Articles 1. english

ABOUT THE AUTHOR
The author, who writes under the pen-
name Harun Yahya, was born in Ankara in
1956. He studied arts at Istanbul's Mimar
Sinan University, and philosophy at
Istanbul University. Since the 1980s, the
author has published many books on
political, faith-related and scientific issues.
Greatly appreciated all around the world,
these works have been instrumental in helping many to return their
faith in Allah, and, in many others, to gain a deeper insight into their
faith. Harun Yahya's books appeal to all kinds of readers, regardless
of their age, race, or nationality, for they focus on one objective: to
broaden the reader's perspective by encouraging him or her to think
about a number of critical issues, such as the existence of Allah and
His unity, and to live by the values He prescribed for them.
This book is compiled from articles by Harun Yahya on
different issues and published in various newspapers and
periodicals between the years 1999 and 2003. Distinctively,
the author provides a deep analysis of the issues he deals
with. In each article, the arguments that are put forward are
grounded in concrete sources and the rationales underlying
the concepts under focus are provided. Consequently, each
article addresses the wisdom and common sense of the reader
and explains the facts, which he has probably never realised
or thought about before. Some of the articles in this volume
are:“Allah Encompasses All Things in His Knowledge,” “The
Information Behind Matter and Lawh Mahfuz,” “The True
Wisdom That Comes From Faith,” “He Who Obeys the
Prophet (saas) Also Obeys Allah,” “The Scientific Collapse of
Materialism,” “Could Life Have Come From Outer Space?,”
“Different Races Are Not Evidence for Evolution,” “Darwinist
Misrepresentations About the Human
Genome Project.”

TO THE READER
A special chapter is assigned to the collapse of the theory of
evolution because this theory constitutes the basis of all anti-
spiritual philosophies. Since Darwinism rejects the fact of creation—
and therefore, God's Existence—over the last 140 years it has
caused many people to abandon their faith or fall into
doubt. It is therefore an imperative service, a very im-
portant duty to show everyone that this theory is a decep-
tion. Since some readers may find the chance to read only one
of our book, we think it appropriate to devote a chapter to sum-
marize this subject.
All the author's books explain faith-related issues in light of Qur'anic
verses, and invite readers to learn God's words and to live by them. All
the subjects concerning God's verses are explained so as to leave no
doubt or room for questions in the reader's mind. The books' sincere,
plain, and fluent style ensure that everyone of every age and from every
social group can easily understand them. Thanks to their effective, lucid
narrative, they can be read at a one sitting. Even those who rigorously re-
ject spirituality are influenced by the facts these books document and can-
not refute the truthfulness of their contents.
This and all the other books by the author can be read individually, or dis-
cussed in a group. Readers eager to profit from the books will find discus-
sion very useful, letting them relate their reflections and experiences to one
another.
In addition, it will be a great service to Islam to contribute to the publica-
tion and reading of these books, written solely for the pleasure of God. The
author's books are all extremely convincing. For this reason, to communi-
cate true religion to others, one of the most effective methods is encourag-
ing them to read these books.
We hope the reader will look through the reviews of his other books at the
back of this book. His rich source material on faith-related issues is very
useful, and a pleasure to read.
In these books, unlike some other books, you will not find the author's per-
sonal views, explanations based on dubious sources, styles that are unob-
servant of the respect and reverence due to sacred subjects, nor hopeless,
pessimistic arguments that create doubts in the mind and deviations in the
heart.

AARRTTIICCLLEESS
.. II ..
HHAARRUUNN YYAAHHYYAA
JJUULLYY 22000033

ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Now writing under the pen-name of HARUN YAHYA, he
was born in Ankara in 1956. Having completed his primary
and secondary education in Ankara, he studied arts at Istanbul's
Mimar Sinan University and philosophy at Istanbul
University. Since the 1980s, he has published many books
on political, scientific, and faith-related issues. Harun Yahya
is well-known as the author of important works disclosing the im-
posture of evolutionists, their invalid claims, and the dark liaisons
between Darwinism and such bloody ideologies as fascism and com-
munism.
His pen-name is a composite of the names Harun (Aaron) and Yahya
(John), in memory of the two esteemed Prophets who fought against their
people's lack of faith. The Prophet's seal on the his books' covers is sym-
bolic and is linked to the their contents. It represents the Qur'an (the final
scripture) and the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), last of the
prophets. Under the guidance of the Qur'an and the Sunnah (teachings of the
Prophet), the author makes it his purpose to disprove each fundamental tenet
of godless ideologies and to have the "last word," so as to completely silence
the objections raised against religion. He uses the seal of the final Prophet,
who attained ultimate wisdom and moral perfection, as a sign of his intention
to offer the last word.
All of Harun Yahya's works share one single goal: to convey the Qur' an's
message, encourage readers to consider basic faith-related issues such as
God's Existence and Unity and the hereafter; and to expose godless systems'
feeble foundations and perverted ideologies.
Harun Yahya enjoys a wide readership in many countries, from India to
America, England to Indonesia, Poland to Bosnia, and Spain to Brazil. Some of
his books are available in English, French, German, Spanish, Italian,
Portuguese, Urdu, Arabic, Albanian, Russian, Serbo-Croat (Bosnian), Polish,
Malay, Uygur Turkish, and Indonesian.
Greatly appreciated all around the world, these works have been instru-
mental in many people recovering faith in God and gaining deeper insights
into their faith. His books' wisdom and sincerity, together with a distinct style
that's easy to understand, directly affect anyone who reads them. Those who

seriously consider these books, can no longer advocate
atheism or any other perverted ideology or materialistic phi-
losophy, since these books are characterized by rapid effec-
tiveness, definite results, and irrefutability. Even if they continue
to do so, it will be only a sentimental insistence, since these books
refute such ideologies from their very foundations. All con-
temporary movements of denial are now ideologically de-
feated, thanks to the books written by Harun Yahya.
This is no doubt a result of the Qur'an's wisdom and lucidity. The
author modestly intends to serve as a means in humanity's search
for God's right path. No material gain is sought in the publication of
these works.
Those who encourage others to read these books, to open their minds
and hearts and guide them to become more devoted servants of God, ren-
der an invaluable service.
Meanwhile, it would only be a waste of time and energy to propagate other
books that create confusion in people's minds, lead them into ideological
chaos, and that clearly have no strong and precise effects in removing the
doubts in people's hearts, as also verified from previous experience. It is im-
possible for books devised to emphasize the author's literary power rather
than the noble goal of saving people from loss of faith, to have such a great
effect. Those who doubt this can readily see that the sole aim of Harun
Yahya's books is to overcome disbelief and to disseminate the Qur'an's moral
values. The success and impact of this service are manifested in the readers'
conviction.
One point should be kept in mind: The main reason for the continuing
cruelty, conflict, and other ordeals endured by the vast majority of people is
the ideological prevalence of disbelief. This can be ended only with the ideo-
logical defeat of disbelief and by conveying the wonders of creation and
Qur'anic morality so that people can live by it. Considering the state of the
world today, leading into a downward spiral of violence, corruption and con-
flict, clearly this service must be provided speedily and effectively, or it may be
too late.
In this effort, the books of Harun Yahya assume a leading role. By the will of
God, these books will be a means through which people in the twentyfirst cen-
tury will attain the peace, justice, and happiness promised in the Qur'an.

Copyright © Harun Yahya XXX/ 2003 CE
Published by:
GLOBAL PUBLISHING
Gursel Mh. Darulaceze Cd. No: 9
Funya Sk. Eksioglu Is Merkezi B Blok D: 5
Okmeydani-Istanbul/Turkey
Tel:+90 212 3208600
Printed by:
Seçil Ofset
Istanbul/Turkey
Tel: +90 212 6290615
All translations from the Qur'an are from The Noble
Qur'an: a New Rendering of its Meaning in English by
Hajj Abdalhaqq and Aisha Bewley, published by
Bookwork, Norwich, UK. 1420 CE/1999 AH.
w w w . h a r u n y a h y a . c o m

CCOONNTTEENNTTSS
CCHHAAPPTTEERR II
IIssllaamm››cc FFaa››tthh aanndd MMoorraall››ttyy
Never Forget That The Only God Is Allah - 99
The Only Guide Is The Qur'an - 1144
Allah Has Power Over Everything - 2200
Love Of God And Fear Of God - 2255
Allah's Inspiration To Every Man: Conscience - 3322
Allah Encompasses All Things In His Knowledge - 3377
Deep Thinking - 4422
Satan Strives To Lead You Astray , I - 4477
Satan Strives To Lead You Astray , II - 5533
The Information Behind Matter And Lawh Mahfuz - 5599
Everything Is Part Of Your Destiny - 7722
The True Wisdom That Comes From Faith - 8800
He Who Obeys The Prophet (saas) Also Obeys Allah - 8855
The Prophet's (saas) Patience - 9900
The Believers Are The Guardians Of One Another - 9944
CCHHAAPPTTEERR IIII
RReeffuuttaatt››oonn ooff DDaarrww››nn››ssmm
The Scientific Collapse Of Materialism - 9999
The Scientific Collapse Of The Theory Of Evolution - 110044
Can Life Result From Coincidences As Evolution Argues? - 111177
Could Life Have Come From Outer Space? - 113366
The Fossil Record Refutes Evolution - 114411
The Myth Of Bird Evolution - 114499
The Origin Of Man - 116666
Yet Another Blow To The Myth Of Vestigial Organs - 116699
Different Races Are Not Evidence For Evolution - 117733
Cloning Is No Evidence For Evolution - 117777
Darwinist Misrepresentations About The Human Genome Project - 118800
A Topic Evolution Cannot Explain: Colours In Nature - 118866

... They have forgotten Allah, so He has forgotten them...
(Surat at-Tawba: 67)
he following is just common sense: If we see a cas-
tle made of sand along the seashore, we are certain
that someone has made it. Only a foolish person
would claim that it was coincidentally formed by
the effect of waves and winds. Everything existing in the universe
has evident design. Moreover, this design apparent in every detail
of created things is incomparably more perfect, superior and com-
plex than that of a sandcastle. Therefore, we are confronted with a
crystal clear fact: The universe is created by a superior Creator.
That Creator is Allah, the Lord of all the worlds.
The existence of flawless order in the universe is an undeniable
fact. The world on which we live was created to be habitable. The
ratio of the gravitational force, the distance between the earth and
the sun, the proportion of oxygen in the atmosphere, and hun-
dreds of other delicate equilibrium, have not occurred sponta-
neously or by chance. They are, without a doubt, the creation of
Allah, Who holds control over everything, from the miniscule mi-
croorganisms, to the immense planets of the solar system. It is
Allah Who created the universe with infinite wisdom and might,
and specifically designed the world as an inhabitable place for us:

He makes night merge into day and day merge into night, and
He has made the sun and moon subservient, each one running
until a specified time. That is Allah, your Lord. The Kingdom is
His. Those you call on besides Him have no power over even
the smallest speck. (Surah Fatir: 13)
Turning our attention now from outer space, let's consider our
body. The human body is a structure abounding with amazing won-
ders. The perfect functioning of the human brain is beyond compar-
ison to the computer, the most advanced product of modern
technology. Furthermore, each organ fulfils its specific task perfectly,
and works in complete harmony with other organs. For example, in
order to take a single breath, one's mouth, nose, trachea, lungs, heart
and all blood vessels, must function simultaneously. None of these
ceases for a single instant or becomes exhausted. They are all obedi-
ent and submissive to their Creator, and dutifully comply with what
is ordained for them. Air, purified and warmed as it passes through
the nose, is then carried to the lungs through the trachea. This oxy-
gen will be used by our hearts and blood vessels, by every single cell
in our bodies. The organs involved in this process skilfully carry out
many processes without confusion, error or delay in any way.
Should there be any flaw in this harmony, there would be neither
respiration, nor life.
The same also holds true for the process of sight. The eye is one of
the clearest signs of creation. Both human and animal eyes are re-
markable examples of perfect design. This awesome organ provides
quality vision, still unmatched by twenty-first century technology.
But, never forget that an eye only functions with all its components
intact. For instance, if all components of the eye, such as the cornea,
conjunctiva, iris, pupil, lens, retina, choroids, muscles and the
lachrymal glands were intact, but missing only a single eyelid, the
eye would become damaged and unable to see. By the same token,
merely the failure of tear production would cause the drying of the
eye, and, ultimately, blindness. This fact raises a vital question: Who
created the eye and its ability to perceive from nothing?
Certainly, it is not the possessor of the eye himself who decides to
create his own eye. Because, it is indeed illogical to assume that a
ARTICLES -I-
1100

being, unaware of even the concept of "sight," could decide upon its ne-
cessity and for the creation of an eye in its own body. This being the
case, the reality is that there is a Being with superior wisdom, Who cre-
ated living beings with the faculties of sight, hearing and so on. Some
people who cannot measureAllah with His true measure claim that un-
conscious cells acquired sight and hearing, faculties that demand con-
sciousness, by their own will and skill. However, it is clearly evident
that it cannot possibly be so. Allah reveals in the Qur'an by whom sight
is given as follows:
Say: "It is He Who brought you into being and gave you hearing,
sight and hearts. What little thanks you show!" (Surat al-Mulk: 23)
As is seen in the verse above, it is Allah Who creates all of these sys-
tems that function in perfect harmony with one another. Countless de-
tails within our bodies and in other organisms show forth the might
and grandeur of Allah, and reveal to us the truth that He encompasses
everything with His knowledge. Nevertheless, rather than reflecting
upon it some people find it easier to turn their back to this reality.
However, Allah encourages man to look around and reflect on His
greatness: It is Allah Who created the seven heavens and of the earth
the same number, the Command descending down through all of
them, so that you might know that Allah has power over
all things and that Allah encompasses all things in His
knowledge. (Surat at-Talaq: 12)
You cannot be other than a servant to Allah; because
Allah created man to worship Him:
I only created jinn and man to worship Me. (Surat adh-
Dhariyat: 56)
Being submissive to our Lord, Who gives us everything
we have, Who created us and granted us a life span,
to which He will put an end whenever He wills, is
like taking hold of the firmest grip, one can never
come loose:
Those who submit themselves completely to
Allah and do good have grasped the Firmest
Handhold. The end result of all affairs is
with Allah. (Surah Luqman: 22)
Never Forget That The Only God Is Allah
1133

1144
Alif Lam Ra. This is a Book We
have sent down to you so that you
can bring mankind from the dark-
ness to the light, by the permission
of their Lord, to the Path of the
Almighty,
the Praiseworthy.
(Surah Ibrahim: 1)
Allah sent down the Qur'an for
people to reflect upon, so that they
can know that He is the only God, to
learn how to worship Him, and to
become heedful. The Qur'an, our
only guide, provides us with expla-
nations for everything we need,
shows us the path which pleases
Allah, and gives the good news of
the great consequences of surren-
dering as a servant to Him:
... We have sent down the Book

to you making all things clear and as guidance and mercy and
good news for the Muslims. (Surat an-Nahl: 89)
The Qur'an is the book in truth Allah sent to His servants. It is an ad-
monition, a healing and a mercy for believers. Believers who can grasp
this important reality reflect deeply on every verse of the Qur'an, and
spend all their lives in compliance with it. Allah provides the answer
of any question they seek in the Qur'an:
We have brought them a Book elucidating everything with
knowledge, as guidance and a mercy for people who believe.
(Surat al-A'raf: 52)
Since the Qur'an explains everything relevant to being a servant to
Allah, man is responsible for living by the Qur'an, observing its limits
and complying with its commands. On the Day of Reckoning, people
will be questioned based on this book alone.
Therefore, never forget that the way you conduct yourself, your
thoughts and decisions, in brief, your entire way of life, should be in
compliance only with the Qur'an, and not with what the majority of
people want. Living by the Qur'an is the unique way to salvation.
Moreover, it is necessary to read and comprehend the Qur'an in
order to live by the religion revealed in it, even though those around
you may be far from complying with it. The majority of people might
have never read the Qur'an. Among those who are familiar with the
Qur'an, on the other hand, there may be those who only memorize
verses in Arabic without reflecting on their meaning. They may even
consider the Qur'an as a kind of amulet (Surely Allah is beyond all that
which they falsely ascribe to Him) and thus keep it on the upper
shelves of closets. But if what you want to accomplish is salvation, you
need to comply with Allah's commands, not those of the majority of
people. You need to read the admonitions Allah has sent down and
know by heart His commands. The reason why the Qur'an was re-
vealed is made clear in the following verses:
This is a communication to be transmitted to mankind so that they
may be warned by it and so that they will know that He is One
God and so that people of intelligence will pay heed. (Surah
Ibrahim: 52)
The Only Guide Is The Qur'an
1155

It is a Book We have sent down to you, full of blessing, so let
people of intelligence ponder its Signs and take heed. (Surah
Sâd: 29)
As is seen in the above quoted verses, Allah informs us that only
the people of intelligence, who have the faith described in the
Qur'an, can take heed. The Qur'an is made easy for us to reflect and
take advice:
"Am I to desire someone other than Allah as a judge when it is
He Who has sent down the Book to you clarifying everything?"
Those We have given the Book know it has been sent down from
your Lord with truth, so on no account be among the doubters.
(Surat al-An'am: 114)
In this way We have sent it down as Clear Signs. Allah guides
anyone He wills. (Surat al-Hajj: 16)
Aside from that stated in these verses, there is yet another fact we
need to keep in mind: the Qur'an is a guide for believers whereas it
may misguide disbelievers. Those who do not believe that they will
be gathered in the presence of their Lord on the Day of Judgment and
that the Qur'an is the book in truth sent by the Lord, fail to grasp the
divine purpose of its verses. They remain deaf and blind towards
them. This condition is related in the Qur'an as follows:
When you recite the Qur'an, We place an obscuring veil between
you and those who do not believe in the hereafter. We have
placed covers on their hearts, preventing them from understand-
ing it, and heaviness in their ears. When you mention your Lord
alone in the Qur'an, they turn their backs and run away. (Surat
al-Isra': 45-46)
Undoubtedly, this attitude of the disbelievers results from their in-
sincerity and their inclination to follow their whims and desires.
Examples of this inherent lack of understanding among the disbe-
lievers are as follows:
We have only appointed angels as masters of the Fire and We
have only specified their number as a trial for those who are dis-
believers; so that those who were given the Book might gain in
certainty, and those who believe might increase in their faith,
ARTICLES -I-
1166

and both those who were given the Book and the believers might
have no doubt; and so that those with sickness in their hearts and
the disbelievers might say, "What did Allah intend by this exam-
ple?" In this way Allah misguides those He wills and guides
those He wills. No one knows the legions of your Lord but Him.
This is nothing but a reminder to all human beings. (Surat al-
Muddaththir: 31)
Believers, on the other hand, are of an entirely different state of
mind. As soon as they hear Allah's verses, they conform to this most
beautiful message, and thus, attain salvation both in this world and
beyond. The attitude typical of a believer towards Allah's signs is re-
lated in the Qur'an as follows:
Allah has sent down the Supreme Discourse, a Book consistent
in its frequent repetitions. The skins of those who fear their Lord
tremble at it and then their skins and hearts yield softly to the re-
membrance of Allah. That is Allah's guidance by which He
guides whoever He wills. And no one can guide those whom
Allah misguides. (Surat az-Zumar: 23)
Allah has informed us that believers with sincere faith will have
the faculty to grasp the Qur'an as the book in truth. Only disbelievers
harbour doubts about its justness:
… and so that those who have been given knowledge will know
it is the truth from their Lord and believe in it and their hearts
will be humbled to Him. Allah guides those who believe to a
straight path. But those who disbelieve will not cease to be in
doubt of it until the Hour comes on them suddenly or the pun-
ishment of a desolate Day arrives. (Surat al-Hajj: 54-55)
People will be judged according to the Qur'an on the Day of
Judgment. Allah reveals this truth in the following verse;
So hold fast to what has been revealed to you. You are on a
straight path. It is certainly a reminder to you and to your people
and you will be questioned. (Surat az-Zukhruf: 43-44)
That the majority of people are far removed from the Qur'an, and
that they have almost abandoned it, should not deceive you. That is
because, as people regard a lifespan of 60-70 years as guaranteed,
ARTICLES -I-
1188

they tend to wait for the later years of their lives as the appropriate
time to follow the Qur'an. They wrongly conclude that living by the
religion would deprive them of the pleasures of youth. By this insin-
cere reasoning, however, they prepare a bitter end for themselves.
The sole guide that explains for you how to be a servant to Allah is
the Qur'an. You must structure your life according to its commands.
That is because, on the Day of Judgment, believers and disbelievers
alike, will be judged according to their obedience to the Qur'an. You
can only hope to attain Paradise and deliverance from eternal pun-
ishment provided that you sincerely carry out what the Qur'an com-
mands.
The Only Guide Is The Qur'an
1199

2200
Allah (swt), the Creator of everything, is the sole
possessor of all beings. It is Allah (swt) Who heaps
up the heavy clouds, heats and brightens the earth, varies
the direction of the winds, holds birds suspended up in the
sky, splits the seed, makes a man's heart beat, ordains photosyn-
thesis in plants, and keeps planets in their separate orbits. People
generally surmise that such phenomena occur according to "the laws
of physics," "gravity," "aerodynamics," or other physical factors;
however, there is one point these people ignore: Allah (swt) created
all such physical laws were created. In fact, the only possessor of
power in the universe is Allah (swt).
Allah (swt) rules all the systems in the universe, regardless of
whether we are aware of them, or if we are asleep, sitting, walking.
Each of the myriad of processes in the universe, all essential to our
existence, is under Allah's control. Even our ability to just take a
small step forward depends on countless minutely predetermined
details, including earth's force of gravity, the structure of the human
skeleton, the nervous system and muscular system, the brain, the
heart, and even the rotation speed of the earth.
Attributing the existence of the world and of the entire universe to
sheer coincidence is complete delusion. The exquisite order of the
earth and the universe completely contradicts the possibil-
ity of formation through coincidence, and is, rather, a clear
sign of Allah's infinite might. For instance, the
earth's orbit around the
sun deviates only
2.8 mm

in every 29 kms from the right path. If this deviation were 0.3 mm
longer or shorter, then living beings all over the earth would either
freeze or be scorched. While it is virtually impossible for even a mar-
ble to revolve in the same orbit without any deviation, the earth ac-
complishes such a course despite its gigantic mass. As stated in the
Qur'an, "... Allah has appointed a measure for all things..." (Sura at-
Talaq: 3). In effect, the splendid order in the universe is maintained as
a result of fantastic systems that depend on highly delicate equilibri-
ums.
Many hold the perverted belief that Allah (swt) "created everything
and then left them on their own." However, any event, taking place in
any area of the universe, occurs solely by Allah's Will, and under His
control. The Qur'an states the following:
Do you not know that Allah knows everything in heaven and
earth? That is in a Book. That is easy for Allah. (Sura al-Hajj: 70)
It is very important to grasp this fact for someone who strives to
ARTICLES -I-
2222

get near to Allah (swt). The Prophet Muhammad's (saas) below
prayer is a very good example:
O Allah: All the Praises are for You: You are the Lord of the Heavens and
the Earth. All the Praises are for You; You are the Maintainer of the
Heaven and the Earth and whatever is in them. All the Praises are for
You; You are the Light of the Heavens and the Earth. Your Word is the
Truth, and Your Promise is the Truth, and the Meeting with You is the
Truth, and Paradise is the Truth, and the (Hell) Fire is the Truth, and the
Hour is the Truth. O Allah! I surrender myself to You, and I believe in
You and I depend upon You, and I repent to You and with You (Your evi-
dences) I stand against my opponents, and to you I leave the judgment
(for those who refuse my message). O Allah! Forgive me my sins that I did
in the past or will do in the future, and also the sins I did in secret or in
public. You are my only Allah (Whom I worship) and there is no other
Allah for me (i.e. I worship none but You). (Al-Bukhari)
Elaborate processes taking place in the bodies of living things are
impressive examples that help us to grasp Allah's might. For in-
stance, at every moment, your kidneys filter your blood and extricate
those harmful molecules to be excreted from the body. This screening
and elimination process, which can be carried out by a single kidney
cell, can only be accomplished by a giant haemodialyser (artificial
kidney). A haemodialyser was consciously designed by scientists. A
kidney, however, does not sense, or have a decision-making centre,
nor the faculty of thought. In other words, an unconscious kidney
cell can accomplish tasks that otherwise demand an elaborate think-
ing process.
It is possible to encounter millions of such examples in living be-
ings. Molecules, composed of unconscious matter, perform tasks so
remarkable they would otherwise suggest consciousness. The con-
sciousness apparent in these cases though is, of course, of Allah's in-
finite wisdom and knowledge. It is Allah (swt) Who designed the
kidney cells, as well as the molecules discussed, and Who orders
them to accomplish their respective tasks. In the Qur'an, Allah (swt)
informs us that He constantly sends down "commands" to the beings
He created:
Allah Has Power Over Everything
2233

2244
ARTICLES -I-
It is Allah Who created the seven heavens and of the earth the
same number, the Command descending down through all of
them, so that you might know that Allah has power over all
things and that Allah encompasses all things in His knowledge.
(Sura at-Talaq: 12)
Fully aware of this fact, The Prophet (saas) used to say in the
morning: "O Allah, by Thee we come to the morning, by Thee we come to
the evening, by Thee are we resurrected." In the evening he would say: "O
Allah, by Thee we come to the evening, by Thee we die, and to Thee are we
resurrected." (Abu Dawud)
Clearly, Allah (swt), Who created everything in the universe, is
surely able to bring the dead to life. Of this fact, Allah (swt) states the
following:
Do they not see that Allah—He Who created the heavens and
the earth and was not wearied by creating them—has the power
to bring the dead to life? Yes indeed! He has power over all
things. (Sura al-Ahqaf: 33)

2255
God says, "Do not take two gods. He is only
One God. So dread Me alone." (Sura an-Nahl: 51)
ear of God is one of the essential attributes of a be-
liever. Because, it is fear of God that draws a person
nearer to God, makes him attain a deeper faith, en-
ables him to conduct himself responsibly towards
God every moment of his life, and nurtures his dedication to values
of the Qur'an. The fact that the good morals God expects from His
servants come with the fear of God is reaffirmed by the Prophet
Muhammad (saas) in these words:
Fear God wherever you are; if you follow an evil deed with a good one you
will obliterate it; and deal with people with a good disposition. (At-
Tirmidhi)
Failure to understand the real meaning of fear of God causes some
to confuse it with other kinds of mundane fears. However, fear of
God differs greatly from all other type of fear.
The Arabic word used in the original text of the Qur'an (khashyat)
expresses overwhelming respect. On the other hand, the Arabic
word used in the Qur'an to refer to worldly fears (hawf) expresses a
simple kind of fear, as in the fear one feels when faces with a wild an-
imal.
A consideration of the attributes of God leads to a better under-
standing of these two kinds of fear, both expressed by different
words in Arabic.

