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The Art & Science of
          Evidence-Based Design
          Prepared for Client
          July 9th, 2009




Friday, January 22, 2010
You asked:


                           How do you bridge art &
                           science to recommend a
                               web site design?




                                                     2

Friday, January 22, 2010
You asked:


                           How do you bridge art &
                           science to recommend a
                               web site design?




                                                     2

Friday, January 22, 2010
Art   Science




                                           3

Friday, January 22, 2010
Art          Science

                      Focus   look and feel   architecture




                                                             3

Friday, January 22, 2010
Art          Science

                      Focus   look and feel   architecture

                 Method         intuition     investigation




                                                              3

Friday, January 22, 2010
Art           Science

                      Focus   look and feel    architecture

                 Method         intuition      investigation

      Validation               subjective     testing, metrics




                                                                 3

Friday, January 22, 2010
Science             Art

                      Focus   look and feel    architecture

                 Method         intuition      investigation

      Validation               subjective     testing, metrics




                                                                 3

Friday, January 22, 2010
Science Art


         Deterministic                   Open-Ended




                                                      4

Friday, January 22, 2010
“ A good experience is rich, something
        worth exploring, telling others about,
        and experiencing again.

           It's overdetermined - or holistic - or
           integrated. And being integrated makes
           it (often) hard to explain, since one
           can't truly reduce an integrated whole
           to a simple cause.”

                            Mark Hurst
                                                    5

Friday, January 22, 2010
Science Art


         Deterministic                   Open-Ended




                                                      6

Friday, January 22, 2010
Science Art


         Deterministic                   Open-Ended




                                                      6

Friday, January 22, 2010
Science Art


         Deterministic      Evidence-based   Open-Ended




                                                          6

Friday, January 22, 2010
Friday, January 22, 2010
Evidence-based medicine

                    “The conscientious, explicit and
                judicious use of current best evidence
                 in making decisions about the care of
                          individual patients”



                                   Sackett et al. 1996

Friday, January 22, 2010
define   design   build




                                                    9

Friday, January 22, 2010
define             design   build




                                            9

Friday, January 22, 2010
Evidence-based design


         define                design   build




                                               9

Friday, January 22, 2010
Evidence-based design


         define                design   build




                                               9

Friday, January 22, 2010
Evidence-based design


         define                design   build




                                               9

Friday, January 22, 2010
Our approach




                                          10

Friday, January 22, 2010
Our approach




                                          10

Friday, January 22, 2010
Our approach




         investigate, explore



                                          10

Friday, January 22, 2010
Our approach




         investigate, explore      prioritize, refine



                                                        10

Friday, January 22, 2010
research          analysis   sketching   IA       concepts   templates   prototypes      code   analytics   A/B testing

            Define                              Design                             Build                Optimize




                                                                                                                       11

Friday, January 22, 2010
research          analysis   sketching   IA       concepts   templates   prototypes      code   analytics   A/B testing

            Define                              Design                             Build                Optimize




     investigate




                                                                                                                       11

Friday, January 22, 2010
research          analysis   sketching   IA       concepts   templates   prototypes      code   analytics   A/B testing

            Define                              Design                             Build                Optimize




     investigate                           experiment, explore




                                                                                                                       11

Friday, January 22, 2010
research          analysis   sketching   IA       concepts   templates   prototypes      code   analytics   A/B testing

            Define                              Design                             Build                Optimize




     investigate                           experiment, explore                                    validate




                                                                                                                       11

Friday, January 22, 2010
thestar.com




                                         12

Friday, January 22, 2010
Design inputs
                                                                   3rd party research:
                           Business requirements             relevant scholarship, Forrester
                            based on stakeholder            reports, professional community,
                                 interviews                client-sponsored studies, analysis


                                                   Brief                 Ongoing collaboration:
               Current architecture,                                    working sessions, reviews
                design, technology
                                                   Site Analytics
                                                                                Demographic,
                                                                              psychographic data
        Heuristic Review
                                             Competitive analysis:
                                        best practices, emerging trends         Anecdotal Evidence
          Design Patterns                 inside, outside and beyond
                                                competitive set




