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The document explains the concept of articles in English, defining them as words that modify nouns, with 'the' as the definite article and 'a/an' as indefinite articles. It includes rules for their usage, such as the context in which to use each article, differences between specific and non-specific nouns, and exceptions in geographical names. Additionally, it provides examples and guidelines on the use of articles in sentences.
Article-Lec one comes here in this presentation
- 2. Using Articles What is an article? Basically, an article is an adjective. Like adjectives, articles modify nouns. English has two articles: the and a/an. The is used to refer to specific or particular nouns; a/an is used to non-specific or non-particular nouns.We call the, the definite article and a/an the indefinite article.
- 3. the = definite article a/an = indefinite article For example, if I say, "Let's read the book," I mean a specific book. If I say, "Let's read a book," I mean any book rather than a specific book.
- 4. Here's another way to explain it: The is used to refer to a specific or particular member of a group. For example, "I just saw the most popular movie of the year." There are many movies, but only one particular movie is the most popular. Therefore, we use the.
- 5. "A/an" is used to refer to a non-specific or non-particular member of the group. For example, "I would like to go see a movie." Here, we're not talking about a specific movie.We're talking about any movie. There are many movies, and I want to see any movie. I don't have a specific one in mind.
- 6. Let's look at each kind of article a little more closely. Indefinite Articles: a and an "A" and "an" signal that the noun is indefinite, referring to any member of a group. For example: "My daughter really wants a dog for Christmas." This refers to any dog.We don't know which dog because we haven't found the dog yet.
- 7. Remember, using a or an depends on the sound that begins the next word. So... a + singular noun beginning with a consonant: a boy; a car; a bike; a zoo; a dog an + singular noun beginning with a vowel: an elephant; an egg; an apple; an idiot; an orphan
- 8. a + singular noun beginning with a consonant sound: a user (sounds like 'yoo-zer,' i.e. begins with a consonant 'y' sound, so 'a' is used); a university; a unicorn. In some cases where "h" is not pronounced, such as "historical," use an:
- 9. An historical event is worth recording. In writing, "a historical event" is more commonly used.
- 10. Another case where this rule applies is when acronyms start with consonant letters but have vowel sounds: An MSDS (material safety data sheet) was used to record the data.An SPCC plan (Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasures plan) will help us prepare for the worst.
- 11. The choice between a and an depends on the initial sound of the adjective that immediately follows the article: a broken egg an unusual problem a European country (sounds like 'yer-o- pi-an,' i.e. begins with consonant 'y' sound)
- 12. Remember, too, that in English, the indefinite articles are used to indicate membership in a group: I am a teacher. (I am a member of a large group known as teachers.) Brian is an Irishman. (Brian is a member of the people known as Irish.) Seiko is a practicing Buddhist. (Seiko is a member of the group of people known as Buddhists.)
- 13. Definite Article: the The definite article is used before singular and plural nouns when the noun is specific or particular. The signals that the noun is definite, that it refers to a particular member of a group. For example: "The dog that bit me ran away." Here, we're talking about a specific dog, the dog that bit me.
- 14. Count and Non count Nouns The can be used with non count nouns, or the article can be omitted entirely. "I want the inkpot" (some specific inkpot) or "I want an inkpot" (any inkpot).
- 15. "A/an" can be used only with count nouns. "I need a bottle of water." "I need a new glass of milk." Most of the time, you can't say, "She wants a water," unless you're implying, say, a bottle of water.
- 16. Geographical use of the There are some specific rules for using the with geographical nouns. Do not use the before: names of most countries/territories: Italy, Mexico, Pakistan; however, the Netherlands, the Dominican Republic, the United Kingdom, the United States names of cities, towns, or states: Karachi, Mumbai, Lahore names of streets: Washington Blvd., Main St.
- 17. names of lakes and bays: LakeTiticaca, Lake Erie except with a group of lakes like the Great Lakes names of mountains: Mount Everest, Mount Fuji except with ranges of mountains like the Karakoram, the Himalaya. names of continents (Asia, Europe)
- 18. Do use the before: names of rivers, oceans and seas: the Nile, the Pacific points on the globe: the Equator, the North Pole geographical areas: the Middle East, the West
- 19. Omission of Articles Some common types of nouns that don't take an article are: Names of languages and nationalities: Chinese, English, Spanish, Russian Names of sports: volleyball, hockey, baseball Names of academic subjects: mathematics, biology, history, computer science
- 20. Read the following description I am from Karachi, Pakistan. Karachi is a city in Pakistan. I live in an area called Gulshan-E-Iqbal. I live in a house in a street on the main road. The street is called "Bear Street" and the house is old - more than 100 years old! I am an English teacher at a school in the center of the area. I like books and taking photographs. I usually have lunch at school. I usually go home by car.We have all kinds of food in Karachi. I like Italian food very much. Sometimes, I go to an Italian restaurant in D.H.A. The restaurant is called "Luigi's". Italian food is great!
- 21. Here are the rules for when to use "A, An orThe": a = indefinite article (not a specific object, one of a number of the same objects) with consonants She has a dog. I work in a factory. an = indefinite article (not a specific object, one of a number of the same objects) with vowels Can I have an apple? She is an English teacher. the = definite article (a specific object that both the person speaking and the listener know) The car over there is fast. The teacher is very good, isn't he?
- 22. The first time you speak of something use "a or an", the next time you repeat that object use "the". I live in a house.The house is quite old and has four bedrooms. I ate in a Chinese restaurant.The restaurant was very good. DO NOT use an article with countries, states, counties or provinces, lakes and mountains except when the country is a collection of states such as "The United States". He lives inWashington near Mount Rainier. Use an article with bodies of water, oceans and seas - My country borders on the Pacific Ocean
- 23. A,An,The, or (Nothing) This coat was designed by ___ famous NewYork artist. Can you tell me how to get to ___ bank from here? He is one of ___ smartest people I know. I recommend you eat ___ apple pie at this restaurant. ___ milk is good for you.
- 24. Would you like to see ___ movie? ___ apple a day keeps ___ doctor away. I can't believe I failed ___ yesterday's test! Do you have ___ dictionary?
- 25. They crashed because they had ..... burst tyre. They live in ...... lovely flat. It's ...... old house and needs some work. Could you take ....... books you borrowed back to the library, please?
- 26. It's on ....... Milton Road. He's wearing ..... blue suit. He's wearing ...... tie I gave him. The River Nile is .... longest river of all.
- 27. Practice Rahim is (a)_ good boy. One day he saw (b)_ man coming towards him. (c)_ man said “I am very hungry. Can you give me some(d) _ money.” Rahim Said to the man “ I have only twenty taka. If you want I can give you (e)_ money.”