Worldly fears are usually caused by a potential threat. For example,
one may fear being murdered. However, God is the All-
Compassionate, the Most Merciful and the Most Just. Therefore, fear of
God implies showing respect to Him, theAll-Compassionate, the Most
Merciful and the Most Just, and avoiding exceeding His limits, re-
belling Him and being of those who deserve His punishment.
The consequences that a fear of God has on people make this differ-
ence apparent. Faced with a deadly danger, a person panics; seized
with hopelessness and desperation, he fails to exercise his reason and
discover a solution. Fear of God, however, actuates wisdom and ad-
herence to one's conscience. Through fear of God, a person is moti-
vated to avoid that which is evil, corruptive, and likely to cause either
physical or mental harm to him. Fear of God fosters wisdom and in-
sight. In a verse of the Qur'an, God informs us that it is through fear of
God that wisdom and understanding is acquired:
You who believe! If you have fear of God, He will give you a crite-
rion (by which to judge between right and wrong) and erase your
bad actions from you and forgive you. God's favour is indeed im-
mense. (Sura al-Anfal: 29)
Worldly fears cause man anxiety. Fear of God, however, not only
gives rise to increased spiritual strength, but also to peace of mind.
It is through fear of God that man avoids those evil actions displeas-
ing God. A verse of the Qur'an states, "... God does not love anyone
vain or boastful." (Sura an-Nisa': 36). A God-fearing person strives
diligently to abstain from boasting, and to engage rather in actions to
earn God's love. For that reason, fear of God and love of God are mu-
tually exclusive.
Fear of God, in fact, removes the obstacles to drawing nearer to God
and earning His love. Foremost of these obstacles is one's lower self.
From the Qur'an, we learn that there are two aspects of the soul; the
one inspiring evil and mischief, and the other, guarding against every
inclination to evil.
... The self and what proportioned it and inspired it with deprav-
ity and a fear of God, he who purifies it has succeeded, he who
covers it up has failed. (Sura ash-Shams: 7-10)
Struggling against this evil, and not giving in it, requires spiritual
ARTICLES -I-
2288

3300
strength.
This strength de-
rives from fear of God. A God-
fearing person is not enslaved by
the selfishness of his soul. The awe he
feels for God draws him away from
thoughts and deeds unworthy of His
pleasure. A verse of the Qur'an informs
us that only those who fear God will
take heed of the warnings imparted to
them:
You can only warn those who act on
the Reminder and fear the All-
Merciful in the Unseen. Give them the
good news of forgiveness and a gener-
ous reward. (Sura Ya Sin: 11)
Man's striving must be to feel a more
profound fear of God. To effect this noble
sentiment, he must reflect upon God's
creation and recognize the supreme
artistry and
power rep-
resented
in its every
detail. His
thinking
must enable
him to attain a
better grasp of
His grandeur

3311
Love Of God And Fear Of God
and add to his awe. Indeed, God commands us:
You who believe! Have fear of God with the fear due to Him and
do not die except as Muslims. (Sura Al 'Imran: 102)
So have fear of God, as much as you are able to, and listen and
obey and spend for your own benefit. It is the people who are safe-
guarded from the avarice of their own selves who are successful.
(Sura at-Taghabun: 16)
The more a believer fears God, the more loving he becomes. He bet-
ter acknowledges the beauty of God's creation. He acquires the ability
to recognize the multitude of people, nature, animals, and in every-
thing around him, as reflections of God's sublime attributes.
Consequently, he comes to feel a deeper love for such blessings, as well
as for God, their Creator.
A person who grasps this secret also knows what love of God is. He
loves God, over and above anything else, and understands that all be-
ings are the work of His creation. he loves them in accordance with
God's pleasure. He loves believers who are submissive to Him, but feels
aversion for those who are rebellious towards Him.
The true love that makes man happy, brings him joy and peace, is
love of God. Other forms of love, felt for beings other than God, are, in
the words of the Qur'an, love peculiar to idolaters, and consistently
leads to anguish, sorrow, melancholy and anxiety. The idolaters' love
and the love believers feel for God are compared in a verse as follows:
Some people set up equals to God, loving them as they should
love God. But those who believe have greater love for God... (Sura
al-Baqara: 165)

3322
onscience is a spiritual quality that bids man good atti-
tude and thought, and helps him think straight and tell
right from wrong.
One of the important aspects of conscience is that it is common to all
people. In other words, what feels right to the conscience of a man also
feels right to the conscience of all others provided that the same condi-
tions prevail. The conscience of one man never falls out with that of
another. The reason lies in the source of conscience: it is the inspiration
of Allah. Through the conscience, Allah lets us know the best and the
most beautiful behaviour and manners which it will please Him for us
to adopt.
That conscience is an inspiration from Allah is mentioned in the
Qur'an, in Surat ash-Shams:
And the self and what proportioned it and inspired it with de-
pravity or taqwa, he who purifies it has succeeded, he who covers
it up has failed. (Surat ash-Shams: 7-10)
In the above verses,Allah declares that He has inspired the self with
depravity (to act in a sinful manner, to disobey, to deviate, to lie, to
turn away from righteousness, to stir up trouble, to decline in good
manners). The opposite is taqwa (awe or fear of Allah which inspires a
person to be on guard against wrong action and eager for actions
which please Him). It is this very conscience that makes man guard
against evil deeds and find the right way.

3333
Allah's Inspiration To Every Man: Conscience
One of the most important aspects of conscience is that it helps man
to find what is right of his own accord. Conscience will surely show
man what is right, even if nobody else will. So, what matters for man is
to take recourse to his own conscience, listen to what it says, and act
upon it. For this reason, we can say that conscience is the main compo-
nent of religion.
Above all, there is one point that must be borne in mind; every man,
from the moment of gaining consciousness, is responsible for what
Allah inspires him with and what his conscience tells him. From the
moment he starts to conceive the events around him and becomes able
to judge for himself, he is expected to possess and be able to exercise
the ability to hear and distinguish the voice of his conscience, and to
have the will to follow it. From this point forward, he will be ques-
tioned about the actions he takes in the course of his life. If he follows
his conscience, he will be rewarded with an eternal life in Allah's
heaven, but if he follows his self, he will meet an eternal sealed vault of
fire.
Death is not distant from any one of us. It is perhaps even closer than
we think. That Allah did not create the life of this world for a vain pur-
pose and that death is not an end is an undeniable fact. We all have to
organise our life according to this great truth, because after death, we
will be judged according to the life we lived, and we will either be wel-
comed in paradise, or thrown into hell. Even if one is not convinced by
the truth of this, can he really afford to risk so much and not work for
his life in the hereafter? The only solution is to obey the commands of
Allah by listening to the conscience. If someone does not follow his
conscience or use it fully, when he meets the angels of death, he will
be plunged into an agony of remorse and hopelessness, which he will
suffer for eternity.
Whatever we do, our conscience will not leave us until we die.
Conscience is a power that works totally out of our will. It is Allah's
voice. We will all continue to hear this voice until we die, but those who
do not follow this voice will taste the intense regret of it after they die.
Accordingly, in the Qur'an, many examples are given from the conver-
sations in the hereafter in which those in hell confess what they failed
to do in life. Therefore, in truth, everyone knows what he must and

3344
ARTICLES -I-
must not do and evading the conscience does no good.
'What caused you to enter into Hell Fire?' They will say, 'We were
not among those who prayed, and we did not feed the poor. We
plunged with those who plunged, and denied the Day of
Judgement, until the Certain came to us.' The intercession of the
interceders will not help them. What is the matter with them that
they run from the Reminder like panicked donkeys fleeing from
a lion? In fact each one of them wants to be given an unfurled
scroll. No indeed! The truth is they do not fear the hereafter. No
indeed! It is truly a reminder to which anyone who wills may pay
heed. (Surat al-Muddaththir: 42-55)
If man does not want to make the above speech, he must listen to
his conscience, follow the Qur'an, follow the Messenger (saas) and fol-
low the rightly-guided people. He must never turn his back on the
truth once it has been shown to him, and try to turn off the voice of
righteousness within him.

3377
Allah (swt) created the order of the universe in superb de-
tail to allow man to grasp His greatness. A verse referring to this
order reads, "... so that you might know that Allah has power over
all things and that Allah encompasses all things in His knowl-
edge." (Sura at-Talaq: 12). Faced with the sublimity of the details of
this order, man becomes in awe, recognizing that Allah's wisdom,
knowledge and might is infinite.
So expansive is Allah's knowledge that what for us is "infinite" is in
His sight already ended. Every event that has taken place since the
creation of time, until deep into eternity, was predetermined and
ended in Allah's sight. (See Timelessness and The Reality of Fate, by
Harun Yahya) This is related in the Qur'an as follows:
We have created all things in due measure. Our command is only
one word, like the blinking of an eye. We destroyed those of your
kind in the past. But is there any rememberer there? Everything
they did is in the Books. Everything is recorded, big or small.
(Sura al-Qamar: 49-53)
Man must seek to appreciate the extent of Allah's knowledge, and
reflect to comprehend His greatness.
Billions of people have appeared on earth since time immemorial.
Therefore, Allah (swt) created billions of pairs of eyes, billions of dif-
ferent fingerprints, billions of different eye tissues, billions of differ-
ent types of humans... If He so willed, He could also create billions
more. As stated in the Qur'an, "... He adds to creation in any way He
wills. Allah has power over all things." (Sura Fatir: 1)

3388
ARTICLES -I-
Allah (swt) also possesses the power to create many other things
beyond our limited imagination. The entire extent of the treasures
Allah (swt) has bestowed in this world for His servants is all within
His sight. He sends down to us only that which He wills, all within a
measure predetermined:
There is nothing that does not have its stores with Us and We
only send it down in a known measure. (Sura al-Hijr: 21)
This matter, manifested everywhere in Allah's superb creation,
holds true for both that which we know as well as that which we do
not. To this, Allah (swt) draws attention in the verse, "... and He cre-
ates other things you do not know." (Sura an-Nahl: 8), He creates
many other things of which we are entirely unaware.
Allah (swt) has created many worlds and beings which we cannot
see. To better understand the possibility of the existence of other
worlds, we should consider the following: a picture is two dimen-
sional—width and length. The world in which we live, however, is 3
dimensional—width, length and depth—(time can be considered as
the 4th dimension). The rest is beyond our comprehension.
However, in the sight of Allah (swt), there are other dimensions.
Angels, for instance, are beings that live in another dimension.
According to the Qur'an, angels can see and hear us from the dimen-

4400
ARTICLES -I-
sion and space in which they exist. Furthermore, the two angels,
seated on our either shoulder, each, and at every moment, is record-
ing every word we speak and every deed we do. Yet, we do not see
them. Jinn are also beings of another dimension, as we are informed
by the Qur'an. They, like us human beings, are also tested, all
through their lives, and Allah (swt) will ultimately bring them before
judgement. However, they are possessed of completely different at-
tributes than humans; their existence is dependent upon an entirely
different system of cause and effect.
These are all facts that deserve careful consideration in order to at-
tain a better grasp of Allah's splendid creation. It is within Allah's
power to create innumerable new worlds, beings and situations.
Furthermore, each is He able to create with a limitless degree of dif-
ferentiation. Indeed, in a nature unknown to us, Allah (swt) will cre-
ate Paradise and Hell. While systems left to their own in this world
tend to age, become corrupted, and eventually expire, in Paradise,
unaffected by the passage of time, nothing will deteriorate; "rivers of
milk whose taste will never change" is an example to elucidate this
feature of Paradise. The human body too will not degenerate; nor
will anything ever age. According to the Qur'an, everyone in
Paradise will be of like age, will live together for all eternity, in the
best condition, and without growing older or losing their beauty.
Allah (swt) also informs us in the Qur'an that in it will be bursting
springs for us from which to drink. Hell, on the other hand, will be
utterly different; in it, Allah (swt) will create unimaginable torment.
No one will be able to conceive the pain of such torment until he ex-
periences it.
On everything in this world, Allah (swt) has placed a limit.
Everything has a finite existence. This being the case, in order to
comprehend "eternity," and Allah's infinite might, we need to exer-
cise our minds and compare these ideas with something that is fa-
miliar. We can only come to know to the extent that Allah (swt)

4411
Allah (SWT) Encompasses All Things In His Knowledge
permits us. Allah (swt), however, is infinite in knowledge. Let us
consider the following example, Allah (swt) has created 7 basic
colours. It is impossible for us to visualize another colour. (The case
is similar to describing the colour red to someone who is blind by
birth; no description would be adequate.) However, Allah (swt) is
able to create more than these basic colours. Although, unless He so
wills, we will never be able to have a grasp that which is beyond
what He has willed for us to know.
All that we have just mentioned belongs to that knowledge that
Allah (swt) has allotted us in this world. But, one point deserves par-
ticular attention; because Allah's power and might is infinite, any-
thing can happen, and at any time, by His will. Allah's Messenger,
the Prophet Muhammad (saas) also referred to the eternal power of
Allah (swt) when he said, "The seven heavens and the seven earths
are no more in Allah's Hand than a mustard seed in the hand of one
of you." Allah (swt) explains the infiniteness of His knowledge in the
Qur'an as follows:
If all the trees on earth were pens and all the sea, with seven
more seas besides, was ink Allah's words still would not run
dry. Allah is Almighty, All-Wise. (Sura Luqman: 27)
In brief, no matter how hard we strive to do so, we cannot possi-
bly come to grasp the extent of Allah's knowledge, because it is un-
limited. We can comprehend it only as far as Allah (swt) permits us
to do so:
Allah, there is no god but Him, the Living, the Self-Sustaining.
He is not subject to drowsiness or sleep. Everything in the heav-
ens and the earth belongs to Him. Who can intercede with Him
except by His permission? He knows what is before them and
what is behind them but they cannot grasp any of His knowl-
edge save what He wills. His Footstool encompasses the heav-
ens and the earth and their preservation does not tire Him. He is
the Most High, the Magnificent. (Sura al-Baqara: 255)

4422
ave you ever
thought about the
fact that you did
not exist before
you were conceived and then born
into the world and that you have
come into existence from mere
nothingness?
Have you ever thought about
how the flowers you see in your liv-
ing room everyday come out of
pitch black, muddy soil with fra-
grant smells and are as colourful as
they are?
Have you ever thought
about how mosquitoes,
which irritat-

4433
Deep Thinking
ingly fly around you, move their wings so fast that we are unable to
see them?
Have you ever thought about how the peels of fruits such as ba-
nanas, watermelons, melons and oranges serve as wrappings of
high quality, and how the fruits are packed in these wrappings so
that they maintain their taste and fragrance?
Have you ever thought about the possibility that while you are
asleep a sudden earthquake could raze your home, your office, and
your city to the ground and that in a few seconds you could lose
everything of the world you possess?
Have you ever thought of how your life passes away very
quickly, and that you will grow old and become weak, and slowly
lose your beauty, health and strength?
Have you ever thought about how one day you will find the an-
gels of death Allah appointed before you and that you will then
leave this world?
Well, have you ever thought about why people are so attached to
a world from which they will soon depart when what they basically
need is to strive for the hereafter?
Man is a being whom Allah furnishes with the faculty of
thought. Yet, most people do not use this very important faculty as
they should. In fact, some people almost never think.
In truth, each person possesses a capacity for thought of which
even he himself is unaware. Once man begins to use this capacity,
facts he has not been able to realise until that very moment begin to
be uncovered for him. The deeper he goes in reflection, the more his
capacity to think improves, and this is possible for everyone. One
just has to realise that one needs to reflect and then to strive hard.
Someone who does not think will remain totally distant from
truths and lead his life in self-deception and error. As a result, he
will not grasp the purpose of the creation of the world, and the rea-
son for his existence on the earth. Yet, Allah has created everything
with a purpose. This fact is stated in the Qur'an as follows:
We did not create the heavens and the earth and everything be-

4455
Deep Thinking
tween them as a game. We did not create them except with truth
but most of them do not know it. (Surat ad-Dukhan: 38-39)
Did you suppose that We created you for amusement and that
you would not return to Us? (Surat al-Muminun: 115)
Therefore, each person needs to ponder the purpose of creation,
first as it concerns him himself, and then as it pertains to everything
he sees in the universe and every event he experiences throughout
his life. Someone who does not think, will understand the facts only
after he dies, when he gives account before Allah, but then it will be
too late. Allah says in the Qur'an that on the day of account, every-
body will think and see the truth:
That day Hell is produced, that day man will remember; but how
will the remembrance help him?
He will say, "Oh! If only I had prepared in advance for this life
of mine!" (Surat al-Fajr: 23-24)
The truth can be told to a person in many different ways; it can be
shown by the use of details, pieces of evidence and by every means.
Yet, if this person does not think over this truth on his own, sin-
cerely and honestly with the purpose of comprehending the truth,
all these efforts are useless. For this reason, when the messengers of
Allah communicated the message to their people, they told them the
truth clearly and then summoned them to think.
While Allah has given us a chance in the life of this world to re-
flect and derive conclusions from our reflections, to see the truth
will bring us great gain in our life in the hereafter. For this reason,
Allah has summoned all people, through His prophets and books,
to reflect on their creation and on the creation of the universe:
Have they not reflected within themselves? Allah did not create
the heavens and the earth and everything between them except
with truth and for a fixed term. Yet many people reject the meet-
ing with their Lord. (Surat ar-Rum: 8)
A man who reflects grasps the secrets of Allah's creation, the truth
of the life of this world, the existence of hell and paradise, and the
inner truth of matters. He gets a deeper understanding of the im-

4466
ARTICLES -I-
portance of being a person with whom Allah is pleased, and so he
lives religion as is its due, recognises Allah's attributes in every-
thing he sees, and begins to think not according to what the major-
ity of people demand but as Allah commands. As a result, he takes
pleasure from beauty much more than others do, and does not suf-
fer distress from baseless misapprehensions and worldly greed.
These are only a few of the beautiful things a person who thinks
will gain in the world. The gain in the hereafter of someone who al-
ways finds the truth by thinking, is the love, approval, mercy and
the paradise of our Lord, which are above everything else.

4477
Did I not make a
contract with you, tribe of
Adam, not to worship Satan, who truly
is an outright enemy to you, but to worship Me?
That is a straight path. He has led numerous people among
you into error. Why did you not use your intellect?
(Surah Ya Sin: 60-62)
ou have an enemy whose only aim is to keep
you far from Allah, His religion and the Qur'an.
He does not relent from his plot even for a mo-
ment; lying in ambush, he awaits the opportunity to fulfil his
task. He is able to see you from where you cannot see him
and tries thousands of methods to entrap you. One of his
characteristics is that he is stealthy. His methods, tactics and
tricks may vary from one person to next. The tactics he em-
ploys may also depend on the time, place and conditions.
This enemy of ours is Satan, the being who was driven from
the sight of Allah.

4488
ARTICLES -I-
Contrary to what the majority of people think, Satan is not an
imaginary being. As a part of the test in this world, one needs to be
always watchful against Satan. Because, revolting against Allah,
Satan swore to lead His servants astray. Allah relates the rebellious
behaviours of the devil in the Qur'an as follows:
We created you and then formed you and then We said to the an-
gels, "Prostrate before Adam," and they prostrated—except for
Iblis. He was not among those who prostrated. He (Allah) said,
"What prevented you from prostrating when I commanded you
to?" He (Satan) replied, "I am better than him. You created me
from fire and You created him from clay." He (Allah) said,
"Descend from Heaven. It is not for you to be arrogant in it. So
get out! You are one of the abased." He (Satan) said, "Grant me a
reprieve until the day they are raised up." He (Allah) said, "You
are one of the reprieved." He (Satan) said, "By Your misguidance
of me, I will lie in ambush for them on Your straight path. Then
I will come at them, from in front of them and behind them,
from their right and from their left. You will not find most of
them thankful." He (Allah) said, "Get out of it, reviled and
driven out. As for those of them who follow you, I will fill up
Hell with every one of you." (Surat al-A'raf: 11-18)
As is made clear in the above verses, Satan is the most avowed
enemy of mankind. This being will also try to mislead you by arous-
ing in you sinful desires. However, an important point should be
noted here; as is stated in the verses above, the major goal of Satan is
to make you, along with the rest of mankind, follow him. The ac-
cursed Satan will not relent until you enter Hell.
There is yet an even more important fact to remember: Satan does
not possess any power independent of Allah. Allah created him, and
he is completely under His control. He is a servant of Allah, and can
only act with His permission. He is charged with the task of helping
to distinguish those who truly believe from those who do not. He can
only act under Allah's Will. When the time granted to him expires, he
will be thrown into Hell together with those he had led astray:
(Allah said): I will fill up Hell with you and every one of them

5500
ARTICLES -I-
who follows you. (Surah Sâd: 85)
Therefore, Satan does not actually have any power over believers.
As Allah stresses in the following verse, he has power only over
those who do not truly and sincerely believe:
He (Satan) said, "My Lord, because You misled me, I will make
things on the earth seem good to them and I will mislead them
all, every one of them, except Your servants among them who
are sincere." (Surat al-Hijr: 39-40)
Satan cannot lead a man, whom Allah created as a believer, to go
astray from the right path. Of course, believers are always prone to
make mistakes. However, they never despair of Allah's mercy, but
immediately take refuge in Him and repent with sincerity. Allah in-
forms us in the Qur'an of those over whom Satan can exert his
power:
He has no authority over those who believe and put their trust
in their Lord. He only has authority over those who take him as
a friend and associate others with Allah. (Surat an-Nahl: 99-100)

5511
Satan Strives To Lead You Astray - 1
Satan wishes to lead you to become insolent, arrogant and disobe-
dient to Allah, just as he himself is. He commands you to do evil, to
perform acts that are not pleasing to Allah and to say of Allah that
about which you have no knowledge. He tries to hinder you from
assessing Allah's true grandeur and might. Allah draws attention to
this danger in the Qur'an as follows:
Mankind! Eat what is good and lawful on the earth. And do not
follow in the footsteps of Satan. He truly is an outright enemy
to you. He only commands you to do evil and indecent acts and
to say about Allah what you do not know. (Surat al-Baqara: 168-
169)
His main endeavour is to fill mankind with constant fear of
poverty, a goal which he is able to accomplish once he has made
them forget about the hereafter. Unaware that everything is under
Allah's control, and that no one can prevent any good if Allah wills
it, these people live completely irresponsibly, leading them to com-
mit all sorts of offences against Allah:
Satan threatens you with poverty and enjoins you to be nig-
gardly, and Allah promises you forgiveness from Himself and
abundance; and Allah is Ample-giving, Knowing. (Surat al-
Baqara: 268)
Satan's primary tactic is deviousness. Indeed, Allah describes this
stealth "... the insidious whisperer who whispers (evil) in people's
breasts." (Surat an-Nas: 4-5) As the verse makes clear, Satan, who
approaches people deceptively, busies people with idle and trivial
matters and makes their wrongdoings seem fair to them:
If only they had humbled themselves when Our violent force
came upon them! However, their hearts were hard and Satan
made what they were doing seem attractive to them. (Surat al-
An'am: 43)
More importantly, these people, whose hearts are hardened and
who assume themselves to be on the right path, though in fact they
are misled, lead themselves still further from Allah's revelations.
Forsaking Allah, they hold Satan dear, follow his path, and thus,
grow even more insolent.