                                                                                                     13

Friday, January 22, 2010
At a minimum, we need:
                                   Demographics, psychographics, behavioural
                                   profiles for target users

                                   Concrete analysis of current experience: what is
                                   and isnʼt working today

                                   Business goals, needs, requirements (functional,
                                   non-functional) + domain knowledge


                   W
                       N
                               E
                                   Competitive landscape: positioning with respect
                           S
                                   to, best practices, recent innovations, trends


                                                                                      14

Friday, January 22, 2010
Inputs become evidence
                      when they are...
                           Durable
                           Actionable
                           Impactful



                                     c.f. Subject to Change
                                                              15

Friday, January 22, 2010
Aggregate, organize, share




                                              16

Friday, January 22, 2010
Find corroborating data


      Decline of daily newspapers




                                                               Rise of the internet




                                    Source: Gallup, Dec 2008
                                                                                      17

Friday, January 22, 2010
Find corroborating data




                Proliferation of blogs                       Proliferation of aggregators
                                         Source: Forrester, June 2008
                                                                                            17

Friday, January 22, 2010
Find corroborating data
                 Carr calls this trend “unbundling”

                  The publisher’s goal [in print] is to make the
                  entire package as attractive as possible to a
                  broad set of readers and advertisers. The
                  newspaper as a whole is what matters, and
                  as a product it’s worth more than the sum of
                  its parts. When a newspaper moves online,
                  the bundle falls apart. Readers don’t flip
                  through a mix of stories, advertisements, and
                  other bits of content. They go directly to a
                  particular story that interests them, often
                  ignoring everything else.


                                       Source: The Big Switch (Carr 2008)
                                                                            17

Friday, January 22, 2010
Find corroborating data
                                              CNN’s Backstory
                           NY Times’ Topics
    Adrian Holovaty’s
    Everyblock.com




                                                                17

Friday, January 22, 2010
Build narratives

                           More templates
                           & more flexible                Make it more
                             templates                   adaptable and
                                                          responsive
                                         Let me create
               editors                  custom content
                                           packages
                                                                    executives


                                        sales


                           What we hear: give us flexibility
                                                                                 18

Friday, January 22, 2010
Create focusers



                           G o rdo n             Ma rc u s

                                       Natalie




                           Personas                                    Design Principles
                Primary, Secondary, Tertiary/Anti             Always be About Now; Own Local; Go
                                                             Beyond the Story; Spark Conversations




                                                                                                     19

Friday, January 22, 2010
Marcus Jawai
                           Tertiary/anti persona

                           Marcus is a single, 29-year-old independent           Recently, he has been noticing a slow-down in
                           clothing store owner and designer living and          business. He’s worried about the economy and
                           working in downtown Toronto.                          has started to pay more attention to business
                                                                                 news online and on TV.
                           Naturally inclined to stay on top of style, he
                           monitors fashion and design blogs for                 Marcus feels that the current political, social
                           inspiration and entertainment. In 2008, Marcus        and technological climate is an exciting time to
                           spent a lot of his time online following the US       be in. Though he faces the stresses of a small
                           Presidential race. Marcus became interested in        business owner, he maintains positive and
                           following the Obama campaign through various          upbeat.
                           media sites, most notably CNN.com



                           Design Implications
                           •   Watch out for Marcus! His eclectic and idiosyncratic online habits make him tough to predict
                               and please.
                           •   Marcus wants to be in control—he uses blogs, aggregators, and other metafilters to source
                               information
                           •   Likes to “snack” on selective information: will impulsively drop into an article and scan for
                               details, then move on
                           •   Marcus will consume content more thoroughly if it appeals directly to his interests (e.g. style
   sa                          blog, special report on economy and small businesses in Toronto)
        m                  •   It’s about serendipity with Marcus, so promoting this becomes key.
            pl             •   Advanced tools (e.g. personalization) aren’t necessarily going to appeal to Marcus.
                 e
                                                                                                                                    20

Friday, January 22, 2010
Design Principles
                 1. Always be about now
                 “No matter where I am in the site, Iʼm always in touch with whatʼs happening right now.”


