] is 2120d.
Then, the next address, a[1], will be 2124d, address
of a[2] will be 2128d and so on. It's because the size
of a float is 4 bytes.

 It's possible to initialize an array during
declaration. For example,
 int mark[5] = {19, 10, 8, 17, 9};
OR
 int mark[] = {19, 10, 8, 17, 9};

 // Program to find the average of n (n < 10) numbers using arrays
 #include <stdio.h>
 int main()
 { int marks[10], i, n, sum = 0, average;
 printf("Enter n: ");
 scanf("%d", &n);
 for(i=0; i<n; ++i)
 { printf("Enter number%d: ",i+1);
 scanf("%d", &marks[i]);
 sum += marks[i]; }
 average = sum/n;
 printf("Average = %d", average);
 return 0;
 }

 Enter n: 5
 Enter number1: 45
 Average = 39

 In C programming, a single array element or
an entire array can be passed to a function.
 This can be done for both one-dimensional
array or a multi-dimensional array.

 void display(int age)
 {
 printf("%d", age);
 }
 int main()
 {
 int ageArray[] = { 2, 3, 4 };
 display(ageArray[2]); //Passing array element ageArray[2]
only.
 return 0;
 }
 Output
 4

 While passing arrays as arguments to the
function, only the name of the array is
passed (,i.e, starting address of memory area
is passed as argument).

 float average(float age[]);
 main()
 { float avg, age[] = { 23.4, 55, 22.6, 3, 40.5, 18 };
 avg = average(age); /* Only name of array is passed
as argument. */
 printf("Average age=%.2f", avg); }
 float average(float age[])
 { int i;
 float avg, sum = 0.0;
 for (i = 0; i < 6; ++i) {
 sum += age[i]; }
 avg = (sum / 6);
 return avg;
 }

 void displayNumbers(int num[2][2]);
 main()
 { int num[2][2], i, j;
 printf("Enter 4 numbers:n");
 for (i = 0; i < 2; ++i)
 for (j = 0; j < 2; ++j)
 scanf("%d", &num[i][j]);
 // passing multi-dimensional array to displayNumbers function
 displayNumbers(num); }
 void displayNumbers(int num[2][2])
 { int i, j;
 printf("Displaying:n");
 for (i = 0; i < 2; ++i)
 for (j = 0; j < 2; ++j)
 printf("%dn", num[i][j]);
 }

 main()
 {
 int mat[4][4],trans[4][4],row,col;
 printf("enter elements od an array");
 filling Matrix
 for(row=0;row<4;row++)
 for(col=0;col<4;col++)
 scanf("%d",&mat[row][col]);

 Converting rows into cols
 trans[col][row]=mat[row][col];


 //displaying original matrix
 printf("original matrix n");
 for(row=0;row<4;row++ )
 { for(col=0;col<4;col++)
 { printf("t %d",mat[row][col]);
 }
 printf("n");
 }
 //displaying transpose matrix
 printf("Transpose matrix n ");
 {
 { printf("t %d",trans[row][col]);
 }
 printf("n") ;
 }
 }

 In C programming, array of characters is
called a string. A string is terminated by a
null character /0. For example:
 char greeting[6] = {'H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', '0'}; OR
 char greeting[] = "Hello";
 When, compiler encounter strings, it appends
a null character /0 at the end of string.

 Using arrays
 char c[] = "abcd";
OR
char c[50] = "abcd";
OR,
char c[] = {'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', '0'};
OR,
char c[5] = {'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', '0'};
 The given string is initialized and stored in
the form of arrays as above.

 Write a C program to illustrate how to read string from terminal.
 int main()
 {
 char name[20];
 printf("Enter name: ");
 scanf("%s", name);
 printf("Your name is %s.", name);
 return 0;
 }
 Output
 Enter name: Dennis Ritchie
 Your name is Dennis.
 Here, program ignores Ritchie because, scanf() function takes
only a single string before the white space, i.e. Dennis.

 Example #2: Using getchar() to read a line of text
 1. C program to read line of text character by character.
 int main()
 { char name[30], ch;
 int i = 0;
 while(ch != 'n') // terminates if user hit enter
 { ch = getchar();
 name[i] = ch;
 i++;
 }
 name[i] = '0'; // inserting null character at end
 printf("Name: %s", name);
 return 0;
 }

 int main()
 { char name[30];
 gets(name); //Function to read string from user.
 printf("Name: ");
 puts(name); //Function to display string.
 return 0;}
 Output
 Enter name: Dennis Ritchie
 Name: Dennis Ritchie

Sr.No. Function & Purpose
1 strcpy(s1, s2);
Copies string s2 into string s1.
2 strcat(s1, s2);
Concatenates string s2 onto the end of string s1.
3 strlen(s1);
Returns the length of string s1.
4 strcmp(s1, s2);
Returns 0 if s1 and s2 are the same; less than 0 if s1<s2; greater than 0 if
s1>s2.
5 strchr(s1, ch);
Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of character ch in string s1.
6 strstr(s1, s2);
Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of string s2 in string s1.

 #include <string.h>
 int main () {
 char str1[12] = "Hello";
 char str2[12] = "World";
 char str3[12];
 int len ;
 /* copy str1 into str3 */
 strcpy(str3, str1);
 printf("strcpy( str3, str1) : %sn", str3 );
 /* concatenates str1 and str2 */
 strcat( str1, str2);
 printf("strcat( str1, str2): %sn", str1 );
 /* total lenghth of str1 after concatenation */
 len = strlen(str1);
 printf("strlen(str1) : %dn", len );
 return 0;

 strcpy( str3, str1) : Hello
 strcat( str1, str2): HelloWorld
 strlen(str1) : 10

Arrays

More Related Content

What's hot (20)

Similar to Arrays (20)

Recently uploaded (20)

Arrays