5533
atan will employ different methods for different peo-
ple, and will target people's weaknesses in order to
lead them astray. Throughout history, Satan has ap-
proached each person with a different tactic. He en-
sures that a person who is already distant from religion distances
himself still further by making the life of this world seem alluring to
him. He makes him forget about the Day of Judgment, and thus,
manages to keep him far from the true religion all through his life.
All the while, he does not neglect to approach the believers. In
order to hinder believers from worshipping Allah sincerely, he
strives to stop them from engaging in deeds done to earn Allah's
consent. He endeavours to weaken their values. Disguising the true
nature of their evil, he tempts believers into succumbing to arro-
gance, selfishness, forgetfulness, carelessness, conceit, and
irascibility.
In order to distract them, Satan encour-
ages people to make long-term plans
with which to keep their minds
busy. He strives to prevent
them from keeping their

5544
minds occupied
with the remembrance
of Allah. For this purpose,
he makes people immerse
themselves in everyday prob-
lems, or inspires them with ex-
cuses to justify their negligence
in remembering Allah.
Believers who are submis-
sive to Allah, who re-
member Him night
and day, who are
aware that every-
thing takes place under
His control, and who sin-
cerely turn towards the Lord,
are less susceptible to the influ-
ence of Satan. As the Prophet
Muhammad (pbuh) also said, "When a
group of people assemble for the remembrance of
Allah, (Allah's) mercy envelops them, and tran-
quillity descends upon them.'' Satan especially

5555
strives to make people neglect remembrance of Allah. Indeed, he has a
particular influence over those who do not fear Allah:
Satan has gained mastery over them and made them forget the re-
membrance of Allah. Such people are the party of Satan. No in-
deed! It is the party of Satan who are the losers. (Surat
al-Mujadala: 19)
Disbelievers are the people who have taken Satan as their friend
and adopted his system. With such a mindset, adherence to Satan and
the hatred and hostility they feel for one another become unavoidable.
However, Satan also strives to stir up hatred among believers. In doing
so, he aims to weaken the believers' will and deter them from obeying
Allah. Allah has warned His servants against this danger and showed
them the ways to avoid it:
Say to My servants that they should only say the best. Satan wants
to stir up trouble between them. Satan is an outright enemy to
man. (Surat al-Isra': 53)
Contrary to the common perception, Satan is not a being that ap-
pears now and then. He follows you wherever you go, or in whatever
you do. He is resolved to this struggle so long as you live.
A person who forgets the existence of Satan is apt to misidentify his
temptations. Therefore, he may be easily deceived into believing that
these temptations are his own thoughts. He may simply fail to grasp
that this cunning inner voice is the voice of Satan. However, true be-
lievers are granted with the wisdom and insight to distinguish the
voice of Satan from that of their conscience. Allah has informed them
how to protect themselves from the whispers and provocations of
Satan:
If an evil impulse from Satan provokes you, seek refuge in Allah.
He is All-Hearing, All-Seeing. As for those who perform their
duty, when they are bothered by visitors from Satan, they remem-
ber and immediately see clearly. (Surat al-A'raf: 200-201)
One of the most effective methods which Satan frequently resorts to
in order to lead people astray is to make them "forget." Satan's main
strategy, therefore, is to make people forget about their responsibili-
ties to Allah. He strives to hinder good deeds by making us forget that

5577
Allah encompasses us from all around, that we are subject to fate, and
that we will die and have to give an account of our actions in Allah's
presence.
Satan does not want people to be thankful to Allah. That is why he
tries to make them forget that everything around us is a favour from
Allah. By making the life of this world seem alluring, and making them
forget the existence of the hereafter, he strives to deceive people. He en-
deavours to make people forget that there is an absolute good in every-
thing that happens, and especially in unexpected events. The reality of
fate and the need of putting one's trust in Allah are other key factors he
tries to make people forget.
In the Qur'an,Allah draws our attention several times to the fact that
with his inculcations, Satan can affect a human's mind and thus make
him to forget:
When you see people engrossed in mockery of Our Signs, turn
from them until they start to talk of other things. And if Satan
should ever cause you to forget, once you remember, do not stay
sitting with the wrongdoers. (Surat al-An'am: 68)
"... No one made me forget to remember it except Satan. It found
its way into the sea in an amazing way." (Surat al-Kahf: 63)
... but Satan made him forget to remind his lord, and so he stayed
in prison for several years. (Surah Yusuf: 42)
Despite all these acts of Satan, he is a being entirely under Allah's
control and he has no power over true servants ofAllah.After all,Allah
created Satan and, willingly or not, he is subject to Him. He can per-
form his acts only with His permission. Unless Allah wills, he is inca-
pable of doing any of them. No matter what Satan does, he can mislead
only deniers. On the other hand, his actions against those with faith
only help to reinforce their commitment:
… so that He can make what Satan insinuates a trial for those with
sickness in their hearts and for those whose hearts are hard—the
wrongdoers are entrenched in hostility—and so that those who
have been given knowledge will know it is the truth from their
Lord and have faith in it and their hearts will be humbled to Him.
Allah guides those who have faith to a straight path. (Surat al-
Hajj: 53-54)

5588
ARTICLES -I-
Allah has revealed to us that Satan actually has no power. It is only
the disbelievers that he can capture under this influence. This is made
clear in the Qur'an:
Iblis was correct in his assessment of them and they followed
him, except for a group of the believers. He had no authority over
them except to enable Us to know those who believe in the here-
after from those who are in doubt about it. Your Lord is the
Preserver of all things. (Surah Saba': 20-21)
On the other hand, believers do not lend an ear to the temptations of
Satan but immediately take refuge in Allah, as they are commanded in
the Qur'an:
If an evil urge from Satan eggs you on, seek refuge in Allah...
(Surah Fussilat: 36)

5599
nformation… This concept
today means a lot more than
it did even a half century ago.
Scientists are developing theories to define
information. Social scientists speak of "the infor-
mation age." Information is becoming a very im-
portant concept for humanity.
The discovery of information in the origin of both
the universe and life itself is what makes this con-
cept so important in the modern world. Scientists
today are realizing that the universe is formed by
"matter, energy and information," and this is replac-
ing the materialistic philosophy of the nineteenth
century which defined the universe as being made
up entirely of "matter and energy."
So, what does this all mean?

6600
Let's explain through an
example, that of DNA. All
living cells function accord-
ing to the genetic informa-
tion in the double helix
structure of DNA. Our bod-
ies are also formed by tril-
lions of cells each with its
own DNA, and all the func-
tions of our bodies are regis-
tered in this giant molecule.
Our cells use protein codes
inscribed in the DNA to pro-
duce new proteins. The infor-
mation that our DNA
possesses is so large that if
you wanted to write it down,
it would fill up 900 volumes
of encyclopedias, cover-to-
cover!
So what is DNA made up
of? Fifty years ago, scientists
would have replied that
DNA is formed by nucleic
acids called nucleotides and
the chemical bonds holding
these nucleotides together. In
other words, they used to list
only the material elements of
the DNA. But today, scien-
tists have a different answer:
DNA is composed of atoms,
molecules, chemical bonds
and, most importantly, infor-
mation.
It's just like a book. We

6611
would be quite mistaken to say
that a book is only made up of
paper, ink and binding for,
alongside these materials, it is
the information that truly
makes it a book. It is informa-
tion which separates a volume
of the Encyclopedia Britannica
from a book formed by ran-
domly arranged letters like
ABICLDIXXGGSDLL. Both
have paper, ink and binding,
but one has information while
the other does not. The source
of information is the author of
that book, a mind with con-
sciousness. Therefore we can't
deny that the information in
DNA was placed there by an
intelligent being.
TThhee IInnffoorrmmaattiioonn
DDeeaadd EEnndd OOff
EEvvoolluuttiioonnaarryy TThheeoorryy
AAnndd MMaatteerriiaalliissmm
The discovery of this fact has
sent materialist philosophy
and Darwinism, its application
to the natural sciences, into a
dead end, because materialist
philosophy claims that all liv-
ing things are formed by mat-
ter alone and that genetic
information appeared some-
how by "chance." This is like

6622
ARTICLES -I-
saying that a book could be formed from a random assemblage of
paper and ink.
Materialism subscribes to the theory of "reductionism," which
claims that information can ultimately be reduced to matter. For this
reason, materialists say that there's no need to look for any source of
information besides matter. But this assertion has been proven to be
in error, and even materialists have started to owe up to this truth.
One of the leading defenders of the theory of evolution, George C.
Williams, pointed in a 1995 essay to the mistake of materialism (re-
ductionism), that is, assuming everything to consist of materials:
Evolutionary biologists have failed to realize that they work with
two more or less incommensurable domains: that of information
and that of matter… These two domains will never be brought to-
gether in any kind of the sense usually implied by the term "re-
ductionism." … The gene is a package of information, not an
object... In biology, when you're talking about things like genes
and genotypes and gene pools, you're talking about information,
not physical objective reality... This dearth of shared descriptors
makes matter and information two separate domains of existence,
which have to be discussed separately, in their own terms.1
Stephen C. Meyer, a philosopher of science from the Cambridge
University and who is critical of the theory of evolution as well as
materialism, says in an interview:
One thing I do in classes to get this idea across the students is that
I hold up two computer disks. One is loaded with software, the
other one is blank. And I ask, "What is the difference in mass be-
tween these two computer disks as a result of the difference in the
information content that they possess"? And of course the answer
is zero, none, there is no difference as a result of the information.
That is because information is a massless quantity. Information is
not a material entity.
Then how can any materialistic explanation explain its origin?
How can any material cause explain its origin?... This creates a
fundamental challenge to the materialistic evolutionary scenarios.

6644
ARTICLES -I-
In the 19th century, we thought that there were two fun-
damental entities of science: Matter and energy. At the
beginning of the 21st century, we now recognize that there
is a third fundamental entity, and it is information. It is not
reducible to matter; it is not reducible to energy.2
All theories put forward in the twentieth century to reduce in-
formation to matter—like the random origin of life, self-organi-
zation of matter, the biological theory of evolution that has tried
to explain species' genetic information through the mechanism
of mutation and natural selection— have failed. Professor
Phillip Johnson, a leading critic of Darwinism, wrote:
The real duality at every level of biology is the duality of matter
and information. The philosophers of mind-science fail to under-
stand the true nature of information because they assume that it is
produced by a material (i.e. Darwinian) process and hence is not
something fundamentally different from matter. But this is merely
a prejudice that would be swept away by unbiased thinking.3
As Johnson states, "information is not matter, although it is
imprinted on matter. It comes from elsewhere, from an intelli-
gence...." Dr. Werner Gitt, a director and professor at the
German Federal Institute of Physics and Technology, expressed
much the same thought:
A coding system always entails a nonmaterial intellectual
process. A physical matter cannot produce an information code.
All experiences show that every piece of creative information rep-
resents some mental effort and can be traced to a personal idea-
giver who exercised his own free will, and who is endowed with
an intelligent mind.... There is no known law of nature, no known
process and no known sequence of events which can cause infor-
mation to originate by itself in matter...4
As we discussed above, a book is formed by paper, ink and the in-
formation it includes. The source of this information is the mind of
the author.
And there is one more important point: This mind comes prior to

6655
The Information Behind Matter And Lawh Mahfuz
the material elements and it decides how to use them. A book first
appears in the mind of the person who will write that book. The au-
thor makes logical connections and comes up with sentences. Later,
in the second stage, he gives these ideas a material form. By using a
typewriter or computer, he turns the information contained within
his mind into letters. Later these letters go to a printing house and
they make up a book.
So here, we can reach the following conclusion: "If matter includes
information, then that material has been pre-organized by a mind
possessing that information. First there was a mind, and then the
owner of that mind turned that information into matter and thus cre-
ated a design."
TThhee MMiinndd TThhaatt EExxiisstteedd BBeeffoorree MMaatttteerr
Therefore, the source of the information in nature cannot be the
matter itself, as the materialists claim. The source of information is
not matter, but rather a supra-material Mind. This Mind existed be-
fore matter. The Mind created, shaped and organized the entire ma-
terial universe.
Biology isn't the only branch of science leading us to this conclu-
sion. Twentieth century astronomy and physics also demonstrated
the existence of an astonishing harmony and design, pointing to the
existence of a Mind that existed before the universe and created it.
Israeli scientist Gerald Schroeder, who studied physics and biol-
ogy in universities like the Massachusettes Institute of Technology
(MIT), and the author of the book The Science of God, makes some im-
portant remarks on this subject. In his new book entitled The
Hidden Face of God: Science Reveals the Ultimate Truth, he ex-
plains the conclusion reached by molecular biology and
quantum physics as follows:
A single consciousness, a universal wisdom, pervades the
universe. The discoveries of science, those that search the
quantum nature of subatomic matter, have moved us
to the brink of a startling realization: all exis-

6677
tence is the expression of this wisdom. In the laboratories we ex-
perience it as information that first physically articulated as en-
ergy and then condensed into the form of matter. Every particle,
every being, from atom to human, appears to represent a level of
information, of wisdom.5
According to Schroeder, the scientific results of our age lead sci-
ence and theology to meet at a common truth. This is the truth of
Creation. Science is now re-discovering this truth that divine reli-
gions have actually taught to humanity for millennia.
LLaawwhh MMaahhffuuzz ((TThhee PPrreesseerrvveedd TTaabblleett))
So far, we have looked at science's conclusions about the universe
and the origin of living things. The conclusion is that the entire uni-
verse and life itself were created using a blueprint of magnificent in-
formation that existed before.
This conclusion reached by modern science is strikingly in agree-
ment with a secret that was laid out in the Qur'an some 14 centuries
ago. In the Qur'an, a book sent to people as a guide, God announced
that the Lawh Mahfuz (the Preserved Tablet) existed before the cre-
ation of the universe and that it furthermore explained all creation
and events in the universe.
The Lawh Mahfuz was "guarded" (mahfuz) so the things written
there were not changed or spoiled. In the Qur'an, this is called
"Ommu al-Kitabi" (The Mother of the Book), "Kitabun Hafeethun" (All-
Preserving Book), "Kitabin Maknoonin" (Well-Protected Book) or just
the book. It is also called Kitabin min Qabli (The Book of Decrees)
since it also tells of the events that humanity will face.
In many verses, God tells about the characteristics of the Lawh
Mahfuz. First of all, there is nothing missing from this book:
The keys of the Unseen are in His possession. No one knows
them but Him. He knows everything in the land and sea. No
leaf falls without His knowing it. There is no seed in the dark-
ness of the earth, and nothing moist or dry which is not in a
Clear Book. (Qur'an, 6: 59)

7700
ARTICLES -I-
One verse says that all life in the world is recorded in the Lawh
Mahfuz:
There is no creature crawling on the earth or flying creature,
flying on its wings, who are not communities just like your-
selves—We have not omitted anything from the Book—then
they will be gathered to their Lord. (Qur'an, 6: 38)
In another verse, it is stated that "on earth and in the heavens," in
the entire universe, all creatures and things, including the smallest
speck, are known by God and recorded in the Lawh Mahfuz:
You do not engage in any matter or recite any of the Qur'an or
do any action without Our witnessing you while you are occu-
pied with it. Not even the smallest speck eludes your Lord, ei-
ther on earth or in heaven. Nor is there anything smaller than
that, or larger, which is not in a Clear Book. (Qur'an, 10: 61)
All information concerning humanity is in the Lawh Mahfuz,
and this includes the genetic code of all people and their destinies:
Nonetheless they are amazed that a warner should have come
to them from among themselves and those who disbelieve say,
"What an extraordinary thing! When we are dead and turned to
dust . . . ? That would be a most unlikely return!" We know ex-
actly how the earth eats them away. We possess an all-preserv-
ing Book. (Qur'an, 50: 2-4)
The following verse states that God's words in the Lawh Mahfuz
are endless, and this is explained through an example:
If all the trees on earth were pens and all the sea, with
seven more seas besides, was ink God's words still
would not run dry. God is Almighty, All-Wise.
(Qur'an, 31: 27)
CCoonncclluussiioonn
The facts that we explored in
this article prove yet again that
the findings of modern science
confirm what religion

7711
teaches to people. The materialist dogmatism that has been im-
posed on science is in fact rejected by science itself.
The conclusions of modern science about information serve to
objectively demonstrate who is right in a dispute that has been
raging for thousands of years. This dispute has been waged be-
tween materialist thought and religion. Materialist thought claims
that matter is without beginning and that nothing existed before
matter. Religion, on the other hand, states that God existed before
matter, and that matter is created and ruled by God's endless
knowledge.
The fact that this truth, which has been taught by divine reli-
gions—like Judaism, Christianity and Islam—since the dawn of
history, has been proved by the findings of science, is an indication
of the impending post-atheist age. Humanity is getting closer to
realizing that God truly exists and He is the "All-Knowing." Just as
reminded to people in the following verse of the Holy Qur'an:
Do you not know that God knows everything in heaven and
earth? That is in a Book. That is easy for God. (Qur'an, 22: 70)
1. George C. Williams, The Third Culture: Beyond the Scientific Revolution,
(ed. John Brockman). New York, Simon & Schuster, 1995, pp. 42-43
2. Stephen Meyer, "Why Can't Biological Information Originate
Through a Materialistic Process", Unlocking the Mystery of Life, DVD,
Produced by Illustra Media, 2002
3. Phillip Johnson, The Wedge of Truth: Splitting the Foundations of
Naturalism, Intervarsity Press, Illinois, 2000, p. 123
4. Werner Gitt, In the Beginning Was Information, CLV, Bielefeld,
Germany, pp. 107, 141
5. Gerald Schroeder, The Hidden Face of God, Touchstone, New York,
2001, p. xi

7722
We have created
all things accord-
ing to a fixed decree.
(Surat al-Qamar: 49)
s is stated in the
verse above,
Allah the
Almighty or-
dained every-
thing. For Allah, Who needs
only to command "Be" and it
is, has not only ordained the
fate of people, but also of all
beings. Those who truly believe
in this absolute truth uncondi-
tionally submit to the destiny
Allah has ordained for them with
His infinite wisdom. Either willingly
or unwillingly, everything is under
Allah's control and is subject to Him.

7733
Everything Is Part Of Your Destiny
However, people hold many errant opinions
about fate. These opinions, mainly inspired by var-
ious deviant outlooks, are voiced without giving much
thought to them. Moreover, they ignore that this is
something that displeases Allah. They do not avoid using
common catch phrases, lyrics or poems that imply a rejec-
tion of destiny. Evidencing this flawed understanding,
nonsense phrases such as "to overcome destiny" or "to change
destiny" come about. People who believe such notions consider
their expectations and aspirations as "destiny," and, in their failure
to realize that these are mere expectations, they assume that destiny
has failed to proceed as ordained and thus been altered. Such irra-
tional reasoning is typical of those who fail to have a true grasp of
destiny.
Destiny is Allah's creation and infinite knowledge of all events, ei-
ther past or future. Allah creates time and space from nothing, keeps
them under His control, and is not Himself bound by them. Moment
by moment, every detail of everything that occurs, or has or will
occur, are predetermined in the sight of Allah.
Allah creates time and thus is not bound by it. Therefore, He does
not merely watch what is happening and wait to see their conse-
quences. In His sight, the beginning and conclusion of every event,
and its respective position on the timeline of eternity, is known.
Everything is determined and comprised in destiny. Therefore, man
lacks the power to make any changes to it. Conversely, destiny is a
decisive efficient factor over man. Every moment of his life is bound
within it. A person cannot even step out of the boundaries of fate, let
alone change it. This is similar to the case of an actor, who slips out-
side of a video-cassette, acquiring a separate existence to make dele-
tions or additions to the scenes of the film in which he is an actor.
This is certainly an illogical and impossible situation to expect.
Evidently, phrases such as "overcoming destiny " or "changing the
course of destiny" are but fallacies. A person who says he has
changed his destiny is actually uttering something he was destined
to say.

7744
ARTICLES -I-
For example, there may not be a ray of hope that a patient be re-
stored to health. But, his unexpected recovery would neither mean
that he overcame his fate, nor that it had been changed by his doc-
tors. It just reveals that the time determined for him was not yet
due. Like everything, this is, too, determined in the sight of Allah
and a part of destiny:
... And no living thing lives long or has its life cut short without
that being in a Book. That is easy for Allah. (Surah Fatir: 11)
No self can die except with Allah's permission, at a predeter-
mined time... (Surah Al 'Imran: 145)
Being bound by time and space, it is unlikely for us to have a full
grasp of fate because Allah creates us and our destinies, and He is
unbounded by anything. Whatever happens to you, believe that
Allah is entirely unbounded by time and space.
There is yet another fact you need to keep in mind: Allah plans

7766
ARTICLES -I-
all events in a way to benefit the religion and believers. This being
the case, a person of faith always shows deference to the events he
encounters. Forgetting or ignoring the fact that Allah ordains all sit-
uations in life is the greatest harm one can ever do to oneself; bring-
ing nothing but deep distress. In any case, whether one
acknowledges this fact or not, it does not change what is predes-
tined for him; ultimately the course of all affairs is predetermined by
fate:
Nothing occurs, either in the earth or in yourselves, without its
being in a Book before We make it happen. That is something
easy for Allah. (Surat al-Hadid: 22)
As is also evident from this verse, whatever happens to someone
is definitely predestined, and whether one believes in it or not does
not alter this fact. All affairs taking place on the face of this earth, in-
cluding the birth and death of every person, occurs by Allah's Will at
just the predetermined time—not a moment before or later.
It is He Who created you from clay and then decreed a fixed
term, and another fixed term is specified with Him... (Surat al-
An'am: 2)
Since nothing happens either on earth or within people's souls
without Allah's Will, always putting one's trust in Allah is a disposi-
tion that Allah demands from His servants. Also, this is what man is
inherently inclined to:
Say: "Nothing can happen to us except what Allah has ordained
for us. He is Our Master. It is in Allah that the believers should
put their trust." (Surat at-Tawba: 51)
As Allah states in the verse "... We test you with both good and
evil as a trial. And you will be returned to Us." (Surat al-Anbiya':
35), He puts believers to test in a number of ways. To this end, be-
sides things that they deem good, other things that seem harmful to
believers happen to them. Since everything is created by Allah's
Will, they always yield the best results:
... It may be that you hate something when it is good for you and
it may be that you love something when it is bad for you. Allah
knows and you do not know. (Surat al-Baqara: 216)

7777
Everything Is Part Of Your Destiny
Those who have faith in Allah and follow His path always enjoy
the security and peace of mind of being submissive to destiny.
Nothing frightens or distresses a person who submits himself to his
destiny. Allah will grant His believing servants a good life both in
this world and beyond, and keep them under His protection as long
as they seek His pleasure. However, Allah may not always reveal the
good of something that happens in this world. Yet, it remains that
which may be seemingly adverse may lead a believer attain a better
reward in the hereafter. A believer who is seriously ill, for instance,
does not feel grief for what he experiences. On the contrary, he sees
his disease as a way to get nearer to his Lord. The most important
thing to remember is that Allah plans all events to protect His true
servants and to enable them to earn Paradise.
My Protector is Allah Who sent down the Book. He takes care of
the true believers. (Surat al-A'raf: 196)
Those who never forget that there is a divine purpose in whatever
happens to them feel the nearness of Allah's company in every step
they take. Wherever they are, or whatever they are doing, they never

7788
ARTICLES -I-
forget that Allah knows it all very well.
Therefore, never forget that everything, past and future, in all its
detail, is recorded in Allah's sight, that nothing happens to man ex-
cept for what Allah wills, that Allah is knowledgeable about our ac-
tions wherever we are or whatever we are doing, and that we are all
bound within the destiny ordained for us.