                 2. Own local
                 “thestar.com is my cityʼs news site. If itʼs happening in the GTA, thereʼs no reason to
                 go anywhere else.”


                 3. Go beyond the story
                 “This site gives me more than just the news. Itʼs constantly wowing me with new ways
                 to see, understand and engage my world.”



                 4. Spark conversations
                 “The Star connects me to my community and interesting people across Canada”
   sa
        m
            pl
                 e
                                                                                                            21

Friday, January 22, 2010
22

Friday, January 22, 2010
Prototype and assess



                                                                                                                                                           1024 PX




       Your Edition: Toronto   change!      -11 C°            Full weather forecast!
                                                              Traf c!
                                                                                          WHEELS   HEALTHZONE    YOUR HOME       PARENTCENTRAL   TORONTO.COM




                                                                                                                                                       Search



       NEWS   OPINION   BUSINESS   SPORTS   ENTERTAINMENT    LIVING    TRAVEL          MEDIA       Autos   Careers Real Estate     Deaths Classi eds | More!


        HOT TOPICS: Budget 2009 York Strike    Flight 1549 Oscars 2009     Turmoil in Sri Lanka | More Topics !



            Current news         Visual news        Most popular               Timeline                                             Last updated 3 minutes ago




         Australian Wild res break out                Maple Leafs practice in High Park                      Oscars 2009




          Toronto Beach Coyote                         Spring break warning issued                                               Advertisement




                                                                                                                                                                     23

Friday, January 22, 2010
Prototype and assess

                           Complex




                                     Critical

                                                24

Friday, January 22, 2010
Prototype and assess



                                             e
                                           yp
                           Complex


                                          t
                                        to
                                     Pro




                                     Critical

                                                 24

Friday, January 22, 2010
Identify gaps




                                 25

Friday, January 22, 2010
Identify gaps




                                 www.imgspark.com
                                                    26

Friday, January 22, 2010
Identify gaps   do A/B testing




                                                  27

Friday, January 22, 2010
Quick recap
                 ‣ Evidence-based design goal: research informs
                   design decisions
                 ‣ Our process funnels research into multiple
                   iterations of exploration and refinement
                 ‣ Inputs becomes evidence when they are
                   durable, actionable and impactful
                 ‣ Prototype and test critical/complex interactions
                 ‣ A/B/multivariate test to optimize


                                                                      28

Friday, January 22, 2010
“ A good experience is rich, something
        worth exploring, telling others about,
        and experiencing again.

           It's overdetermined - or holistic - or
           integrated. And being integrated makes
           it (often) hard to explain, since one
           can't truly reduce an integrated whole
           to a simple cause.”

                            Mark Hurst
                                                    29

Friday, January 22, 2010
Thanks.




Friday, January 22, 2010

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Art vs science[讲述分析和设计流程的ppt]