8800
... A Light has come to you from God and a Clear Book. By
it, God guides those who follow what pleases Him to the ways of
Peace. He will bring them from the darkness to the light by His
permission, and guide them to a straight path.
(Qur'an, 5:15-16)
he important difference between a wise person and
an intelligent person is often missed. This is a criti-
cal error. The word "intelligence" is generally used in our society to
refer to the quality of mere mental acuity, and is very different from
wisdom.
Wisdom is the quality of a believer who has the ability to recog-
nise the subtle signs of God in everything that He has created, al-
lowing him to understand the world around him. But, any attempt
to consider these things, that relies only on the brain's ability to cal-
culate cause and effect, is bound to end in a mechanistic and narrow
perception of reality. Intelligence is a quality of a believer who has a
firm faith in God, and who lives his life in accordance with the
teaching found in the verses of the Qu'ran. Intelligence is a physical
characteristic possessed by all individuals in varying degrees, but
wisdom is a quality that belongs only to believers. Those who do
not have faith also are not possessed of the "virtue" of wisdom.
Wisdom allows a believer to properly employ his mental abili-
ties, judgement, and logic, thus making the best use of his virtues.

8811
The True Wisdom That Comes From Faith
An individual without wisdom, no matter how intelligent he may be,
is bound at some point to veer into faulty thinking or into bad judge-
ment. If we examine unbelieving philosophers throughout the course
of history, we will recognise that they have put forward different and
sometimes even diametrically opposed views on the very same sub-
ject. Despite the fact that they were people of high intelligence, they
had no faith; and because they had no faith, they also were not suffi-
ciently wise and were therefore incapable of arriving at the truth.
Some of them, indeed, drew humanity into numberless errors. We
can find several such examples in recent history: Many philosophers,
ideologues, and statesmen, such as Marx, Engels, Lenin, Trotsky, de-
spite the fact that they were very intelligent, caused disaster to fall
upon millions of people, because they were unable to use their minds
effectively. Wisdom, however, assures peace, well-being, and happi-
ness, and shows the way to attain them.

8833
The True Wisdom That Comes From Faith
Intelligence makes it possible for us, among other things, to think,
form perceptions, focus our attention, and engage in practical activ-
ities. But, in addition to all these, a wise person also possesses a
deep understanding unattainable by mere intelligence, and by
means of which he is able to distinguish between truth and false-
hood. Therefore, a wise person possesses insight far superior to that
of an intelligent person.
The source of wisdom, as we said before, is a deep-seated faith
and fear of God. Those who fear God, heed His commandments and
proscriptions, become naturally possessed of this superior insight
as a blessing from God. But, though this virtue is easily acquired,
very few are endowed of wisdom. This condition, that God makes
known in the Qu'ran, saying, "Most of them do not use their rea-
son." (Qur'an, 5:103), arises from the fact that most people do not
have the proper faith, having left no room for the Qu'ran in their
lives.
The wisdom that God has granted to those who fear Him, and
who live their lives in conformity with the Qu'ran, renders the de-
vout believer superior to the unbeliever in many ways. The basic
components of this wisdom are the believer's knowledge that God
controls all things all the time, his consciousness of the fact that
everything in its every detail comes into being according to the fate
which God has predetermined, and his awareness that he is with
God at every moment. In addition, wisdom makes it possible for the
believer to adapt himself easily to changing conditions and situa-
tions.
The keenness of the believers' insight and understanding, their
attentiveness and awareness, their superior analytical ability, good
morals, strong character, and their wisdom in word and action, are
all natural products of their wisdom.
Consider if the extraordinary characteristics belonging to an indi-
vidual were to belong to society as a whole. Think of the benefits in-
curring to a society formed of individuals who use their minds in
every thing they say, in every action they take, in every decision

8844
they make, and in every problem they undertake to solve; think of
the kind of environment that would exist in a society formed of
wise individuals... Indeed, we all need people of wisdom around to
ensure our comfort, health, security, and peace of mind.
Furthermore, the existence of wise individuals is indispensable in
order to prevent chaos, confusion and anarchy, and to discover so-
lutions to the problems from which these things arise. Taking these
matters into consideration, it is clear that the key to every problem
is the recognition of a need tempered with wisdom.
Undoubtedly, wisdom is the most important quality a person can
have. With it, he brings benefit to others more than anyone else, be-
cause, by the morality that faith instils, there is no greater aim for
him than to gain the approval of God. Throughout his life, such a
person displays the qualities of the true believer as described in the
Qu'ran: he protects the oppressed, he cares for the homeless, the
lonely, and the needy, he feels responsibility for the fair application
of justice and will not tolerate anyone going hungry. His wisdom
allows him to apply what he has learned from the Qu'ran in his
own life, and to develop a conscientious sense of social responsibil-
ity. We all seek such people, who use their minds to find solutions
to problems, to apply the appropriate measures, in giving advice
and recommendations, and who show wisdom in what they say
and in what they write. Therefore, there is much benefit to be
gained from the words and actions of such a person.
Once we recognise the importance of wisdom, it is not difficult to
realise the seriousness of the danger posed by its opposite. This
danger is a threat to both individuals and to society in general.

8855
Allah charges everyone with obeying the prophets He has sent.
These messengers were blessed men who abided by Allah's com-
mands, communicated His revelations, represented the human
model most pleasing to Allah by means of their words and actions,
in short by their whole manner of living. Allah reveals in the Qur'an
that those who abide by His messengers will be saved. For that rea-
son, obedience to the Prophet (saas) is an obligation of the very
greatest importance. Allah reveals the importance of obedience in
the Qur'an:
We sent no messenger except to be obeyed by Allah's permis-
sion. If only when they wronged themselves they had come to
you and asked Allah's forgiveness and the Messenger had
asked forgiveness for them they would have found Allah Ever-
Returning, Most Merciful. (Surat an-Nisa': 64)
Whoever obeys Allah and the Messenger will be with those
whom Allah has blessed: the prophets and steadfast affirmers
of truth, the martyrs and righteous. What excellent company
such people are! (Surat an-Nisa': 69)
In several verses of the Qur'an, Allah states that those who obey
His messengers are in truth obeying Allah. Those who rebel against
these messengers, on the other hand, rebel against Allah. Some of
these verses are:

8877
He Who Obeys The Prophet (SAAS) Also Obeys Allah
Whoever obeys the Messenger has obeyed Allah. If anyone
turns away, we did not send you to them as their keeper. (Surat
an-Nisa': 80)
Those who pledge you their allegiance pledge allegiance to
Allah. Allah's hand is over their hands. He who breaks his
pledge only breaks it against himself. But as for him who fulfils
the contract he has made with Allah, We will pay him an im-
mense reward. (Surat al-Fath: 10)
The Prophet (saas) has also stressed the importance of obedience
in the hadiths:
"Whoever obeys me, obeys Allah, and whoever disobeys me, disobeys
Allah, and whoever obeys the ruler I appoint, obeys me, and whoever dis-
obeys him, disobeys me." (Sahih Bukhari)
In the Qur'an, Allah describes the Prophet (saas) as a protector and
guide for the faithful. Muslims, therefore, referred to him in all mat-
ters, and sought his permission and opinion before engaging in any-
thing. On subjects they were unable to agree upon among
themselves, though even on matters they were able to solve by
themselves, or when they received news concerning the security,
health or economy of the community of the faithful, they immedi-
ately took them to the Prophet (saas) and abided by the sure and
trustworthy advice or solution he recommended.
This is a most important aspect of morality that Allah commanded
in the Qur'an. In one verse, for instance, He orders all news to be for-
warded to the Prophet (saas) or those representing him. The verse
reads:
When news of any matter reaches them they spread it about,
whether it is of a reassuring or disquieting nature. If they had
only referred it to the Messenger and those in command among
them, those among them able to discern the truth about it would
have had proper knowledge of it. If it were not for Allah's favor
to you and His mercy, all but a very few of you would have fol-
lowed Satan. (Surat an-Nisa': 83)
That, of course, is a most beneficial and wise command. For one

8888
ARTICLES -I-
thing, Allah had guaranteed each order and rule of the Prophet
(saas). Furthermore, the Prophet (saas) was the wisest and cleverest
member of the community of the faithful. Usually, most look to con-
sult the most intelligent person and the one who best obeys his con-
science, that is, the person they trust the most in any matter, in order
to establish a decision.
As well as all these characteristics of the Prophet (saas), another
wisdom in all news being gathered together in one person is that
this will provide the best and most intelligent response because all
the aspects of the event will be known by one person. In another
verse, Allah commands the faithful to make the Prophet (saas) their
judge in any disagreements between them. It is a command from
Allah that all such disagreements should be taken to the Prophet
(saas) at once, and that is therefore the most fitting course of action
in terms of reason, morality and conscience. It is also most impor-
tant to obey the rules set out by the Prophet (saas), with all one's
heart and with no reservations. Even if his decision conflicts with
the interests of an individual, true believers will feel no doubts at all,
and will immediately obey the command of the Prophet (saas).
Some hypocritical people, or people whose faith is weak, have
failed to realize that Allah assured the decisions of the Prophet
(saas) and opposed informing him of every situation, thus causing
dissension. Allah describes the condition of such people in the
Qur'an:
Among them are some who insult the Prophet, saying he is only
an ear [only a hearer]. Say, "An ear of good for you, believing in
Allah and believing in the believers, and a mercy for those
among you who believe." As for those who insult the
Messenger of Allah, they will have a painful punishment.
Since these people failed to grasp the essence of faith, and were
unable to appreciate the merit of the Prophet (saas), they adopted
the wrong approach with regards to informing him about every
matter. The ignorant are unable to use what they know for beneficial

8899
He Who Obeys The Prophet (SAAS) Also Obeys Allah
ends, for the good and security of mankind. They use it for gossip
and to try to spread dissension, to turn people against one another
and to plot against them. The Prophet (saas), however, used all the
information that was brought to him for the peace, security and
health of Muslims and other groups under his protection, to avoid
possible dangers and to thwart plots against believers. Identifying
those whose faith was weak, he took measures to strengthen that
faith, and prevented anything that might have weakened the faithful
or damaged their morale. He brought in measures that would bring
them good and lead to desirable outcomes. That is why Allah refers
to him as "an ear of good" in one verse. All of the Prophet (saas)'s
words, decisions and measures have led to good and positive results
for believers as well as mankind.

9900
hroughout the period of his mission, the Prophet
Muhammad (saas) experienced all manner of dif-
ficulty. Deniers and polytheists, from among his
own people, insulted him most terribly, even call-
ing him a magician or a madman. Others wanted to kill him and even
schemed to do so. Despite all that, the Prophet (saas) tried to teach
people of all backgrounds and cultures about the Qur'an, and there-
fore about proper morality and good behavior.
As Allah revealed in the verses of the Qur'an, some people had not
the slightest idea of the basics of good manners, for which reason it
never entered their minds that they might appall someone who pos-
sessed superior morality. The Prophet (saas) displayed the greatest pa-
tience in this circumstances, turning toAllah and asking for His help in
all situations and encouraging believers to patience and submission.
In many verses in the Qur'an, Allah advises the Prophet (saas) to
be patient despite the words of unbelievers:
So be patient in the face of what they say and glorify your Lord
with praise before the rising of the sun and before it sets.
(Surah Qaf: 39)
Do not be grieved by what they say. All might belongs to Allah.
He is the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing. (Surah Yunus: 65)
We know that your breast is constricted by what they say.
(Surat al-Hijr: 97)
Perhaps you are leaving aside part of what has been revealed to

9911
The Prophet's (SAAS) Patience
you and your breast is constricted by this because they say,
"Why has treasure not been sent down to him or an angel not ac-
companied him?" You are only a warner and Allah is Guardian
over all things. (Surah Hud: 12)
Believers must remember the kind of things Allah's Messenger
(saas) was patient for, and take him as a model when dealing with
their own difficulties. Those who despair at the slightest problem,
who are unable to bear the smallest objection, who stop preaching
the religion of Allah, or who lose hope when their business dealings
go wrong, must be aware that such behavior is incompatible with
Allah's holy book and the sayings and deeds of the Prophet (saas).
Believers must always be patient, take Allah as their helper and give
thanks to Him, adopt the superior morality of the Prophet (saas),
and hope for the mercy, compassion and Paradise of our Lord.
There were people with varying characters and ideas that sur-
rounded the Prophet (saas). Throughout his life, however, he
showed an interest in each and every one, warned them about their
mistakes and failings, and tried to educate them in all matters, from
cleanliness to matters of faith. That compassionate, tolerant, under-
standing and patient attitude of his was the means by which many
peoples' hearts warmed to Islam and developed a genuine love for
the Prophet (saas). Allah describes this pleasing attitude adopted by
the Prophet (saas) towards those around him in the Qur'an:
It is a mercy from Allah that you were gentle with them. If you
had been rough or hard of heart, they would have scattered
from around you. So pardon them and ask forgiveness for
them… (Surah Al 'Imran: 159)
In another verse, Allah told the Prophet (saas) how he should be-
have towards those around him:
We know best what they say. You are not a dictator over them.
So remind, with the Qur'an, whoever fears My Threat. (Surah
Qaf: 45)
The Prophet (saas) never pressured those around him to accept
the religion, nor imposed conditions on them. Instead he always used
the pleasantest ways to tell them about it.
He always supported the community of the faithful with his strong

9933
The Prophet's (SAAS) Patience
conscience, and was a benefactor to them at all times. On account of these
traits, the Prophet (saas) is described in many verses as "your compan-
ion." (Surah Saba': 46: Surat an-Najm: 2, Surat at-Takwir: 22).
Those believers who were able to comprehend the conscientiousness
of the Prophet (saas) regarded him as closer to them than all others, and
humbled themselves towards him. In one verse, Allah states:
The Prophet has closer ties to the believers than their own selves,
and his wives are their mothers… (Surat al-Ahzab: 6)
Imam Ghazali, the great Islamic scholar, summed up the Prophet
(saas)'s treatment of those around him in light of the information found
in the hadiths:
"... Everyone thought that the Prophet honoured him more. Whoever came to
him could see his face.
... He used to call his companions by their surnames with honour and he used
to give one surname who had no surname.
... He was very affectionate and kind in dealing with the people.
... Nobody could speak loudly in his assembly."
The Prophet (saas)'s human love, kind thought and compassion,
which turned those around him to true religion and warmed their
hearts to faith, is that superior morality which all Muslims should
seek to reproduce.

9944
here are several verses in the Qur'an that relate to us
of believers as the guardians of one another. The fol-
lowing is one of them:
And (as for) the believing men and the believing
women, they are guardians of each other. They command what
is right and forbid what is wrong, and establish prayer and pay
alms, and obey Allah and His Messenger. They are the people
on whom Allah will have mercy. Allah is Almighty, All-Wise.
The word "guardian" means intimate, protector, helper and sup-
porter. In this sense, believers, honest, sincere and conscientious
people with high moral values, should support each other, and be
helpers and protectors of one another. Our Beloved Prophet (pbuh)
also stated this in his following saying:
A believer is a mirror to another believer. A believer is a brother to an-
other believer. He saves him from losses. He safeguards his interests in
his absence. (Hadith of Abu Dawud, On the Authority of Abu
Hurayrah)
The stories related in the Qur'an about the prophets provide
many examples about this practice. Moses, for instance, killed a man
by mistake when he sided with a man who was in trouble. Then, he
had to run away from the city to save himself from the cruelty of the

9966
ARTICLES -I-
Pharaoh and the leaders of the city. This is related in the verses as fol-
lows:
A man came running from the furthest part of the city, saying,
'Moses, the Council are conspiring to kill you, so leave! I am some-
one who brings you good advice.' So he left there fearful and on
his guard, saying, 'My Lord, rescue me from the people of the
wrongdoers!' (Surat al-Qasas: 20-21)
The Prophet Moses (as) managed to leave the city through a man
who helped him as a favour to him. He then reached a watering
place in the land of Madyan and helped two women who kept back
their flocks because they did not want to mix with the shepherds
near the water. Upon their return home, the women mentioned to
their father, the Prophet Shu'ayb (as), the help Moses had offered
them. Upon this, Prophet Shu'ayb (as) invited prophet Moses to his
home. This is revealed in the verses as follows:
One of them came walking shyly up to him and said, 'My father
invites you so that he can pay you your wage for drawing water
for us.' When he came to him and told him the whole story he
said, 'Have no fear, you have escaped from wrongdoing people.'
(Surat al-Qasas: 25)
Because Prophet Shu'ayb (as) recognized the inherent goodness
and trustworthiness of the Prophet Moses (as), he helped him in his
difficult time and allowed him to stay in his household and to work
for him. Shu'ayb's manner sets an example for the good in protecting
and guarding other good people who encounter hardship. Unless
the good offer help and support to one another in times of adversity,
then they will leave each another alone and unable to defend them-
selves against the cruel people. In a verse of the Qur'an, Allah com-
manded our Prophet (pbuh): "...take the believers who follow you
under your wing" (Surat ash-Shu'ara': 215). Taking believers under
one's wing, protecting them against dangers and difficulties is a
command of our Lord, and also a Sunnah of our Prophet to follow.
Unity, cooperation, solidarity, friendship, self-sacrifice, support,
and similar other qualities are some of the beautiful attributes which
are the underlying foundation of the Qur'anic morality. This is stated

9977
The Believers Are The Guardians Of One Another
in many sayings of Our Prophet (pbuh). One of them reads:
'Believers are like the different parts of a building, each one supporting
the other.' Then he demonstrated what he meant by interlocking his fin-
gers. (Hadith of Al-Bukhari and Muslim)
The religion of Islam ensures the establishment of a better world
where there is love, peace, tolerance and understanding to one an-
other. Societies possessing these features experience rapid develop-
ment and achieve greater power. Once unity and cooperation are
attained, individuals of such a society could channel their strength
and energy towards goodness and good deeds rather than into dis-
putes, fights, conflicts and wars. Essentially, a cause to which people
commit themselves and devote all their effort, power, zeal and sup-
port, both material and spiritual, results in an ultimate success and
beauty. What is more important is that Allah gives glad tidings that
individuals working in unity and solidarity for good will receive
Allah's help, support and power. In the Qur'an He says:
Allah has promised those of you who believe and do right ac-
tions that He will make them successors in the land as He made
those before them successors, and will firmly establish for
them their religion with which He is pleased and give them, in
place of their fear, security. 'They worship Me, not associating
anything with Me.' Any who are disbelieving after that, such
people are deviators. (Surat an-Nur: 55)

Materialism can no longer claim
to be a scientific philosophy.
Arthur Koestler, 20th-Century British Social Philosopher
(Arthur Koestler, Janus: A Summing Up, New York: Vintage Books,
1978, p. 250.)
ow did the endless universe we live in come into
being? How did the equilibrium, harmony, and
order of this universe develop? How is it that this
Earth is such a fit and sheltering place for us to live in?
Questions such as these have attracted attention since the dawn
of the human race. The conclusion reached by scientists and
philosophers searching for answers with their intellects and com-
mon sense is that the design and order of this universe are evi-
dence of the existence of a supreme Creator ruling over the whole
universe.
This is an indisputable truth that we may reach by using our in-
telligence. Allah declares this reality in His holy book, the Qur'an,
which He inspired as a guide for humanity fourteen centuries
ago. He states that He has created the universe when it was not,
for a particular purpose, and with all its systems and balances
specifically designed for human life.
Allah invites people to consider this truth in the following
verse:

110000
Are you stronger in structure or is heaven? He built it. He raised
its vault high and made it level. He darkened its night and
brought forth its morning light. After that He smoothed out the
earth… (Surat an Naziat: 27-30)
Elsewhere it is declared in the Qur'an that a person should see
and consider all the systems and balances in the universe that Allah
has created for him and derive a lesson from his observations:
He has made night and day subservient to you, and the sun and
moon and stars, all subject to His command. There is certainly
Signs in that for people who pay heed. (Surat an-Nahl: 12)
In yet another verse of the Qur'an, it is pointed out:
He makes night merge into day and day merge into night, and
He has made the sun and moon subservient, each one running
until a specified time. That is Allah, your Lord. The Kingdom is
His. Those you call on besides Him have no power over even
the smallest speck.(Surah Fatir: 13)
This plain truth declared by the Qur'an is also confirmed by a
number of the important founders of the modern science of astron-
omy. Galileo, Kepler, and Newton all recognised that God created
the structure of universe, the design of the solar system, the laws of
physics and their states of equilibrium and they arrived at that con-
clusion as a result of their own research and observations.
Galileo GalileiIsaac NewtonJohannes Kepler

MMaatteerriiaalliissmm:: AA 1199tthh--CCeennttuurryy FFaallllaaccyy
The reality of the creation of which we speak has been ignored or
denied since the earliest times by a particular philosophical point of
view. It is called "materialism". This philosophy, which was origi-
nally formulated among the ancient Greeks, has also made an ap-
pearance from time to time in other cultures and has been advanced
by individuals as well. It holds that matter alone exists and that it
has done so for an infinity of time. From these tenets, it claims that
the universe has also "always" existed and was not created.
In addition to their claim that the universe exists in an infinity of
time, materialists also assert that there is no purpose or aim in the
universe. They claim that all the equilibrium, harmony and order
that we see around us are merely the product of coincidence. This
"coincidence assertion" is also put forward when the question of
how human beings came into being comes up. The theory of evolu-
tion, widely referred to as Darwinism, is another application of ma-
terialism to the natural world.
We just mentioned that some of the founders of modern science
were faithful people who were in agreement that God created and
organised the universe. In the 19th century, an important change
took place in the attitudes of the scientific world with respect to this
matter. Materialism was deliberately introduced to the agenda of
modern science by various groups. Because the 19th century's polit-
ical and social conditions formed a good basis for materialism, the
philosophy gained wide acceptance and spread throughout the sci-
entific world.
The findings of modern science however undeniably demon-
strate how false the claims of materialism really are.
TThhee FFiinnddiinnggss OOff 2200tthh--CCeennttuurryy SScciieennccee
Let us recall the two assertions of materialism about the universe:
The universe exists in infinite time and, because it has no begin-
ning or end, it was not created.
Everything in this universe is merely the result of chance and not
The Scientific Collapse Of Materialism
110011

the product of any intentional design, plan, or vision.
Those two notions were boldly advanced and ardently defended
by 19th-century materialists, who of course had no recourse other
than to depend upon the limited and unsophisticated scientific
knowledge of their day. Both have been utterly refuted by the dis-
coveries of 20th-century science.
The first to be laid in the grave was the notion of the universe ex-
isting in infinite time. Since the 1920s, there has been mounting evi-
dence this cannot be true. Scientists are now certain that the
universe came into being from nothingness as the result of an
unimaginably huge explosion, known as the "Big Bang". In other
words, the universe came into being–or rather, Allah created it.
The 20th century has also witnessed the demolition of the second
claim of materialism: that everything in the universe is the result of
chance and not design. Research conducted since the 1960s consis-
tently demonstrates that all the physical equilibriums of the uni-
verse in general and of our world in particularly are intricately
designed to make life possible. As this research deepened, it was
discovered each and every one of the laws of physics, chemistry,
and biology, of the fundamental forces such as gravity and electro-
magnetism, and of the details of the structure of atoms and the ele-
ments of the universe has been precisely tailored so that human
beings may live. Scientists today call this extraordinary design the
"anthropic principle". This is the principle that every detail in the
universe has been carefully arranged to make human life possible.
To sum up, the philosophy called materialism has been utterly
refuted by modern science. From its position as the dominant scien-
tific view of the 19th century, materialism collapsed into fiction in
the 20th.
How could it have been otherwise? As Allah indicates "We did
not create heaven and earth and everything between them to no
purpose. That is the opinion of those who are disbelievers."
ARTICLES -I-
110022

(Surah Sad: 27) it is wrong to suppose that the universe was created
in vain. A philosophy so utterly flawed as materialism and systems
based on it were doomed to failure from the very beginning.
The Scientific Collapse Of Materialism
110033
Scientists are certain that the universe came into being from
nothingness as the result of an unimaginably huge explosion,
known as the "Big Bang". In other words, Allah created the universe.