  • 1. The Art & Science of Evidence-Based Design Prepared for Client July 9th, 2009 Friday, January 22, 2010
  • 2. You asked: How do you bridge art & science to recommend a web site design? 2 Friday, January 22, 2010
  • 3. You asked: How do you bridge art & science to recommend a web site design? 2 Friday, January 22, 2010
  • 4. Art Science 3 Friday, January 22, 2010
  • 5. Art Science Focus look and feel architecture 3 Friday, January 22, 2010
  • 6. Art Science Focus look and feel architecture Method intuition investigation 3 Friday, January 22, 2010
  • 7. Art Science Focus look and feel architecture Method intuition investigation Validation subjective testing, metrics 3 Friday, January 22, 2010
  • 8. Science Art Focus look and feel architecture Method intuition investigation Validation subjective testing, metrics 3 Friday, January 22, 2010
  • 9. Science Art Deterministic Open-Ended 4 Friday, January 22, 2010
  • 10. “ A good experience is rich, something worth exploring, telling others about, and experiencing again. It's overdetermined - or holistic - or integrated. And being integrated makes it (often) hard to explain, since one can't truly reduce an integrated whole to a simple cause.” Mark Hurst 5 Friday, January 22, 2010
  • 11. Science Art Deterministic Open-Ended 6 Friday, January 22, 2010
  • 12. Science Art Deterministic Open-Ended 6 Friday, January 22, 2010
  • 13. Science Art Deterministic Evidence-based Open-Ended 6 Friday, January 22, 2010
  • 15. Evidence-based medicine “The conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients” Sackett et al. 1996 Friday, January 22, 2010
  • 16. define design build 9 Friday, January 22, 2010
  • 17. define design build 9 Friday, January 22, 2010
  • 18. Evidence-based design define design build 9 Friday, January 22, 2010
  • 19. Evidence-based design define design build 9 Friday, January 22, 2010
  • 20. Evidence-based design define design build 9 Friday, January 22, 2010
  • 21. Our approach 10 Friday, January 22, 2010
  • 22. Our approach 10 Friday, January 22, 2010
  • 23. Our approach investigate, explore 10 Friday, January 22, 2010
  • 24. Our approach investigate, explore prioritize, refine 10 Friday, January 22, 2010
  • 25. research analysis sketching IA concepts templates prototypes code analytics A/B testing Define Design Build Optimize 11 Friday, January 22, 2010
  • 26. research analysis sketching IA concepts templates prototypes code analytics A/B testing Define Design Build Optimize investigate 11 Friday, January 22, 2010
  • 27. research analysis sketching IA concepts templates prototypes code analytics A/B testing Define Design Build Optimize investigate experiment, explore 11 Friday, January 22, 2010
  • 28. research analysis sketching IA concepts templates prototypes code analytics A/B testing Define Design Build Optimize investigate experiment, explore validate 11 Friday, January 22, 2010
  • 29. thestar.com 12 Friday, January 22, 2010
  • 30. Design inputs 3rd party research: Business requirements relevant scholarship, Forrester based on stakeholder reports, professional community, interviews client-sponsored studies, analysis Brief Ongoing collaboration: Current architecture, working sessions, reviews design, technology Site Analytics Demographic, psychographic data Heuristic Review Competitive analysis: best practices, emerging trends Anecdotal Evidence Design Patterns inside, outside and beyond competitive set 13 Friday, January 22, 2010
  • 31. At a minimum, we need: Demographics, psychographics, behavioural profiles for target users Concrete analysis of current experience: what is and isnʼt working today Business goals, needs, requirements (functional, non-functional) + domain knowledge W N E Competitive landscape: positioning with respect S to, best practices, recent innovations, trends 14 Friday, January 22, 2010
  • 32. Inputs become evidence when they are... Durable Actionable Impactful c.f. Subject to Change 15 Friday, January 22, 2010
  • 33. Aggregate, organize, share 16 Friday, January 22, 2010
  • 34. Find corroborating data Decline of daily newspapers Rise of the internet Source: Gallup, Dec 2008 17 Friday, January 22, 2010
  • 35. Find corroborating data Proliferation of blogs Proliferation of aggregators Source: Forrester, June 2008 17 Friday, January 22, 2010