110044
hen the theory of evolution was first advanced
by Charles Darwin in the middle of the 19th cen-
tury, it was not taken so seriously. The ideologi-
cal meaning of the theory, however, caused it to become
wide-spread in a short time. This ideological meaning lied with the
theory of evolution coming forth as an alternative to the belief of
creation, which constitutes the essence of all divine religions.
Atheist, materialist and positivist movements immediately claimed
ownership of Darwin's theory and began to use it as a propaganda
tool against the religious beliefs. It was discovered in the 20th cen-
tury that the theory is in fact a complete fallacy and is not based on
any scientific evidence. The evolutionist propaganda, however, did
not cease.
TThhee BBiirrtthh OOff DDaarrwwiinniissmm
Darwinism originated with the book of Charles Darwin, an ama-
teur biologist, titled The Origin of Species published in 1859. In this
book, which he defined as a "long argument", Darwin argued that
all living species have a common ancestor and they evolved from
one another by means of natural selection.
Darwin argued that, by natural selection, only the individuals
that adapted to the habitat in the best way transferred their qualities
to subsequent generations. These advantageous qualities accumulated

in time and transformed the individ-
ual into a species totally different
from its ancestors. Man was the most
developed outcome of this mecha-
nism. Darwin thought he had found
the "origin of species": the origin of
one species was another species.
However, Darwin was unaware
of the science of genetics when he
advanced his theory.
While the echoes of Darwin's
book reverberated, an Austrian
botanist by the name of Mendel dis-
covered the laws of inheritance in
1865. Not much heard of until the
end of the century, Mendel's discovery gained great importance in the
early 1900s. In the first quarter of the 20th century, the structure of the
genes and the chromosomes was discovered.
These developments were in fact refuting Darwin's "long argu-
ment". Nevertheless, those who were determined to follow Darwin
somehow revised the theory of evolution, which fell out of favor be-
cause of the science of genetics. Consequently "The Modern Synthetic
Evolution Theory" was put forward in 1940. According to this theory,
the cause of the variations in Darwin's theory, in other words, the
power that supposedly caused living organisms to evolve, was "mu-
tations".
This neo-Darwinism, however, was not enough to save the theory
of evolution. Each development in genetics dealt new blows to
Darwinism and neo-Darwinism. The discovery, in the 1950s, of the
structure of the DNA molecule that incorporates genetic information
threw the theory of evolution into a great crisis.
IMAGINARY MECHANISMS OF EVOLUTION
The Neo-Darwinist model argues that the origin of evolutionary
The Scientific Collapse Of The Theory Of Evolution
110055
Charles Darwin

modifications are random mutations that take place in the genetic
structure of living beings. The traits brought about by the favorable
mutations are selected by the mechanism of natural selection and
therefore the living things evolve. According to this model, as a result
of the accumulation of the beneficial features which bring advantages
to the living being in its habitat, these modifications, after a while, take
such a form that they can even cause the being to change in species.
The living being that undergoes evolution "promotes" from a certain
species to a more advanced species.
Therefore, the neo-Darwinist approach, which we shall take as the
"mainstream" theory of evolution today, puts forward two basic mech-
anisms to explain how living beings evolved: "natural selection" and
"mutation". Either mechanism, however, has the capacity to make a
living being evolve into another being.
DDooeess NNaattuurraall SSeelleeccttiioonn
HHaavvee EEvvoolluuttiioonnaarryy PPoowweerr??
According to the theory of evolution, the magical mechanism that
formed the first living beings, that brought together the first single-
celled organisms, that taught the eye to see, that developed organs
ARTICLES -I-
110066
Natural selection only selects out the disfigured, weak, or unfit indi-
viduals of a species. It cannot produce new species, new genetic infor-
mation, or new organs.

such as hand, foot, ear and kidney, that inspires birds to migrate to
thousands of kilometers away every year is natural selection. It is
absolutely impossible for a mechanism such as natural selection
that lacks consciousness and wisdom to accomplish all these things.
On the other hand, it is also scientifically established that natural se-
lection does not have the power to cause living beings to evolve and
to equip them with new features.
Natural selection holds that those living beings that are stronger
and more suited to the natural conditions of their habitats will pre-
vail. For example, in a zebra herd under the threat of lions, naturally
those that can run faster will survive. But survival of fast running
zebras will not transform these zebras into another living species,
for example into horses. Natural selection only selects out the dis-
figured, weak, or unfit individuals of a species. It cannot produce
new species, new genetic information, or new organs.
Stephen Jay Gould, Harvard paleontologist and a world-wide fa-
mous evolutionist, refers to this deadlock of natural selection as fol-
lows;
The essence of Darwinism lies in a single phrase: natural selec-
tion is the creative force of evolutionary change. No one denies
that natural selection will play a negative role in eliminating the
unfit. Darwinian theories require that it create the fit as well.1
However there has not been a
single shred of evidence observed
showing that natural selection
causes living beings to evolve.
Colin Patterson, a British paleontol-
ogist, who is also a prominent evo-
lutionist by the way, acknowledges
this fact as follows:
No one has ever produced a
species by mechanisms of natu-
ral selection. No one has ever got
near it and most of the current ar-
gument in neo-Darwinism is
110077
Stephen Jay Gould

about this question.2
WWhhyy CCaann''tt MMuuttaattiioonnss
CCaauussee AA LLiivviinngg BBeeiinngg
TToo EEvvoollvvee??
We have stated above that the neo-
Darwinist theory presented natural se-
lection and mutation as two
complementary mechanisms. After ex-
amining the invalidity of the first part of
this bilateral mechanism, that is natural
selection, we can now examine muta-
tions.
Mutations are defined as breaks or re-
placements taking place in the genetic
information. They affect the DNA mole-
cule, which is found in the nucleus of the
cell, and modify its structure.
When the structure of DNAis studied,
it is clearly understood that random ef-
fects can only cause harm to such a com-
plex mechanism. Consequently,
mutations do not have the ability to
cause a living being to make progress by
evolving. Researchers expert on this sub-
ject confirm this opinion. B.G.
Ranganathan states:
First, genuine mutations are very rare
in nature. Secondly, most mutations are harmful since they are ran-
dom, rather than orderly changes in the structure of genes; any ran-
dom change in a highly ordered system will be for the worse, not
for the better. For example, if an earthquake were to shake a highly
ordered structure such as a building, there would be a random
change in the framework of the building, which, in all probability,
would not be an improvement.3
ARTICLES -I-
110088
Mutations cannot trans-
form a living organism
into a more advanced
form and into another
creature. They only
cause harm to that being
or cause its death.

Mutations result in irreversible damages and the organism whose
genetic structure is modified, depending on the extent of the genetic
damage, undergoes changes that cannot be pre-estimated. If the dam-
age caused by the mutation has happened in the reproductive cells of
the organism, it is also transferred to the next generation. Eventually,
random mutations cannot transform a living organism into a more ad-
vanced form and into another creature. They only cause harm to that
being or cause its death.All hereditary diseases such as cancer, anemia,
and Down syndrome are the results of mutations.
THE DEADLOCK OF
INTERMEDIATE TRANSITIONAL FORMS
Despite all the researches conducted and all the expenditures made
in the last 150 years, no evidence to support the theory of evolution has
yet been uncovered. However, if evolution had really taken place, mil-
lions of evidence should have been found.
These "evidences" that the evolutionists should have found in mil-
lions are the fossils of beings called "intermediate transitional forms".
According to the evolutionary theory, living beings have evolved from
each other. For example, according to this claim, man evolved from
apes. Since this evolutionary period did not last only one day, but mil-
lions and even hundreds of millions of years, millions of half ape-half
man creatures should have existed. The same principle applies also to
transition from water to land or from land to air. Millions of half fish-
half reptile or half reptile-half bird creatures should have lived. These
"fantastic" creatures that allegedly display transformations in the evo-
lutionary process are called intermediate transitional forms.
If evolution had occurred, hundreds of thousands of these transi-
tional forms should have reached our day by being fossilised.
This is the deadlock of evolution: evolutionists have been making
feverish investigations in order to find the fossils of these transitional
links for more than a century, however there is not even a single trace
of the fore-mentioned transitional forms. Some confessions of the evo-
lutionists on the subject are very striking. For example, the famous na-
ture scientist A. H. Clark says, "Since we have not the slightest
110099

evidence, either among the living or the fossil animals, of any inter-
grading types following the major groups, it is a fair supposition that
there never have been any such intergrading types."4
After confessing that there is no such thing as transitional form,
Richard B. Goldschmidt, a well-known geneticist and evolutionist
goes on to accept that the species "emerged suddenly" by saying, "In
the fossil record, all present animal species emerge suddenly without
any known transitional forms."
Evolutionists also accept the meaning of the absence of transitional
forms. Living things emerged "suddenly" and it is evident that to
"emerge suddenly" means to be created.
The fact that living beings emerged "suddenly", that is the fact that
they were created, however, are unacceptable to evolutionists because
of "ideological" reasons. Although some scientists, whose statements
are quoted above, admit this, evolutionists in general do not accept the
fact that "no intermediate transitional forms exists".
EVOLUTION FIASCOS
There is only one thing the evolutionists do against the absence of
ARTICLES -I-
111100
Darwin asserted that "living beings evolved gradually." If this
were the case, then innumerable intermediate species should have
lived during the immense period of time when these transforma-
tions were supposedly occurring. Yet there was no trace of these
theoretical creatures in the fossil record.

transitional forms. They find fossils of some extinct species that lived
millions of years ago and claim that these fossils are "transitional
forms". These so-called transitional forms are presented to the whole
world as "great evidences to evolution". However, none of the several
living beings presented as transitional forms by the evolutionists bear
such a quality and this reality has been unveiled in the course of time.
FFoossssiill WWhhoossee ""LLiivviinngg"" PPrroottoottyyppee IIss FFoouunndd
For example a fish called Coelacanth (Rhipitistian Crossopterigian),
which was presented as an extinct living species that disappeared 70
million years ago and shown as the transitional form from water to
land by the evolutionists, was found alive in the coast of Madagaskar in
1939 to the great astonishment of the evolutionists. The same fish was
later caught nearly fifty times in the open seas and it was seen that its
111111
When they only had
fossils of coelacanths,
evolutionary paleon-
tologists put forward
a number Darwinist
assumptions regard-
ing them. When living
examples were found,
all these assumptions
were shattered.

inner ear alcoves, head typed
backbone, and swimming
pouch, which are the or-
gans which caused it to be
presented as a transi-
tional form, did not at
all carry qualities that
would cause the
being to be called as a
"transitional form".
Furthermore, this
fish, which was intro-
duced as "a reptile
candidate getting pre-
pared to pass from sea
to land", was in reality a
fish that lived in the depths
of the oceans.
IImmaaggiinnaarryy AAnncceessttoorr OOff BBiirrddss
The second living being presented as a great evidence by the evolu-
tionists was a 135 million year old fossil of a bird named Archaeopteryx.
Because of its claw-like organs on the edge of its wings, small teeth
and backbones in its tail, this animal was presented by the evolution-
ists to be a "transitional form from reptiles to birds". But in the follow-
ing years, a 225 million year old bird fossil was found in the Western
Texas desert in 1984 which refuted this claim. This animal called
Protoavis was a complete bird although it was 75 million years older
than Archaeopteryx which is claimed to be the "ancestor of birds".
Besides, the claw-like paws of Archeaopteryx, which caused it to be
designated as a transitional form, do not mean anything neither.
Today, a bird species living in South America called Opisthocomus
Hoatzin has similar paws.
These claims of the evolutionists definitely collapsed against the
ARTICLES -I-
111122
Archaeopteryx

fossil of Archaeopteryx found in 1997. In this fossil, the "sternum", that
is the chest bone, which is utterly peculiar to birds and enables flight
actually existed. This discovery invalidated the claims of evolutionists
that Archaeopteryx was a half-bird / half-dinosaur, but verified that it
was a flying bird in the real sense.
In addition to this, the fossil of a bird has been recently unearthed in
China, which lived in a much earlier period than Archaeopteryx and
had the complete features of a modern bird. According to the discov-
ery that was announced by famous scientific magazines such as
Science and Nature, this 220 million-year-old bird shared the same fea-
tures as today's birds. Even evolutionist publications announced this
discovery saying "The ancestor of birds proved to be a bird; not di-
nosaurs".
EVOLUTION FORGERIES
As evolutionists were unable to find even a single fossil to prove
evolution which they allege to have continued for millions of years,
they decided to produce them themselves. Through television, press
and textbooks, they deceived millions of people by producing false
evidence which they pretended to have acquired after a long research.
Here are some of these frauds:
1- Piltdown Man Fraud
A British researcher,
Charles Dawson came out
with an assertion that he had
found a jawbone with two
teeth and some cranial frag-
ments in South England in
1912. The jawbone was more
ape-like, and the skull was
like a man's. It was thought to
be an important evidence of
human evolution. Alleged to
be 500 thousand years old, the
111133
Piltdown Man

fossil was displayed in British Museum for 40 years.
It could be revealed only in 1949 that this was indeed a big evolution
forgery. In 1949, Kenneth Oakley from the museum's paleontology de-
partment tried the method of "fluorine testing", a new test used for de-
termining the date of some old fossils, on the jawbone and the skull.
The result was astounding. The jawbone had remained buried no more
than a few years. The skull was only a few thousand years old. This
showed that the fossils were unearthed from different locations, were
brought to Piltdown, and that the jawbone and the skull by no means
belonged to the same creature.
It was clearly a forgery. Moreover, it was determined that that the
primitive tools—alleged to be discovered with the fossils by C.
Dawson—were simple imitations that had been sharpened with steel
implements. The joints of the jawbone had been filed in order to con-
ceal the difference between the jawbone and the skull. The two teeth in
the jawbone had been worn down artificially.
Another forgery of Charles Dawson was to stain the fossils to give
them a dated appearance. In 1953 the researches of Le Gros Clark and
J.S. Weiner from theAnatomy Department of Oxford University, on the
skull and the jawbone revealed that the fossils had been artificially
stained with a chemical (potassium dichromate). These stains began to
disappear when dipped in acid.
In the chemical analysis made in 1953 to precisely date the bones,
scientists discovered that Piltdown Man was a huge forgery. The skull
belonged to a modern man, and the mandibular bone belonged to a
modern orangutan.
But evolutionists did not give up. They attempted to support the
theory, which they wanted to prove no matter how, by committing fur-
ther forgeries.
2- Nebraska Man Fraud
In 1922, based on a fossil tooth found in the USA, Nebraska, it was
declared that this tooth had belonged to an intermediate creature be-
tween man and ape. For five years, this fossil was presented as an
important evidence of evolution. Well known magazines and news-
ARTICLES -I-
111144

papers made imaginary drawings with the inspiration they drew
from a single tooth. The Illustrated London newspaper even pic-
tured Nebraska Man with his wife. However, in 1927, it was re-
vealed that the fossil belonged to an extinct pig species!
FFaallssee DDrraawwiinnggss
All we have told so far are false evidences put forward by the
evolutionists. However, all those experiences demonstrated that
these false evidence were not of much use and that the reality is al-
ways uncovered in the course of time. For this reason, many evolu-
tionists preferred smaller forgeries rather than venturing into such
dangerous tricks.
"Reconstruction" drawings are an example to this deceit. When
we look at evolutionist publications, we frequently come across
with such drawings. In these drawings, half man-half ape figures
are usually pictured along with their family. These creatures with
hairy bodies, a bent posture, and a face in between a man and an
ape are claimed to have been drawn by evolutionist scientists sup-
posedly by relying on the fossils available.
However, these drawings bear no meaning, because the fossils
found only yield information about the bone structure of the living
being. Neither any information
can be obtained from these fos-
sils about the nose, the ears, the
mouth, and the hair of the liv-
ing being. However, in the
111155
The biased interpretation of fos-
sils and outright fabrication of
many imaginary reconstructions
are an indication of how fre-
quently evolutionists have re-
course to tricks.

drawings, the evolutionists depict the organs such as the nose, the
mouth, and the ears shaped as half-man half-ape.
CONCLUSION
What have been told so far are only a few of the evidence proving
the invalidity of the theory of evolution and that it is a non-scientific
theory. All the facts proclaimed by modern disciples of science such
as microbiology, biochemistry, and anatomy prove that the world of
living things has an extremely complex structure and that even the
simplest living being has outstanding features that could in no way
come into being by chance. In addition to invalidating the coinci-
dence theories of evolutionists, these developments also point out a
crystal-clear fact: the fact that life is the work of an intelligent design
and God has created it flawlessly.
1. Stephen Jay Gould, "The Return of the Hopeful Monsters," Natural
History, vol. 86, July-August 1977, p. 28.
2. Colin Patterson, "Cladistics," Interview with Brian Leek, Peter Franz,
March 4, 1982, BBC.
3. B. G. Ranganathan, Origins?, Pennsylvania: The Banner of Truth
Trust, 1988, p. 12.
4. A. H. Clark, The New Evolution, Zoogenesis Williams and Wilkins,
Baltimore, 1930, p. 196.
ARTICLES -I-
111166

111177
he theory of evolution holds that life started with a
cell that formed by chance under primitive earth
conditions. Let us therefore examine the composi-
tion of the cell with simple comparisons in order to show how irra-
tional it is to ascribe the existence of the cell—a structure which still
maintains its mystery in many respects, even at a time when we are
about to set foot in the 21st century—to natural phenomena and co-
incidences.
With all its operational systems, systems of communication,
transportation and management, a cell is no less complex than any
city. It contains power stations producing the energy consumed by
the cell, factories manufacturing the enzymes and hormones essen-
tial for life, a databank where all necessary information about all
products to be produced is recorded, complex transportation sys-
tems and pipelines for carrying raw materials and products from
one place to another, advanced laboratories and refineries for break-
ing down imported raw materials into their usable parts, and spe-
cialized cell membrane proteins for the control of incoming and
outgoing materials. These constitute only a small part of this incred-
ibly complex system.
Far from being formed under primitive earth conditions, the cell,
which in its composition and mechanisms is so complex, cannot be

synthesized in even the most sophisticated laboratories of our day.
Even with the use of amino acids, the building blocks of the cell, it
is not possible to produce so much as a single organelle of the cell,
such as mitochondria or ribosome, much less a whole cell. The first
cell claimed to have been produced by evolutionary coincidence is
as much a figment of the imagination and a product of fantasy as
the unicorn.
PPrrootteeiinnss CChhaalllleennggee CCooiinncciiddeennccee
And it is not just the cell that cannot be produced: the formation,
under natural conditions, of even a single protein of the thousands
of complex protein molecules making up a cell is impossible.
Proteins are giant molecules consisting of amino acids arranged
in a particular sequence in certain quantities and structures. These
molecules constitute the building blocks of a living cell. The sim-
plest is composed of 50 amino acids; but there are some proteins
that are composed of thousands of amino acids. The absence, addi-
tion, or replacement of a single amino acid in the structure of a pro-
tein in living cells, each of which has a particular function, causes
ARTICLES -I-
111188
Proteins are giant
molecules consisting
of amino acids
arranged in a particu-
lar sequence in cer-
tain quantities and
structures. We can
easily demonstrate,
with simple proba-
bility calculations
anybody can under-
stand, that the func-
tional structure of
proteins can by no
means come about by
chance.

the protein to become a useless molecular heap. Incapable of
demonstrating the "accidental formation" of amino acids, the theory
of evolution founders on the point of the formation of proteins.
We can easily demonstrate, with simple probability calculations
anybody can understand, that the functional structure of proteins
can by no means come about by chance.
There are twenty different amino acids. If we consider that an
average-sized protein molecule is composed of 288 amino acids,
there are 10300
different combinations of acids. Of all of these pos-
sible sequences, only "one" forms the desired protein molecule.
The other amino-acid chains are either completely useless or else
potentially harmful to living things. In other words, the proba-
bility of the coincidental formation of only one protein molecule
cited above is "1 in 10300
". The probability of this "1" occurring out
of an "astronomical" number consisting of 1 followed by 300
zeros is for all practical purposes zero; it is impossible.
Can Life Result From Coincidences As Evolution Argues?
111199
If the coincidental formation of even one of these
proteins is impossible, it is billions of times more
impossible for approximately one million of those
proteins to come together by chance in an organized
fashion and make up a complete human cell.

Furthermore, a protein molecule of 288 amino acids is rather a
modest one compared with some giant protein molecules con-
sisting of thousands of amino acids. When we apply similar
probability calculations to these giant protein molecules, we see
that even the word "impossible" becomes inadequate.
If the coincidental formation of even one of these proteins is im-
possible, it is billions of times more impossible for approximately
one million of those proteins to come together by chance in an or-
ganized fashion and make up a complete human cell. Moreover, a
cell is not merely a collection of proteins. In addition to proteins,
cells also include nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, and
many other chemicals such as electrolytes, all of which are arranged
harmoniously and with design in specific proportions, both in
terms of structure and function. Each functions as a building block
or component in various organelles.
The probability of an average protein molecule comprising five
hundred amino acids being arranged in the correct proportion and
sequence in addition to the probability of all of the amino acids it
contains being only left-handed and being combined only with
peptide bonds is "1" divided by 10950
. We can write this number,
which is formed by putting 950 zeros after 1.
As we have seen, evolution is unable to explain
the formation of even a single protein out of
the millions in the cell, let alone explain the
cell.
Prof. Ali Demirsoy, one of the fore-
most authorities of evolutionist
thought in Turkey, in his book
Kalitim ve Evrim (Inheritance
and Evolution), discusses the
probability of the accidental for-
mation of Cytochrome-C, one of
the essential enzymes for life:
The probability of the formation of
ARTICLES -I-
112200
Kalitim ve Evrim
(Inheritance and Evolution)
Prof. Ali Demirsoy

a Cytochrome-C sequence is as likely as zero. That is, if life re-
quires a certain sequence, it can be said that this has a probability
likely to be realized once in the whole universe. Otherwise, some
metaphysical powers beyond our definition should have acted in
its formation. To accept the latter is not appropriate to the goals
of science. We therefore have to look into the first hypothesis.1
After these lines, Demirsoy admits that this probability, which he
accepted just because it was "more appropriate to the goals of sci-
ence", is unrealistic:
The probability of providing the particular amino acid sequence
of Cytochrome-C is as unlikely as the possibility of a monkey
writing the history of humanity on a typewriter—taking it for
granted that the monkey pushes the keys at random.2
The correct sequence of proper amino acids is simply not enough
for the formation of one of the protein molecules present in living
things. Besides this, each of the twenty different types of amino acid
present in the composition of proteins must be left-handed.
Chemically, there are two different types of amino acids called "left-
handed" and "right-handed". The difference between them is the
mirror-symmetry between their three dimensional structures,
which is similar to that of a person's right and left hands. Amino
acids of either of these two types are found in equal numbers in na-
ture and they can bond perfectly well with one another. Yet, re-
search uncovers an astonishing fact: all proteins present in the
structure of living things are made up of left-handed amino acids.
Even a single right-handed amino acid attached to the structure of a
protein renders it useless.
Let us for an instant suppose that life came into existence by chance
as evolutionists claim. In this case, the right and left-handed amino
acids that were generated by chance should be present in nature in
roughly equal amounts. The question of how proteins can pick out
only left-handed amino acids, and how not even a single right-
handed amino acid becomes involved in the life process is something
that still confounds evolutionists.
112211

In the Britannica Science Encyclopaedia, an ardent defender of evo-
lution, the authors indicate that the amino acids of all living organ-
isms on earth and the building blocks of complex polymers such as
proteins have the same left-handed asymmetry. They add that this
is tantamount to tossing a coin a million times and always getting
heads. In the same encyclopedia, they state that it is not possible to
understand why molecules become left-handed or right-handed
and that this choice is fascinatingly related to the source of life on
earth.3
It is not enough for amino acids to be arranged in the correct
numbers, sequences, and in the required three-dimensional struc-
tures. The formation of a protein also requires that amino acid mol-
ecules with more than one arm be linked to each other only through
certain arms. Such a bond is called a "peptide bond". Amino acids
can make different bonds with each other; but proteins comprise
those and only those amino acids that join together by "peptide"
bonds.
ARTICLES -I-
112244

Research has shown that only 50 % of amino acids, combining at
random, combine with a peptide bond and that the rest combine
with different bonds that are not present in proteins. To function
properly, each amino acid making up a protein must join with other
amino acids with a peptide bond, as it has only to be chosen from
among the left-handed ones. Unquestionably, there is no control
mechanism to select and leave out the right-handed amino acids
and personally make sure that each amino acid makes a peptide
bond with the other.
Under these circumstances, the probabilities of an average pro-
tein molecule comprising five hundred amino acids arranging itself
in the correct quantities and in sequence, in addition to the proba-
bilities of all of the amino acids it contains being only left-handed
and combining using only peptide bonds are as follows:
As you can see above, the probability of the formation of a pro-
tein molecule comprising five hundred amino acids is "1" divided
by a number formed by placing 950 zeros after a 1, a number in-
comprehensible to the human mind. This is only a probability on
paper. Practically, such a possibility has "0" chance of realization. In
mathematics, a probability smaller than 1 over 1050
is statistically
considered to have a "0" probability of realization.
While the improbability of the formation of a protein molecule
made up of five hundred amino acids reaches such an extent, we
can further proceed to push the limits of the mind to higher levels of
112255
– The probability of being in the right sequence =
1/20500
=1/10650
– The probability of being left-handed =
1/2500
=1/10150
– The probability of combining using a "peptide bond"
= 1/2499
=1/10150
TOTAL PROBABILITY =
1/10950
that is, "1" probability in 10950

improbability. In the "haemoglobin" molecule, a vital protein, there
are five hundred and seventy-four amino acids, which is a much
larger number than that of the amino acids making up the protein
mentioned above. Now consider this: in only one out of the billions
of red blood cells in your body, there are "280,000,000" (280 million)
haemoglobin molecules. The supposed age of the earth is not suffi-
cient to afford the formation of even a single protein, let alone a red
blood cell, by the method of "trial and error". The conclusion from
all this is that evolution falls into a terrible abyss of improbability
right at the stage of the formation of a single protein.
LLooookkiinngg FFoorr AAnnsswweerrss TToo TThhee GGeenneerraattiioonn OOff LLiiffee
Well aware of the terrible odds against the possibility of life form-
ing by chance, evolutionists were unable to provide a rational expla-
nation for their beliefs, so they set about looking for ways to
demonstrate that the odds were not so unfavorable.
They designed a number of laboratory experiments to address the
question of how life could generate itself from non-living matter.
The best known and most respected of these experiments is the one
known as the "Miller Experiment" or "Urey-Miller Experiment",
which was conducted by the American researcher Stanley Miller in
1953.
ARTICLES -I-
112266
Stanley
Miller with
his experi-
mental ap-
paratus.

With the purpose of proving that amino acids could have come
into existence by accident, Miller created an atmosphere in his labo-
ratory that he assumed would have existed on primordial earth (but
which later proved to be unrealistic) and he set to work. The mixture
he used for this primordial atmosphere was composed of ammonia,
methane, hydrogen, and water vapor.
Miller knew that methane, ammonia, water vapor and hydrogen
would not react with each other under natural conditions. He was
aware that he had to inject energy into the mixture to start a reaction.
He suggested that this energy could have come from lightning
flashes in the primordial atmosphere and, relying on this supposi-
tion, he used an artificial electricity discharge in his experiments.
Miller boiled this gas mixture at 1000C for a week, and, in ad-
dition, he introduced an electric current into the chamber. At the
end of the week, Miller analyzed the chemicals that had been
formed in the chamber and observed that three of the twenty
amino acids, which constitute the basic elements of proteins,
had been synthesized.
This experiment aroused great excitement among evolutionists
and they promoted it as an outstanding success. Encouraged by the
thought that this experiment definitely verified their theory, evolu-
tionists immediately produced new scenarios. Miller had suppos-
edly proved that amino acids could form by themselves. Relying on
112277
Even if they manage to synthe-
size amino acids, how would
evolutionists get simple mole-
cules such as amino acids to go
through the necessary chemical
changes that will convert them
into more complicated com-
pounds, or polymers, such as
proteins like the one seen on the
right? That is impossible.

112288
ARTICLES -I-
this, they hurriedly hypothesized the following stages. According
to their scenario, amino acids had later by accident united in the
proper sequences to form proteins. Some of these accidentally
formed proteins placed themselves in cell membrane-like struc-
tures, which "somehow" came into existence and formed a primi-
tive cell. The cells united in time and formed living organisms. The
greatest mainstay of the scenario was Miller's experiment.
However, Miller's experiment was nothing but make-believe,
and has since been proven invalid in many respects.
TThhee IInnvvaalliiddiittyy OOff MMiilllleerr''ss EExxppeerriimmeenntt
Nearly half a century has passed since Miller conducted his ex-
periment. Although it has been shown to be invalid in many re-
spects, evolutionists still advance Miller and his results as absolute
proof that life could have formed spontaneously from non-living
matter. When we assess Miller's experiment critically, without the
bias and subjectivity of evolutionist thinking, however, it is evident
that the situation is not as rosy as evolutionists would have us
think. Miller set for himself the goal of proving that amino acids
could form by themselves in earth's primitive conditions. Some
amino acids were produced, but the conduct of the experiment con-
flicts with his goal in many ways, as we shall now see.
• Miller isolated the amino acids from the environment as soon
as they were formed, by using a mechanism called a "cold trap".
Had he not done so, the conditions of the environment in which the
amino acids formed would immediately have destroyed the mole-
cules.
It is quite meaningless to suppose that some conscious mecha-
nism of this sort was integral to earth's primordial conditions,
which involved ultraviolet radiation, thunderbolts, various chemi-
cals, and a high percentage of free oxygen. Without such a mecha-
nism, any amino acid that did manage to form would immediately
have been destroyed.
• The primordial atmospheric environment that Miller at-
tempted to simulate in his experiment was not realistic. Nitrogen

and carbon dioxide would have been constituents of the primordial
atmosphere, but Miller disregarded this and used methane and
ammonia instead.
Why? Why were evolutionists insistent on the point that the
primitive atmosphere contained high amounts of methane (CH4),
ammonia (NH3), and water vapor (H2O)? The answer is simple:
without ammonia, it is impossible to synthesize an amino acid.
Kevin McKean talks about this in an article published in Discover
magazine:
Miller and Urey imitated the ancient atmosphere of earth
with a mixture of methane and ammonia. According to them,
the earth was a true homogeneous mixture of metal, rock and
ice. However in the latest studies, it is understood that the
earth was very hot at those times and that it was composed of
melted nickel and iron. Therefore, the chemical atmosphere of
that time should have been formed mostly of nitrogen (N2),
carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor (H2O). However these
are not as appropriate as methane and ammonia for the pro-
duction of organic molecules.4
After a long period of silence, Miller himself also confessed that
the atmospheric environment he used in his experiment was not re-
alistic.
• Another important point invalidating Miller's experiment is
that there was enough oxygen to destroy all the amino acids in the
atmosphere at the time when evolutionists thought that amino
acids formed. This oxygen concentration would definitely have
hindered the formation of amino acids. This situation completely
negates Miller's experiment, in which he totally neglected oxygen.
If he had used oxygen in the experiment, methane would have de-
composed into carbon dioxide and water, and ammonia would
have decomposed into nitrogen and water.
On the other hand, since no ozone layer yet existed, no organic
molecule could possibly have lived on earth because it was entirely
unprotected against intense ultraviolet rays.
• In addition to a few amino acids essential for life, Miller's ex-
112299

periment also produced many organic acids with characteristics that
are quite detrimental to the structures and functions of living things.
If he had not isolated the amino acids and had left them in the same
environment with these chemicals, their destruction or transforma-
tion into different compounds through chemical reactions would
have been unavoidable. Moreover, a large number of right-handed
amino acids also formed. The existence of these amino acids alone
refuted the theory, even within its own reasoning, because right-
handed amino acids are unable to function in the composition of liv-
ing organisms and render proteins useless when they are involved
in their composition.
To conclude, the circumstances in which amino acids formed in
Miller's experiment were not suitable for life forms to come into
being. The medium in which they formed was an acidic mixture that
destroyed and oxidized any useful molecules that might have been
obtained.
Evolutionists themselves actually refute the theory of evolution,
as they are often wont to do, by advancing this experiment as
"proof". If the experiment proves anything, it is that amino acids can
only be produced in a controlled laboratory environment where all
the necessary conditions have been specifically and consciously de-
signed. That is, the experiment shows that what brings life (even the
"near-life" of amino acids) into being cannot be unconscious chance,
but rather conscious will—in a word, Creation. This is why every
stage of Creation is a sign proving to us the existence and might of
Allah.
TThhee MMiirraaccuulloouuss MMoolleeccuullee:: DDNNAA
The molecule called DNA contains the complete construction
plan of the human body.
The theory of evolution has been unable to provide a coherent ex-
planation for the existence of the molecules that are the basis of the
cell. Furthermore, developments in the science of genetics and the
discovery of the nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) have produced
brand-new problems for the theory of evolution.
ARTICLES -I-
113300

In 1955, the work of two scientists on DNA, James Watson and
Francis Crick, launched a new era in biology. Many scientists di-
rected their attention to the science of genetics. Today, after years of
research, scientists have, largely, mapped the structure of DNA.
Here, we need to give some very basic information on the struc-
ture and function of DNA:
The molecule called DNA, which exists in the nucleus of each of
the 100 trillion cells in our body, contains the complete construction
plan of the human body. Information regarding all the characteristics
of a person, from the physical appearance to the structure of the
inner organs, is recorded in DNA by means of a special coding sys-
tem. The information in DNA is coded within the sequence of four
special bases that make up this molecule. These bases are specified as
A, T, G, and C according to the initial letters of their names. All the
structural differences among people depend on the variations in the
sequence of these bases. There are approximately 3.5 billion nu-
cleotides, that is, 3.5 billion letters in a DNA molecule.
The DNA data pertaining to a particular organ or protein is in-
cluded in special components called "genes". For instance, informa-
tion about the eye exists in a series of special genes, whereas
information about the heart exists in
quite another series of genes. The
cell produces proteins by using the
information in all of these genes.
Amino acids that constitute the
structure of the protein are de-
fined by the sequential
arrangement of three nu-
cleotides in the DNA.
At this point, an im-
portant detail deserves
attention. An error in the
sequence of nucleotides
making up a gene renders the
gene completely useless. When we
113311

consider that there are 200 thousand genes in
the human body, it becomes more evident
how impossible it is for the millions of nu-
cleotides making up these genes to form by ac-
cident in the right sequence. An evolutionist
biologist, Frank Salisbury, comments on this im-
possibility by saying:
A medium protein might include about 300
amino acids. The DNA gene controlling this
would have about 1,000 nucleotides in its chain.
Since there are four kinds of nucleotides in a DNA
chain, one consisting of 1,000 links could exist in 41000
forms. Using a little algebra (logarithms), we can see that
41000
=10600
. Ten multiplied by itself 600 times gives the figure
1 followed by 600 zeros! This number is completely beyond our
comprehension.5
The number 41000
is equivalent to 10600
. We obtain this number
by adding 600 zeros to 1. As 10 with 11 zeros indicates a tril-
lion, a figure with 600 zeros is indeed a number that is diffi-
cult to grasp.
Evolutionist Prof. Ali Demirsoy was forced to make the
following admission on this issue:
In fact, the probability of the random formation of a pro-
tein and a nucleic acid (DNA-RNA) is inconceivably
small. The chances against the emergence of even a partic-
ular protein chain are astronomic.6
In addition to all these improbabilities, DNA can barely be
involved in a reaction because of its double-chained spiral shape.
This also makes it impossible to think that it can be the basis of life.
Moreover, while DNA can
replicate only with the help of
some enzymes that are actually
proteins, the synthesis of these
enzymes can be realized only by
the information coded in DNA.
ARTICLES -I-
113322
Ever since the very first human
being, the trillions of examples of
DNA in the billions of human
cells have been appearing in the
same state of perfection and com-
plexity as present.

113333
As they both depend on each other, either they have to exist at the
same time for replication, or one of them has had to be "created" before
the other. American microbiologist Jacobson comments on the subject:
Direction for the reproduction of plans, for energy and the extrac-
tion of parts from the current environment, for the growth sequence,
and for the effector mechanism translating instructions into
growth—all had to be simultaneously present at that moment
(when life began). This combination of events has seemed an in-
credibly unlikely happenstance, and has often been ascribed to di-
vine intervention.7
The quotation above was written two years after the disclosure of
the structure of DNA by James Watson and Francis Crick. Despite all
the developments in science, this problem remains unsolved for evolu-
tionists. To sum up, the need for DNAin reproduction, the necessity of
the presence of some proteins for reproduction, and the requirement to
produce these proteins according to the information in the DNA en-
tirely demolish evolutionist theses.
Two German scientists, Junker and Scherer, explained that the syn-
thesis of each of the molecules required for chemical evolution, neces-
sitates distinct conditions, and that the probability of the
compounding of these materials having theoretically very different ac-
quirement methods is zero:
Until now, no experiment is known in which we can obtain all the
molecules necessary for chemical evolution. Therefore, it is essential
to produce various molecules in different places under very suitable
conditions and then to carry them to another place for reaction by
protecting them from harmful elements like hydrolysis and photol-
ysis.8
In short, the theory of evolution is unable to prove any of the evolu-
tionary stages that allegedly occur at the molecular level.
To summarize what we have said so far, neither amino acids nor
their products, the proteins making up the cells of living beings, could
ever be produced in any so-called "primitive atmosphere" environ-
ment. Moreover, factors such as the incredibly complex structure of
proteins, their right-hand, left-hand features, and the difficulties in the

formation of peptide bonds are just parts of the reason why they will
never be produced in any future experiment either.
Even if we suppose for a moment that proteins somehow did form
accidentally, that would still have no meaning, for proteins are noth-
ing at all on their own: they cannot themselves reproduce. Protein syn-
thesis is only possible with the information coded in DNA and RNA
molecules. Without DNAand RNA, it is impossible for a protein to re-
produce. The specific sequence of the twenty different amino acids en-
coded in DNA determines the structure of each protein in the body.
However, as has been made abundantly clear by all those who have
studied these molecules, it is impossible for DNAand RNAto form by
chance.
TThhee FFaacctt OOff CCrreeaattiioonn
With the collapse of the theory of evolution in every field, promi-
nent names in the discipline of microbiology today admit the fact of
creation and have begun to defend the view that everything is created
by a conscious Creator as part of an exalted creation. This is already a
fact that people cannot disregard. Scientists who can approach their
work with an open mind have developed a view called "intelligent de-
sign". Michael J. Behe, one of the foremost of these scientists, states
that he accepts the absolute being of the Creator and describes the im-
passe of those who deny this fact:
The result of these cumulative efforts to investigate the cell—to in-
vestigate life at the molecular level—is a loud, clear, piercing cry of
"design!" The result is so unambiguous and so significant that it
must be ranked as one of the greatest achievements in the history of
science. This triumph of science should evoke cries of "Eureka"
from ten thousand throats.
But, no bottles have been uncorked, no hands clapped. Instead, a
curious, embarrassed silence surrounds the stark complexity of the
cell. When the subject comes up in public, feet start to shuffle, and
breathing gets a bit labored. In private people are a bit more relaxed;
many explicitly admit the obvious but then stare at the ground,
shake their heads, and let it go like that. Why does the scientific
ARTICLES -I-
113344

113355
community not greedily em-
brace its startling discovery?
Why is the observation of design
handled with intellectual gloves? The
dilemma is that while one side of the [issue] is
labeled intelligent design, the other side must
be labeled God.9
Today, many people are not even aware that they are in
a position of accepting a body of fallacy as truth in the name
of science, instead of believing in Allah. Those who do not find the
sentence "Allah created you from nothing" scientific enough can
believe that the first living being came into being by thunderbolts
striking a "primordial soup" billions of years ago.
As we have described elsewhere in this book, the balances in nature
are so delicate and so numerous that it is entirely irrational to claim
that they developed "by chance". No matter how much those who can-
not set themselves free from this irrationality may strive, the signs of
Allah in the heavens and the earth are completely obvious and they
are undeniable.
Allah is the Creator of the heavens, the earth and all that is in be-
tween. The signs of His being have encompassed the entire universe.
1. Ali Demirsoy, Kalitim ve Evrim (Inheritance and Evolution), Ankara:
Meteksan Yayinlari 1984, p. 61
Meteksan Yayinlari 1984, p. 61
3. Fabbri Britannica Science Encyclopaedia, Vol. 2, No. 22, p. 519
4. Kevin McKean, Bilim ve Teknik (Science and Technology), No. 189, p. 7
5. Frank B. Salisbury, "Doubts about the Modern Synthetic Theory of
Evolution", American Biology Teacher, September 1971, p. 336.
Meteksan Publishing Co., 1984, p. 39.
7. Homer Jacobson, "Information, Reproduction and the Origin of Life",
American Scientist, January, 1955, p.121.
8. Reinhard Junker & Siegfried Scherer, "Entstehung Gesiche Der
Lebewesen", Weyel, 1986, p. 89.
9. Michael J. Behe, Darwin's Black Box, New York: Free Press, 1996, pp. 232-
233.

113366
hen Darwin put forward his theory in the
middle of the nineteenth century, he never men-
tioned how the origin of life, in other words the
first living cell, came to be. Scientists looking for the origin of life at
the beginning of the twentieth century began to realise that the the-
ory was invalid. The complex and perfect structure in life prepared
the ground for many researchers to perceive the truth of creation.
Mathematical calculations and scientific experiment and observa-
tion demonstrated that life could not be the "product of chance," as
the theory of evolution claimed.
With the collapse of the claim that coincidence was responsible
and the realisation that life was "planned," some scientists began to
look for the origin of life in outer space. The best-known of the sci-
entists who made such claims were Fred
Hoyle and Chandra Wickramasinghe. These
two cobbled together
a scenario in which
they proposed that
there was a force
which "seeded" life in
space. According to
the scenario, these
seeds were carried
through the empti-
ness of space by gas or Fred Hoyle
Chandra
Wickramasinghe

dust clouds, or else by an asteroid,
and eventually reached the Earth,
and life thus started here.
Nobel Prize–winner Francis Crick,
co-discoverer with James Watson of
the double helix structure of DNA, is
one of those who has sought the ori-
gin of life in outer space. Crick came
to realise that it is quite unreasonable
to expect life to have started by
chance, but he has claimed instead
that life on Earth was started by intel-
ligent "extraterrestrial" powers.
The idea that life came from outer space has influenced prominent
scientists. The matter is now even discussed in writings and debates
on the origin of life. The idea of looking for the origin of life in outer
space can be considered from two basic perspectives.
SScciieennttiiffiicc IInnccoonnssiisstteennccyy
The key to evaluating the "life began in outer space" thesis lies in
studying the meteorites that reached the Earth and the clouds of gas
and dust existing in space. No evidence has yet been found to sup-
port the claim that celestial bodies contained non-earthly creatures
that eventually seeded life on Earth. No research that has been car-
ried out so far has revealed any of the complex macromolecules that
appear in life forms.
Furthermore, the substances contained in meteorites do not pos-
sess a certain kind of asymmetry found in the macromolecules that
constitute life. For instance, amino acids, which make up proteins,
which are themselves the basic building blocks of life, should theo-
retically occur as both left- and right-handed forms ("optical iso-
mers") in roughly equal numbers. However, only left-handed amino
acids are found in proteins, whereas this asymmetric distribution
does not occur among the small organic molecules (the carbon-
Could Life Have Come From Outer Space?
113377
Francis Crick

based molecules found in living things) discovered in meteorites.
The latter exist in both left- and right-handed forms.1
That is by no means the end of the obstacles to the thesis that bod-
ies and substances in outer space gave rise to life on Earth. Those who
maintain such an idea need to be able to explain why such a process is
not happening now, because the Earth is still being bombarded by
meteorites. However, study of these meteorites has not revealed any
"seeding" to confirm the thesis in any way.
Another question confronting the defenders of the thesis is this:
Even if it is accepted that life was formed by a consciousness in outer
space, and that it somehow reached Earth, how did the millions of
species on Earth come about? That is a huge dilemma for those who
suggest that life began in space.
Alongside all of these obstacles, no trace has been found in the uni-
verse of a civilisation or life form that could have started life on Earth.
No astronomical observations, which have picked up enormous
speed in the last 30 years, have given any indication of the presence of
such a civilisation.
WWhhaatt LLiieess BBeehhiinndd TThhee ""EExxttrraatteerrrreessttrriiaall"" TThheeoorryy??
As we have seen, the theory that life on Earth was begun by extra-
terrestrials has no scientific basis to it. No discoveries have been made
to confirm or support it. However, when the scientists who put for-
ward the suggestion began to look in that direction, they did so be-
cause they perceived one important truth.
The truth in question is that a theory that seeks to explain life on
Earth as being the result of chance is no longer tenable. It has been re-
alised that the complexity revealed in the life forms on Earth can only
be the product of intelligent design. In fact, the areas of expertise of
the scientists who sought the origin of life in outer space give a clue as
to their rejection of the logic of the theory of evolution.
Both are world-renowned scientists: Fred Hoyle is an astronomer
and bio-mathematician, and Francis Crick a molecular biologist.
One point which needs to be considered is that those scientists who
ARTICLES -I-
113388

look to outer space to find the origin of life do not actually make any
new interpretation of the matter. Scientists such as Hoyle,
Wickramasinghe, and Crick began to consider the possibility that life
came from space because they realised that life could not have come
about by chance. Since it was impossible for life on Earth to have
begun by chance, they had to accept the existence of a source of in-
telligent design in outer space.
However, the theory put forward by them on the subject of the ori-
gin of this intelligent design is contradictory and meaningless.
Modern physics and astronomy have revealed that our universe
originated as a result of a huge explosion some 12-15 billion years
ago known as "The Big Bang." All matter in the universe came about
from that explosion. For this reason, any idea that seeks the origin of
life on Earth in another matterbased life form in the universe has to
explain in turn how that form of life came into existence. The mean-
ing of this is that such a suggestion does not actually solve the prob-
Could Life Have Come From Outer Space?
113399

lem, but takes it one step further back.
As we have seen, the thesis that "life came from outer space" does
not support evolution, but is a view that reveals the impossibility of
evolution and accepts that there can be no other explanation for life
than intelligent design. The scientists who suggested this began
with a correct analysis but then went down a false road, and started
the silly search for the origin of life in outer space.
It is obvious that the concept of "extraterrestrials" cannot account
for the origin of life. Even if we accept for one moment the hypothe-
sis that "extraterrestrials" actually exist, it is still clear that they
could not have come into being by chance, but must themselves be
the product of intelligent design. (That is because the laws of
physics and chemistry are the same everywhere in the universe, and
they make it impossible for life to emerge by chance.) This shows
that God, Who is beyond matter and time, and possesses infinite
might, wisdom, and knowledge, created the universe and every-
thing in it.
1. Massimo Pigliucci, Rationalists of East Tennessee Book Club
Discussion, October 1997
ARTICLES -I-
114400