  • 36. Find corroborating data Carr calls this trend “unbundling” The publisher’s goal [in print] is to make the entire package as attractive as possible to a broad set of readers and advertisers. The newspaper as a whole is what matters, and as a product it’s worth more than the sum of its parts. When a newspaper moves online, the bundle falls apart. Readers don’t flip through a mix of stories, advertisements, and other bits of content. They go directly to a particular story that interests them, often ignoring everything else. Source: The Big Switch (Carr 2008) 17 Friday, January 22, 2010
  • 37. Find corroborating data CNN’s Backstory NY Times’ Topics Adrian Holovaty’s Everyblock.com 17 Friday, January 22, 2010
  • 38. Build narratives More templates & more flexible Make it more templates adaptable and responsive Let me create editors custom content packages executives sales What we hear: give us flexibility 18 Friday, January 22, 2010
  • 39. Create focusers G o rdo n Ma rc u s Natalie Personas Design Principles Primary, Secondary, Tertiary/Anti Always be About Now; Own Local; Go Beyond the Story; Spark Conversations 19 Friday, January 22, 2010
  • 40. Marcus Jawai Tertiary/anti persona Marcus is a single, 29-year-old independent Recently, he has been noticing a slow-down in clothing store owner and designer living and business. He’s worried about the economy and working in downtown Toronto. has started to pay more attention to business news online and on TV. Naturally inclined to stay on top of style, he monitors fashion and design blogs for Marcus feels that the current political, social inspiration and entertainment. In 2008, Marcus and technological climate is an exciting time to spent a lot of his time online following the US be in. Though he faces the stresses of a small Presidential race. Marcus became interested in business owner, he maintains positive and following the Obama campaign through various upbeat. media sites, most notably CNN.com Design Implications • Watch out for Marcus! His eclectic and idiosyncratic online habits make him tough to predict and please. • Marcus wants to be in control—he uses blogs, aggregators, and other metafilters to source information • Likes to “snack” on selective information: will impulsively drop into an article and scan for details, then move on • Marcus will consume content more thoroughly if it appeals directly to his interests (e.g. style sa blog, special report on economy and small businesses in Toronto) m • It’s about serendipity with Marcus, so promoting this becomes key. pl • Advanced tools (e.g. personalization) aren’t necessarily going to appeal to Marcus. e 20 Friday, January 22, 2010
  • 41. Design Principles 1. Always be about now “No matter where I am in the site, Iʼm always in touch with whatʼs happening right now.” 2. Own local “thestar.com is my cityʼs news site. If itʼs happening in the GTA, thereʼs no reason to go anywhere else.” 3. Go beyond the story “This site gives me more than just the news. Itʼs constantly wowing me with new ways to see, understand and engage my world.” 4. Spark conversations “The Star connects me to my community and interesting people across Canada” sa m pl e 21 Friday, January 22, 2010
  • 43. Prototype and assess 1024 PX Your Edition: Toronto change! -11 C° Full weather forecast! Traf c! WHEELS HEALTHZONE YOUR HOME PARENTCENTRAL TORONTO.COM Search NEWS OPINION BUSINESS SPORTS ENTERTAINMENT LIVING TRAVEL MEDIA Autos Careers Real Estate Deaths Classi eds | More! HOT TOPICS: Budget 2009 York Strike Flight 1549 Oscars 2009 Turmoil in Sri Lanka | More Topics ! Current news Visual news Most popular Timeline Last updated 3 minutes ago Australian Wild res break out Maple Leafs practice in High Park Oscars 2009 Toronto Beach Coyote Spring break warning issued Advertisement 23 Friday, January 22, 2010
  • 44. Prototype and assess Complex Critical 24 Friday, January 22, 2010
  • 45. Prototype and assess e yp Complex t to Pro Critical 24 Friday, January 22, 2010
  • 46. Identify gaps 25 Friday, January 22, 2010
  • 47. Identify gaps www.imgspark.com 26 Friday, January 22, 2010
  • 48. Identify gaps do A/B testing 27 Friday, January 22, 2010
  • 49. Quick recap ‣ Evidence-based design goal: research informs design decisions ‣ Our process funnels research into multiple iterations of exploration and refinement ‣ Inputs becomes evidence when they are durable, actionable and impactful ‣ Prototype and test critical/complex interactions ‣ A/B/multivariate test to optimize 28 Friday, January 22, 2010
  • 50. “ A good experience is rich, something worth exploring, telling others about, and experiencing again. It's overdetermined - or holistic - or integrated. And being integrated makes it (often) hard to explain, since one can't truly reduce an integrated whole to a simple cause.” Mark Hurst 29 Friday, January 22, 2010