114411
ccording to the theory of evolution, every liv-
ing species has sprung from a predecessor. A pre-
viously-existing species turned into something else
in time and all species have come into being in this way. According
to the theory, this transformation proceeds gradually over millions
of years.
If this was the case, then numerous intermediary species should
have existed and lived within this long transformation period.
For instance, some half-fish/half-reptiles should have lived in the
past which had acquired some reptilian traits in addition to the fish
traits they already had. Or there should have existed some reptile-
birds, which acquired some bird traits in addition to the reptilian
traits they already had. Evolutionists refer to these imaginary crea-
tures, which they believe to have lived in the past, as "transitional
forms".
If such animals had really existed, there should be millions and
even billions of them in number and variety. More importantly, the
remains of these strange creatures should be present in the fossil
record. The number of these transitional forms should have been
even greater than the present animal species and their remains
should be found all over the world. In The Origin of Species, Darwin
explained:
If my theory be true, numberless intermediate varieties, linking
most closely all of the species of the same group together must as-
suredly have existed... Consequently evidence of their former ex-

istence could be found only amongst
fossil remains.1
Even Darwin himself was aware of the
absence of such transitional forms. It was
his hope that they would be found in the
future. Despite his hopefulness, he real-
ized that the biggest stumbling-block in
his theory was the missing transitional
forms. Therefore in his book The Origin
of Species he wrote the following in the
chapter "Difficulties of the Theory":
... Why, if species have descended from other
species by fine gradations, do we not every-
where see innumerable transitional forms?
Why is not all nature in confusion, instead of
the species being, as we see them, well de-
fined?… But, as by this theory innumerable transi-
tional forms must have existed, why do we not find them
embedded in countless numbers in the crust of the earth?… But
in the intermediate region, having intermediate conditions of life,
why do we not now find closely-linking intermediate varieties?
This difficulty for a long time quite confounded me.2
The single explanation Darwin could come up with to counter
this objection was the argument that the fossil record uncovered so
far was inadequate. He asserted that when the fossil record had
been studied in detail, the missing links would be found.
L›V›NG FOSS›LS
The theory of evolution claims that species continuously evolve
into other species. But when we compare living things with their fos-
sils, we see that they have remained unchanged for millions of years.
This fact is a clear evidence that falsifies the claims of evolutionists.
Believing in Darwin's prophecy, evolutionists have been search-
ing for fossils and digging for missing links since the middle of the
19th century all over the world. Despite their best efforts, no transi-
ARTICLES -I-
114422
The Origin
of Species,
Charles Darwin

114433
Believing in Darwin's prophecy, evolutionists
have been searching for fossils and digging for
missing links since the middle of the 19th cen-
tury all over the world. Despite their best ef-
forts, no transitional forms have yet been
uncovered. All the fossils unearthed in excava-
tions showed that contrary to the beliefs of evo-
lutionists, life appeared on earth all of a sudden
and fully-formed.

tional forms have yet been uncovered. All the fossils unearthed in
excavations showed that contrary to the beliefs of evolutionists, life
appeared on earth all of a sudden and fully-formed. Trying to prove
their theory, the evolutionists have instead unwittingly caused it to
collapse.
A famous British paleontologist, Derek V. Ager, admits this fact
even though he is an evolutionist:
The point emerges that if we examine the fossil record in detail,
whether at the level of orders or of species, we find–over and
over again–not gradual evolution, but the sudden explosion of
one group at the expense of another.3
Another evolutionist paleontologist Mark Czarnecki comments
as follows:
A major problem in proving the theory has been the fossil record;
the imprints of vanished species preserved in the Earth's geolog-
ical formations. This record has never revealed traces of Darwin's
hypothetical intermediate variants - instead species appear and
disappear abruptly, and this anomaly has fueled the creationist
argument that each species was created by God.4
They have also had to deal with the futility of waiting for "miss-
ing" transitional forms to appear in the future, as explained by a
professor of paleontology from Glasgow University, T. Neville
George:
There is no need to apologize any longer for the poverty of the
fossil record. In some ways, it has become almost unmanageably
rich and discovery is outpacing integration… The fossil record
nevertheless continues to be composed mainly of gaps.5
LLiiffee EEmmeerrggeedd OOnn EEaarrtthh SSuuddddeennllyy
AAnndd IInn CCoommpplleexx FFoorrmmss
When terrestrial strata and the fossil record are examined, it is to
be seen that all living organisms appeared simultaneously. The old-
est stratum of the earth in which fossils of living creatures have
been found is that of the Cambrian, which has an estimated age of
500-550 million years.
ARTICLES -I-
114444

The living creatures found in the strata belonging to the
Cambrian period emerged all of a sudden in the fossil record–there
are no pre-existing ancestors. The fossils found in the Cambrian
rocks belonged to snails, trilobites, sponges, earthworms, jellyfish,
sea hedgehogs, and other complex invertebrates. This wide mosaic
of living organisms made up of such a great number of complex
creatures emerged so suddenly that this miraculous event is re-
ferred to as the "Cambrian Explosion" in geological literature.
Most of the life forms found in this stratum have complex sys-
tems like eyes, gills, circulatory system, and advanced physiologi-
cal structures no different from their modern counterparts. For
instance, the double-lensed, combed eye structure of trilobites is a
wonder of design. David Raup, a professor of geology in Harvard,
Rochester, and Chicago Universities, says: "the trilobites used an
optimal design which would require a well trained and imaginative
optical engineer to develop today".6
These complex invertebrates emerged suddenly and completely
without having any link or any transitional form between them and
the unicellular organisms, which were the only life forms on earth
prior to them.
Richard Monastersky, the editor of Earth Sciences, which is one of
the popular publications of evolutionist literature, states the follow-
ing about the "Cambrian Explosion" which came as a total surprise
to evolutionists:
A half-billion years ago, the remarkably complex forms of ani-
mals we see today suddenly appeared. This moment, right at the
start of Earth's Cambrian Period, some 550 million years ago,
marks the evolutionary explosion that filled the seas with the
world's first complex creatures. The large animal phyla of today
were present already in the early Cambrian and they were as dis-
tinct from each other as they are today.7
How the earth came to overflow with such a great number of ani-
mal species all of a sudden and how these distinct types of species
with no common ancestors could have emerged is a question that re-
mains unanswered by evolutionists. The Oxford zoologist Richard
The Fossil Record Refutes Evolution
114455

Dawkins, one of the foremost advocates of evolutionist thought in the
world, comments on this reality that invalidates the very roots of all
the arguments he has been defending:
For example the Cambrian strata of rocks, vintage about 600 million
years, are the oldest ones in which we find most of the major inver-
tebrate groups. And we find many of them already in an advanced
state of evolution, the very first time they appear. It is as though
they were just planted there, without any evolutionary history.
Needless to say, this appearance of sudden planting has delighted
creationists.8
As Dawkins is forced to acknowledge, the Cambrian Explosion is
strong evidence for creation, because creation is the only way to ex-
plain the fully-formed emergence of life on earth. Douglas
Futuyma, a prominent evolutionist biologist admits this fact and
states: "Organisms either appeared on the earth fully developed or
ARTICLES -I-
114466
An illustration of the
Cambrian Period

The trilobites that appeared in
the Cambrian period all of a sud-
den have an extremely complex
eye structure. Consisting of mil-
lions of honeycomb-shaped tiny
particles and a double-lens system,
this eye "has an optimal design
which would require a well-trained
and imaginative optical engineer to de-
velop today" in the words of David Raup, a
professor of geology.
This eye emerged 530 million years ago in a perfect state. No
doubt, the sudden appearance of such a wondrous design cannot
be explained by evolution and it proves the actuality of creation.
Moreover, the honeycomb eye structure of the trilobite has
survived to our own day without a single change. Some insects
such as bees and dragonflies have the same eye structure as did
the trilobite.* This situation disproves the evolutionary thesis
that living things evolved progressively from the primitive to the
complex.
(*) R. L. Gregory, Eye and Brain : The Physiology of Seeing, Oxford
University Press, 1995, p.31
they did not. If they did not, they must have developed from preex-
isting species by some process of modification. If they did appear in
a fully developed state, they must indeed have been created by
some omnipotent intelligence."9
Darwin himself recognized the possibility of this when he wrote:
The Fossil Record Refutes Evolution
114477
THE EYE OF THE
TR›LOBITE

"If numerous species, belonging to the same genera or families, have
really started into life all at once, the fact would be fatal to the theory
of descent with slow modification through natural selection."10
The Cambrian Period is nothing more or less than Darwin's "fatal
stroke". This is why the Swiss evolutionist paleoanthropologist
Stefan Bengston confesses the lack of transitional links while he de-
scribes the Cambrian Period and says "Baffling (and embarrassing)
to Darwin, this event still dazzles us".11
As may be seen, the fossil record indicates that living things did
not evolve from primitive to the advanced forms, but instead
emerged all of a sudden and in a perfect state. In short, living beings
did not come into existence by evolution, they were created.
1. Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species: AFacsimile of the First Edition,
Harvard University Press, 1964, p. 179.
2. Ibid, pp. 172, 280.
3. Derek V. Ager, "The Nature of the Fossil Record", Proceedings
of the British Geological Association, Vol 87, 1976, p. 133.
4. Mark Czarnecki, "The Revival of the Creationist Crusade",
MacLean's, January 19, 1981, p. 56.
5. T. Neville George, "Fossils in Evolutionary Perspective",
Science Progress, Vol 48, January 1960, pp. 1, 3.
6. David Raup, "Conflicts Between Darwin and Paleontology", Bulletin,
Field Museum of Natural History, Vol 50, January 1979, p. 24.
7. Richard Monastersky, "Mysteries of the Orient", Discover, April 1993,
p. 40.
8. Richard Dawkins, The Blind Watchmaker, London:
W. W. Norton 1986, p. 229.
9. Douglas J. Futuyma, Science on Trial,
New York: Pantheon Books, 1983, p. 197.
10 . Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species: AFacsimile of the First Edition,
Harvard University Press, 1964, p. 302.
11. Stefan Bengston, Nature, Vol. 345, 1990, p. 765.
ARTICLES -I-
114488

114499
ecently, a 140-million-year-old fossil
called Shenzhouraptor sinensis was discovered
in the Yixian region of China. According to the
evolutionary paleontologist Ji Qiang, this fossil was a missing link
between dinosaurs and birds. The fact is, however, that this fossil
possesses features that clash with the evolutionists' claims about the
origin of birds. Not just this fossil, but also the whole paleontologi-
cal data on the subject is at odds with the evolutionary theory.
"Evolution of birds", like other claims of Darwinism, is no more sci-
entific than a fairy tale.
SShheennzzhhoouurraappttoorr ssiinneennssiiss,,
TThhee IImmppoossssiibbllee TTrraannssiittiioonnaall
Evolutionists suggest that Shenzhouraptor sinensis was a transi-
tional form that was able to fly and possessed both bird and di-
nosaur characteristics. This is, however, is in contradiction with
other evolutionist claims on the origin of birds.
Archaeopteryx, the oldest known bird, lived 150 million years ago
and is in many respects no different from flying birds living today.
Shenzhouraptor sinensis, however, lived 140 million years ago, making
it younger than Archaeopteryx. For that reason, it is impossible for it to
be a transitional form, because birds with perfect feathers and the
necessary anatomical structure for flight were living before it.
At this point, we need to make it clear that the evolutionist claims
regarding Archaeopteryx, one of the principle icons of the theory of

evolution for the last 100 years or so,
have lost a great deal of their validity. It
has been realized that this creature was
a flying bird, possessing a flawless
flight mechanism. Attempts to compare
Archaeopteryx to a reptile have failed en-
tirely.
As Alan Feduccia, one of the leading
ornithologists of the world, has stated,
"Most recent workers who have studied various anatomical features
of Archaeopteryx have found the creature to be much more birdlike
than previously imagined," and "the resemblance of Archaeopteryx
to theropod dinosaurs has been grossly overestimated."1
Another problem regarding Archaeopteryx is that the theropod di-
nosaurs, which many evolutionists suggest were Archaeopteryx' an-
cestors, actually emerge after it in the fossil record, not before it.
This, of course, leaves no room for any "evolutionary family tree" to
account for the origin of birds.
TThhee DDiissccoonntteenntteedd EEvvoolluuttiioonniissttss
The reason for the "dino-bird" and "feathered dinosaur" stories
that frequently appear in the evolutionist press is simply an effort
on their part to show that their claim that birds evolved from di-
nosaurs has been proven by fossil discoveries. The fact is, however,
that none of these fossils has offered any scientific evidence at all for
that claim.
What is more, many evolutionists do not believe it either. For in-
stance, renowned ornithologists Alan Feduccia and Larry Martin
believe that it is totally an erroneous scenario. A college textbook,
Developmental Biology reads:
Not all biologists believe that birds are dinosaurs... This group of
scientists emphasizes the differences between dinosaurs and
birds, claiming that the differences are too great for the birds to
have evolved from earlier dinosaurs. Alan Feduccia, and Larry
ARTICLES -I-
115500
Alan Feduccia

Martin, for instance, contend that birds could not have evolved
from any known group of dinosaurs. They argue against some of
the most important cladistic data and support their claim from
developmental biology and biomechanics.2
Feduccia has this to say regarding the thesis of reptile-bird evolu-
tion:
Well, I've studied bird skulls for 25 years and I don't see any simi-
larities whatsoever. I just don't see it... The theropod origins of
birds, in my opinion, will be the greatest embarrassment of pale-
ontology of the 20th century.3
Larry Martin, a specialist on ancient birds from the University of
Kansas, also opposes the theory that birds are descended from di-
nosaurs. Discussing the contradiction that evolution falls into on the
subject, he states:
To tell you the truth, if I had to support the dinosaur origin of
birds with those characters, I'd be embarrassed every time I had to
get up and talk about it.4
The disagreement amongst evolutionists themselves stems from
the fact that there is no evidence supporting an evolutionary origin
for birds. They can only build up speculations, just so stories which
are imposed to the public, misleadingly, as "scientific theories".
TThhee SSiiggnniiffiiccaanntt SSttrruuccttuurraall DDiiffffeerreenncceess
BBeettwweeeenn BBiirrddss AAnndd DDiinnoossaauurrss
Most evolutionists hold that birds evolved from small theropod
dinosaurs. However, a comparison between birds and such reptiles
reveals that the two have very distinct features, making it unlikely
that one evolved from the other.
There are various structural differences between birds and rep-
tiles, one of which concerns bone structure. Due to their bulky na-
tures, dinosaurs—the ancestors of birds according to
evolutionists—had thick, solid bones. Birds, in contrast, whether liv-
ing or extinct, have hollow bones that are very light, as they must be
in order for flight to take place.
The Myth Of Bird Evolution
115511

115522
ARTICLES -I-
Another difference between reptiles and birds is their metabolic
structure. Reptiles have the slowest metabolic structure in the animal
kingdom. (The claim that dinosaurs had a warm-blooded fast metab-
olism remains a speculation.) Birds, on the other hand, are at the op-
posite end of the metabolic spectrum. For instance, the body
temperature of a sparrow can rise to as much as 48°C (118°F) due to
its fast metabolism. On the other hand, reptiles lack the ability to reg-
ulate their body temperature. Instead, they expose their bodies to
sunlight in order to warm up. Put simply, reptiles consume the least
energy of all animals and birds the most.
Yet, despite all the scientific findings, the groundless scenario of
"dinosaur-bird evolution" is still insistently advocated. Popular pub-
lications are particularly fond of the scenario. Meanwhile, concepts
which provide no backing for the scenario are presented as evidence
for "dinosaur-bird evolution."
In some popular evolutionist publications, for instance, emphasis is
IMAGINARY CREATURES
The imaginary transitional forms existing in the fan-
tasy of evolutionists ought to have missing and de-
fective organs. For instance, a creature in between
birds and and reptiles would have half wings and
half avian lungs. However, no fossil of such a creature
has yet been found, as it is not possible for such
a "weird" creature as we see in these pictures to
survive. All fossils that are discovered belong to
complete and perfectly designed creatures.

115533
laid on the differences among dinosaur hip bones to support the thesis
that birds are descended from dinosaurs. These differences exist be-
tween dinosaurs classified as Saurischian (reptile-like, hip-girdled di-
nosaurs) and Ornithischian (bird-like, hip-girdled dinosaurs). This
concept of dinosaurs having hip girdles similar to those of birds is
sometimes wrongly conceived as evidence for the alleged
dinosaur–bird link. However, the difference in hip girdles is no evi-
dence at all for the claim that birds evolved from dinosaurs. That is
because, surprisingly for the evolutionist, Ornithischian dinosaurs
do not resemble birds with respect to other anatomical features. For
instance, Ankylosaurus is a dinosaur classified as Ornithischian, with
short legs, a giant body, and skin covered with scales resembling
armor. On the other hand, Struthiomimus, which resembles birds in
some of its anatomical features (long legs, short forelegs, and thin
structure), is actually a Saurischian.5
TThhee UUnniiqquuee SSttrruuccttuurree OOff AAvviiaann LLuunnggss
Another factor demonstrating the impossibility of the reptile-bird
evolution scenario is the structure of avian lungs, which cannot be
accounted for by evolution.
Land-dwelling creatures have lungs with a two-directional flow
structure. Upon inhaling, the air travels through the passages in the
lungs (bronchial tubes), ending in tiny air sacs (alveoli). The ex-
change of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place here. Then, upon

exhaling, this used air makes its
way back and finds its way out of
the lung by the same route.
In birds however, air follows just
one direction through the lungs.
The entry and exit orifices are com-
pletely different, and thanks to spe-
cial air sacs all along the passages
between them, air always flows in
one direction through the avian
lung. In this way, birds are able to
take in air nonstop. This satisfies
birds' high energy requirements.
Michael Denton, an Australian biochemist and a well-known critic
of Darwinism, explains the avian lung in this way:
This one-directional flow of air is maintained in breathing in and
breathing out by a complex system of interconnected air sacs in
the bird's body, which expand and contract in such a way as to
ensure a continuous delivery of air through the parabronchi…
The structure of the lung in birds, and the overall functioning of
the respiratory system, are quite unique. No lung in any other
vertebrate species in any way approaches the avian system.
Moreover, in its essential details it is identical in birds.6
The important thing is that the reptile lung, with its dual-direc-
tion air flow, could not have evolved into the bird lung with its sin-
gle-direction flow, because it is not possible for there to have been
an intermediate model between them. In order for a living thing to
live, it has to keep breathing, and a reversal of the structure of its
lungs with a change of design would inevitably end in death.
According to evolution, this change must happen gradually over
millions of years, whereas a creature whose lungs do not work will
die within a few minutes.
Reptiles (and mammals) breathe in and out from the same air
vessel. In birds, while the air enters into the lung from the front, it
ARTICLES -I-
115544
Michael Denton

goes out from the back.
This distinct design is specially made for birds, which need great
amounts of oxygen during flight.
It is impossible for such a structure to evolve from the reptile
lung.
Michael Denton also states that it is impossible to give an evolu-
tionary account of the avian lung:
... In the case of birds, however, the major bronchi break down
into tiny tubes which permeate the lung tissue. These so-called
parabronchi eventually join up together again, forming a true cir-
culatory system so that air flows in one direction through the
lungs. ... Just how such an utterly different respiratory system
could have evolved gradually from the standard vertebrate de-
sign is fantastically difficult to envisage, especially bearing in
mind that the maintenance of respiratory function is absolutely
vital to the life of an organism to the extent that the slightest mal-
function leads to death within minutes. Just as the feather cannot
function as an organ of flight until the hooks and barbules are co
adapted to fit together perfectly, so the avian lung cannot func-
115555
Bird lungs function in a way that is completely contrary to the way the lungs of
land animals function. The latter inhale and exhale through the same passages. The
air in bird lungs, in contrast, passes continuously through the lung in one direction.
This is made possible by special air sacs throughout the lung. Thanks to this system,
whose details can be seen overleaf, birds breathe nonstop. This design is peculiar to
birds, which need high levels of oxygen during flight. It is impossible for this struc-
ture to have evolved from reptile lungs, because any creature with an "intermedi-
ate" form between the two types of lung would be unable to breathe.
RREEPPTTIILLEE LLUUNNGG AAVVIIAANN LLUUNNGG
alveoli
bronchi
parabronchi
air flow
air flows in
air flows out

115566
BBIIRRDDSS'' SSPPEECCIIAALL
RREESSPPIIRRAATTOORRYY SSYYSSTTEEMM
BREATHING
OUT: When a bird
breathes out, the
fresh air in the
rear air sacs goes
into the lungs.
With this system,
the bird is able to
enjoy a constant
supply of fresh
air to its lungs.
There are many
details in this
lung system,
which is shown in
very simplified
form in these dia-
grams. For in-
stance, there are
special valves
where the sacs join the lungs, which enable the air to flow in the right direction.
All of these show that there is a clear design at work here. This design not only
deals a death blow to the theory of evolution, it is also clear proof of creation.
BREATHING IN: The air
which enters birds' respi-
ratory passages goes to
the lungs, and to air sacs
behind them. The air
which is used is trans-
ferred to air sacs at the
front.
front air sacs
lung
rear air sacs
trachea
Fresh air
Stale air
Fresh air
Fresh air
does not
pass through
front air sacs
Trachea
Rear air sacs are
filled with fresh air
Front air
sacs are
filled with
the stale air
coming from
the lungs
Lung
Stale air
Fresh air
moves out
of the rear
air sacs to
the lungs.
Lung
Stale air is ex-
pelled from the
front air sacs.

tion as an organ of respiration until the parabronchi system which
permeates it and the air sac system which guarantees the
parabronchi their air supply are both highly developed and able
to function together in a perfectly integrated manner.7
In brief, the passage from a terrestrial lung to an avian lung is im-
possible, because an intermediate form would serve no purpose.
Another point that needs to be mentioned here is that reptiles
have a diaphragm-type respiratory system, whereas birds have an
abdominal air sac system instead of a diaphragm. These different
structures also make any evolution between the two lung types im-
possible, as John Ruben from the Oregon State University, an ac-
knowledged authority in the field of respiratory physiology,
observes in the following passage:
The earliest stages in the derivation of the avian abdominal air sac
system from a diaphragm-ventilating ancestor would have neces-
sitated selection for a diaphragmatic hernia in taxa transitional
115577
Parabronchial tubes, which enable air to circulate in the right direc-
tion in birds' lungs. Each of these tubes is just 0.5 mm. in diameter.

between theropods and birds. Such a debilitating condition would
have immediately compromised the entire pulmonary ventilatory
apparatus and seems unlikely to have been of any selective ad-
vantage.8
Another interesting structural design of the avian lung which de-
fies evolution is the fact that it is never empty of air, and thus never
in danger of collapse. Michael Denton explains the situation:
Just how such a different respiratory system could have evolved
gradually from the standard vertebrate design without some sort
of direction is, again, very difficult to envisage, especially bearing
in mind that the maintenance of respiratory function is absolutely
vital to the life of the organism. Moreover, the unique function and
form of the avian lung necessitates a number of additional unique
adaptations during avian development… because first, the avian
lung is fixed rigidly to the body wall and cannot therefore expand
in volume and, second, because of the small diameter of the lung
capillaries and the resulting high surface tension of any liquid
within them, the avian lung cannot be inflated out of a collapsed
state as happens in all other vertebrates after birth. The air capil-
laries are never collapsed as are the alveoli of other vertebrate
species; rather, as they grow into the lung tissue, the parabronchi
are from the beginning open tubes filled with either air or fluid.9
In other words, the passages in birds' lungs are so narrow that the
air sacs inside their lungs cannot fill with air and empty again, as
with land-dwelling creatures. If a bird lung ever completely de-
flated, the bird would never be able to re-inflate it, or would at the
very least have great difficulty in doing so. For this reason, the air
sacs situated all over the lung enable a constant passage of air to pass
through, thus protecting the lungs from deflating.
Of course this system, which is completely different from the
lungs of reptiles and other vertebrates, and is based on the most
complex design, cannot have come about with random mutations,
stage by stage, as evolution maintains. Thus, as Denton also men-
tions, the avian lung is enough to answer Darwin's challenge: "If it
ARTICLES -I-
115588

could be demonstrated that any complex organ existed, which
could not possibly have been formed by numerous, successive,
slight, modifications, my theory would absolutely break down."10
BBiirrdd FFeeaatthheerrss AAnndd RReeppttiillee SSccaalleess
Another impassable gap between birds and reptiles is feathers,
which are peculiar to birds. Reptile bodies are covered with scales, a
completely different structure. The hypothesis that bird feathers
evolved from reptile scales is completely unfounded, and is indeed
disproved by the fossil record, as the evolutionist paleontologist
Barbara Stahl once admitted:
How [feathers] arose initially, presumably from reptiles scales,
defies analysis... It seems, from the complex construction of feath-
ers, that their evolution from reptilian scales would have required
an immense period of time and involved a series of intermediate
structures. So far, the fossil record does not bear out that supposi-
tion.11
A. H. Brush, a professor of physiology and neurobiology at the
University of Connecticut, accepts
this fact, although he is himself an
evolutionist: "Every feature from
gene structure and organization, to
development, morphogenesis and
tissue organization is different [in
feathers and scales]."12
Moreover,
Professor Brush examines the protein
structure of bird feathers and argues
that it is "unique among vertebrates."13
There is no fossil evidence to prove
that bird feathers evolved from reptile
scales. On the contrary, feathers appear
suddenly in the fossil record, Professor
Brush observes, as an "undeniably
115599

unique" character distinguishing birds.14
Besides, in reptiles, no
epidermal tissue has yet been detected that provides a starting
point for bird feathers.15
Many fossils have so far been the subject of "feathered dinosaur"
speculation, but detailed study has always disproved it. Alan
Feduccia once wrote the following in an article called "On Why
Dinosaurs Lacked Feathers":
Feathers are features unique to birds, and there are no known in-
termediate structures between reptilian scales and feathers.
Notwithstanding speculations on the nature of the elongated
scales found on such forms as Longisquama (discovered 1969
Russia) ... as being featherlike structures, there is simply no
demonstrable evidence that they in fact are.16
More recently, Feduccia, quoting Brush, has the following pas-
sage on the origin of feathers:
Even birds' most scalelike features—the leg scutes (scales), claws,
and the epidermally derived beak—are formed from a single cate-
gory of protein, the Ø-keratins. As Alan Brush has written regard-
ing feather development, "The genes that direct synthesis of the
avian Ø-keratins represent a significant divergence from those of
their reptilian ancestor."17
(Note that the authors assume a reptilian an-
ARTICLES -I-
116600
National Geographic's
great hit, the perfect
"dino-bird"
Archaeoraptor soon
turned out to be a
hoax. All other "dino-
bird" candidates re-
main as speculation.

cestor for birds, but accept the genetic gap between these.)
All news about "dino-birds" are speculative. Many allegations
turned out to false. For example, "feathered dinosaur" claim that was
put forward in 1996 with a great media fanfare was also disproved
soon. A reptilian fossil called Sinosauropteryx was found in China,
but paleontologists who examined the fossil said that it had bird
feathers, unlike modern reptiles. Examinations conducted one year
later, however, showed that the fossil actually had no structure simi-
lar to a bird's feather.18
Every other fossil that has been put forward as "feathered di-
nosaur" in the last 10 years is debatable. Detailed studies have re-
vealed that the structures suggested to have been "feathers" are
actually collagen fibers.19
The speculations in fact stems from evolu-
tionist prejudice and wishful thinking. As Feduccia says, "Many di-
nosaurs have been portrayed with a coating of aerodynamic contour
feathers with absolutely no documentation."20
(One of the "feathered
dinosaurs" in question, namely Archaeoraptor, proved to be a fossil
forgery). Feduccia sums the position up in these terms: "Finally, no
feathered dinosaur has ever been found, although many dinosaur
mummies with well-preserved skin are known from diverse locali-
ties."21
TThhee DDeessiiggnn OOff TThhee FFeeaatthheerrss
Another problem for the evolutionists is the fact that there is such
a complex design in bird feathers that the phenomenon can never be
accounted for without referring to intelligent design. As we all know,
there is a long, stiff part that runs up the center of the feather. Attached
to the shaft are the vanes. The vane is made up of small thread-like
strands, called barbs. These barbs, of different lengths and rigidity, are
what give the flying bird its aerodynamic nature. But what is even
more interesting is that each barb has thousands of even smaller
strands attached to them called barbules. The barbules are connected
to barbicels, with tiny microscopic hooks, called hamuli. Each strand is
hooked to an opposing strand, much like the hooks of a zipper. On just
one crane feather, there are up to 650 hairs on the central tube. Each one
116611

of these is covered with some 650 tinier hairs. And these tiny hairs are
linked together by 350 hooks. The hooks come together like the two
sides of a zipper. If the hooks come apart for any reason, it is sufficient
for the bird to shake itself, or, in more serious cases, to straighten its
feathers out with its beak, for the feathers to return to their previous
positions.
To claim that the complex design in feathers could have come
about by the evolution of reptile scales through chance muta-
tions is quite simply a dogmatic belief with no scientific foun-
dation. Even one of the doyens of Darwinism, Ernst Mayr,
made this confession on the subject some years ago:
ARTICLES -I-
116622
When bird feath-
ers are studied
closely, a very
delicate design
emerges. There
are even tinier
hairs on every
tiny hair, and
these have spe-
cial hooks, al-
lowing them to
hold onto each
other. The pic-
tures show pro-
gressively
enlarged bird
feathers.

It is a considerable strain on one's credulity to as-
sume that finely balanced systems such as certain
sense organs (the eye of vertebrates, or the bird's
feather) could be improved by random mutations.22
The design of feathers also compelled Darwin to
ponder them. Moreover, the perfect aesthetics of the
peacock's feathers had made him "sick" (his own
words). In a letter he wrote toAsa Gray onApril 3,
1860, he said, "I remember well the time when the
thought of the eye made me cold all over, but I have got over this stage
of complaint..." And then continued: "... and now trifling particulars of
structure often make me very uncomfortable. The sight of a feather in
a peacock's tail, whenever I gaze at it, makes me sick!"23
In short, the enormous structural differences between bird feath-
ers and reptile scales, and the astonishingly complex—and beauti-
ful—design of feathers, clearly demonstrate the invalidity of the
claim that feathers evolved from scales through blind natural mech-
anisms.
CCoonncclluussiioonn
The "dino-bird" stories that ap-
pear in the evolutionist press
consist of biased analy-
ses by evolutionist
paleontolo-
116633

gists, and sometimes even of distortions of the truth. (In fact, one of
the best-known "dino-bird" discoveries, the Archaeoraptor portrayed
by National Geographic as incontrovertible proof of bird evolution,
turned out to be a forgery produced by combining fossils of five sep-
arate specimens). The "dino-bird" fossils in question are either those
of extinct species of bird or of dinosaurs, and not one of them repre-
sents a "missing link" between birds and dinosaurs. In fact, as we
have seen above, it is impossible for dinosaurs to have evolved into
birds and assumed bird characteristics by means of chance muta-
tions.
Thus the "dino-bird" hype that rages through the media consists
of nothing more than a last-ditch attempt to shore up the collapsed
theory of evolution. However, science and reason will always pre-
vail over such misconceptions.
1. Alan Feduccia, The Origin and Evolution of Birds, Yale University Press,
1999, p. 81
2. Scott F. Gilbert, "Did Birds Evolve from the Dinosaurs?," Developmental
Biology, Sixth Edition, chapter 16.4
(http://www.devbio.com/chap16/link1604.shtml)
3. Pat Shipman, "Birds Do It... Did Dinosaurs?," New Scientist, February 1,
1997, p. 28
4. Pat Shipman, "Birds Do It... Did Dinosaurs?," New Scientist, February 1,
1997, p. 28
5. Duane T. Gish, Dinosaurs by Design, Master Books, AR, 1996. pp. 65-66
6. Michael Denton, Evolution: A Theory in Crisis, London, Burnett Books
Limited, 1985, p. 210-211.
7. Michael Denton, Evolution: A Theory in Crisis, Adler & Adler, 1986, pp.
210-212.
8. J. A. Ruben, T. D. Jones, N. R. Geist, and W. J. Hillenius, "Lung Structure
And Ventilation in Theropod Dinosaurs and Early Birds," Science, vol. 278,
p. 1267.
9. Michael J. Denton, Nature's Destiny, Free Press, New York, 1998, p. 361.
ARTICLES -I-
116644

116655
10. Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species: A Facsimile of the First Edition,
Harvard University Press, 1964, p. 189
11. Barbara J. Stahl, Vertebrate History: Problems in Evolution, Dover, 1985,
pp. 349-350
12. A. H. Brush, "On the Origin of Feathers," Journal of Evolutionary Biology,
vol. 9, 1996, p.132.
vol. 9, 1996, p.131.
vol. 9, 1996, p.133.
vol. 9, 1996, p.131.
16. Alan Feduccia, "On Why Dinosaurs Lacked Feathers," The Beginning
of Birds, Eichstatt, West Germany: Jura Museum, 1985, p. 76.
1999, p. 128
18. Ann Gibbons, "Plucking the Feathered Dinosaur," Science, vol. 278, no.
5341, 14 November 1997, pp. 1229 - 1230
19. Ann Gibbons, "Plucking the Feathered Dinosaur", Science, volume 278,
Number 5341 Issue of 14 Nov 1997, pp. 1229 - 1230
1999, p. 130
1999, p. 132
22. Ernst Mayr, Systematics and the Origin of Species, Dove, New York, 1964,
p. 296.
23. Francis Darwin, The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin, Volume II, From
Charles Darwin to Asa Gray, April 3rd, 1860

116666
arwin put forward his claim that human
beings and apes descended from a com-
mon ancestor in his book The Descent of Man,
published in 1871. From that time until now,
the followers of Darwin's path have tried to support this claim. But de-
spite all the research that has been carried out, the claim of "human
evolution" has not been backed up by any concrete scientific discovery,
particularly in the fossil field.
The man in the street is for the most part unaware of this fact, and
thinks that the claim of human evolution is supported by a great deal
of firm evidence. The reason for this incorrect opinion is that the sub-
ject is frequently discussed in the media and presented as a proven fact.
But real experts on the subject are aware that there is no scientific foun-
dation for the claim of human evolution. David Pilbeam, a Harvard
University paleoanthropologist, says:
If you brought in a smart scientist from another discipline and
showed him the meagre evidence we've got he'd surely say, "forget
it; there isn't enough to go on."1
And William Fix, the author of an important book on the subject of
paleoanthropology, makes this comment:
As we have seen, there are numerous scientists and popularizers
today who have the temerity to tell us that there is 'no doubt' how
man originated. If only they had the evidence...2
This claim of evolution, which "lacks any evidence," starts the
human family tree with a group of apes that have been claimed to con-
stitute a distinct genus, Australopithecus. According to the claim,
Australopithecus gradually began to walk upright, his brain grew, and

he passed through a series
of stages until he arrived at
man's present state (Homo
sapiens). But the fossil
record does not support
this scenario. Despite the
claim that all kinds of inter-
mediate forms exist, there is
an impassable barrier be-
tween the fossil remains of
man and those of apes.
Furthermore, it has been re-
vealed that the species
which are portrayed as each
other's ancestors are actu-
ally contemporary species
that lived in the same pe-
riod. Ernst Mayr, one of the
most important proponents
of the theory of evolution in the twentieth century, contends in his
book One Long Argument that "particularly historical [puzzles] such as
the origin of life or of Homo sapiens, are extremely difficult and may
even resist a final, satisfying explanation."3
But what is the basis for the human evolution thesis put forward by
evolutionists? It is the existence of plenty of fossils on which evolu-
tionists are able to build imaginary interpretations. Throughout his-
tory, more than 6,000 species of ape have lived, and most of them have
become extinct. Today, only 120 species live on the earth. These 6,000
or so species of ape, most of which are extinct, constitute a rich re-
source for the evolutionists.
On the other hand, there are considerable differences in the
anatomic makeup of the various human races. Furthermore, the dif-
ferences were even greater between prehistoric races, because as
time has passed the human races have to some extent mixed with each
other and become assimilated. Despite this, important differences are
The Origin Of Man
116677
There is no scientific evidence for the
claim that man evolved. What is put for-
ward as "proof" is nothing but one-
sided comment on a few fossils.

still seen between different population groups living in the world
today, such as, for example, Scandinavians, African pygmies, Inuits,
native Australians, and many others.
There is no evidence to show that the fossils called hominid by evo-
lutionary paleontologists do not actually belong to different species of
ape or to vanished races of humans. To put it another way, no example
of a transitional form between mankind and apes has been found.
1. Richard E. Leakey, The Making of Mankind, Sphere Books Limited,
Barcelona, 1982, p. 43.
2. William R. Fix, The Bone Peddlers, Macmillan Publishing Company, New
York, 1984, pp. 150-153.
3. "Could science be brought to an end by scientists' belief that they have
final answers or by society's reluctance to pay the bills?" Scientific American,
December 1992, p. 20.
ARTICLES -I-
116688

116699
arwinism considers all life on Earth as a
product of chance mutations and natural se-
lection and, as an a priori commitment, ex-
cludes intelligent design. In order to argue against design, the
Darwinist mind seeks for flaws in the biological systems. From
Darwin to Dawkins, over and over, this dogmatic stance has led the
evolutionist to insist on the existence of imaginary flaws and "use-
less" vestigial organs in living systems. However, over and over,
these bold claims by evolutionists turned out to be manifestations of
ignorance. The allegedly vestigial organs were discovered to be per-
forming very important functions and the whole "vestigial organ"
argument turned out to be a fallacy.
The history of science documents a steady reduction in the num-
ber of the so-called vestigial organs. The allegedly non-functional
organs, one by one, turned out to be organs whose functions had
not yet been discovered. A list of vestigial organs that was made by
the German Anatomist R. Wiedersheim in 1895 included approxi-
mately 100 structures, including the appendix and the coccyx. As
science progressed, it was discovered that all of the organs in
Wiedersheim's list in fact had very important functions. For in-
stance, it was discovered that the appendix, which was supposed to
be a "vestigial organ," was in fact a part of the lymphatic system. A
medical publication notes in 1997 that "other bodily organs and tis-
sues—the thymus, liver, spleen, appendix, bone marrow, and small
collections of lymphatic tissue such as the tonsils in the throat and

Peyer's patch in the small intestine—are also part of the lymphatic
system. They too help the body fight infection."1
It was also discovered that the tonsils, which were also included
in Wiedersheim's list of vestigial organs, had a significant role in
protecting the throat against infections, particularly until adoles-
cence. It was found that the coccyx at the lower end of the vertebral
column supports the bones around the pelvis and is the conver-
gence point of some small muscles and for this reason, it would not
be possible to sit comfortably without a coccyx.
In the years that followed, it was realized that the thymus trig-
gered the immune system in the human body by activating the T
cells, that the pineal gland was in charge of the secretion of some
important hormones, that the thyroid gland was effective in provid-
ing steady growth in babies and children, and that the pituitary
gland controlled the correct functioning of many hormone glands.
All of these were once considered to be "vestigial organs." Finally,
the semi-lunar fold in the eye, which was referred to as a vestigial
organ by Darwin, has been found in fact to be in charge of cleansing
and lubricating the eye.
The steady reduction in the list of vestigial organs results from
the fact that this is an argument from ignorance. Some wiser evolu-
tionists also came to realize this fact. S. R. Scadding, an evolutionist
himself, once wrote in his article "Can vestigial organs constitute
evidence for evolution?" published in the journal Evolutionary
Theory:
Since it is not possible to unambiguously identify useless struc-
tures, and since the structure of the argument used is not scientif-
ically valid, I conclude that "vestigial organs" provide no special
evidence for the theory of evolution. 2
THE LEG OF THE HORSE
The latest blow to the myth of vestigial organs comes from a re-
cent study on the leg of the horse. In an article in the 20-27
December 2001 issue of the journal Nature, titled "Biomechanics:
Damper for bad vibrations," it is noted that "Some muscle fibres in
the legs of horses seem to be evolutionary leftovers with no func-
ARTICLES -I-
117700

tion. But in fact they may act to damp damaging vibrations gen-
erated in the leg as the horse runs." The article reads as follows:
Horses and camels have muscles in their legs with tendons more
than 600 millimetres long connected to muscle fibres less than 6
millimetres long. Such short muscles can change length only by a
few millimetres as the animal moves, and seem unlikely to be of
much use to large mammals. The tendons function as passive
springs, and it has been assumed that the short muscle fibres are
redundant, the remnants of longer fibres that have lost their func-
tion over the course of evolution. But Wilson and colleagues
argue… that these fibres might protect bones and tendons from
potentially damaging vibrations….
Their experiments show that short muscle fibers can damp the
damaging vibrations following the impact of a foot on the ground.
When the foot of a running animal hits the ground, the impact sets
the leg vibrating; the frequency of the vibrations is relatively high-
for example, 30-40 Hz in horses-so many cycles of vibration
would occur while the foot was on the ground if there were no
damping.
The vibrations might cause damage, because bone and tendon are
susceptible to fatigue failure. Fatigue in bones and tendons is the
accumulation of damage resulting from repeated application of
stresses. Bone fatigue is responsible for the stress fractures suf-
fered by both human athletes and racehorses, and tendon fatigue
Yet Another Blow To The Myth Of "Vestigial Organs"
117711

may explain at least some cases
of tendonitis. Wilson et al. sug-
gest that the very short muscle
fibres protect both bones and
tendons from fatigue damage
by damping out vibrations…3
In short, a closer loot at the
anatomy of the horse revealed that
the structures that have been con-
sidered as nonfunctional by evolu-
tionists have very important functions.
In other words, scientific progress demonstrated that what was con-
sidered to be evidence for evolution is in fact evidence for design.
Evolutionists should take a hint from this fact, if they are willing to do
so. The Nature commentator seems to be reasonable:
Wilson et al. have found an important role for a muscle that
seemed to be the relic of a structure that had lost its function in
the course of evolution. Their work makes us wonder whether
other vestiges (such as the human appendix) are as useless as
they seem.4
This is not surprising. The more we learn about nature, the more
we see the evidence for creation. As Michael Behe notes, "the con-
clusion of design comes not from what we do not know, but from
what we have learned over the past 50 years."5
And Darwinism
turns out to be an argument from ignorance, or, in other words, an
"atheism of the gaps."
1. The Merck Manual of Medical Information, Home edition, Merck & Co., Inc.
The Merck Publishing Group, Rahway, New Jersey, 1997.
2. S. R. Scadding, "Do 'Vestigial Organs' Provide Evidence for Evolution?",
Evolutionary Theory, vol. 5, May 1981, p. 173.
3. R. Mcneill Alexander, "Biomechanics: Damper For Bad Vibrations", Nature,
20-27 December 2001
4. Ibid.
5. Behe's Seminar in Princeton, 1997
ARTICLES -I-
117722
Michael Behe

117733
ome evolutionists try to put the existence of
different races forward as evidence for evolu-
tion. In fact, this claim is more frequently expressed
by amateur evolutionists who have a less than sufficient knowledge of
the theory they defend.
The thesis proposed by those who defend this claim is based on the
question, "If, as divine sources say, life began with one man and one
woman, how could different races have emerged?" Another way of
putting it is: "Since Adam and Eve's height, colour, and other features
were those of only two people, how could races with entirely different
features have emerged?"
In fact, the problem lying beneath all these questions or objections is
an insufficient knowledge of the laws of genetics, or the ignoring of
them. In order to understand the reason for the differences between
the races in today's world, it will be necessary to have some idea of the
subject of "variation," which is closely linked to this question.
Variation, a term used in genetics, refers to a genetic event that
causes the individuals or groups of a certain type or species to possess
different characteristics from one another. The source of this variation
is the genetic information possessed by the individuals within that
species. As a result of breeding between those individuals, that ge-
netic information comes together in later generations in different com-
binations. There is an exchange of genetic material between the
mother's and father's chromosomes. Genes thus get mixed up with

one another. The result of this is a wide variety of individual features.
The different physical features between human races are due to
variations within the human race. All the people on Earth carry basi-
cally the same genetic information, yet some have slanted eyes, some
have red hair, some have long noses, and others are short of stature, all
depending on the extent of the variation potential of
this genetic information.
In order to understand
the variation potential,
let us consider a soci-
ARTICLES -I-
117744

ety in which brunette, brown-eyed people predominate over blond,
blue-eyed individuals. As a result of the two communities intermin-
gling and marrying over time, new generations which are brunette
but blue-eyed will be seen. In other words, the physical characteristics
of both groups will come together in subsequent generations and pro-
duce new appearances. When one imagines other physical character-
istics mixing in the same way, it is clear that a great variety will
emerge.
The important point that must be understood here is this: There are
two genes that rule every physical feature. One may dominate the
other, or they may both influence matters to an equal ex-
tent. For instance, two genes determine the colour of a
person's eyes. One comes from the mother, the other
from the father. Whichever gene is the dominant one,
the individual's eye colour will be determined
by that gene. In general,
dark colours
dominate
lighter
ones.
Different Races Are Not Evidence For Evolution
117755
No matter what
their height,
skin colour and
skull volume,
all races are part
of the human
species.

In this way, if a person possesses genes for brown and for green eyes,
his eyes will be brown because the brown eye gene is dominant.
However, the recessive green colour can be passed down the genera-
tions and emerge at a later time. In other words, parents with brown
eyes can have a green-eyed child. That is because that colour gene is
recessive in both parents.
This law applies to all other physical features and the genes which
govern them. Hundreds, or even thousands, of physical features,
such as the ears, nose, the shape of the mouth, height, bone structure,
and organ structure, shape, and characteristics, are all controlled in
the same way. Thanks to this, all the limitless information in the ge-
netic structure can be passed on to subsequent generations without
becoming outwardly visible. Adam, the first human being, and Eve,
were able to pass the rich information in their genetic structure on to
subsequent generations even though only a part of it was reflected in
their physical appearance. Geographical isolation that had hap-
pened over human history has led to an atmosphere where different
physical features came together in different groups. Over a long pe-
riod of time, this led to different groups having different bone struc-
tures, skin colour, height, and skull volumes. This eventually led to
the different races.
However, this long period did not change one thing, of course. No
matter what their height, skin colour and skull volume, all races are
part of the human species.
ARTICLES -I-
117766

117777
he fact that such a question as whether such a
scientific advance as cloning "supports evolu-
tion" is asked or even comes to mind actually re-
veals a very important truth. This is the cheapness
of the propaganda that evolutionists resort to to get people to ac-
cept their theory. Since the subject of cloning has nothing to do with
the theory of evolution, it cannot be a matter of concern for any pro-
fessional evolutionist. However, some of those who blindly support
evolution at whatever cost, and particularly certain circles within
media organizations, have even tried to turn such a totally uncon-
nected matter as cloning into propaganda for evolution.
WWhhaatt DDooeess CClloonniinngg AA LLiivviinngg TThhiinngg MMeeaann??
The DNA of the living thing that is proposed to be copied is used
in the cloning process. The DNA is extracted from any cell belong-
ing to the organism in question, and then placed into an egg cell be-
longing to another organism of the same species. A shock is then
given immediately afterwards, which prompts the egg cell to start
dividing. The embryo is then placed into a living thing's womb,
where it continues to divide. Scientists then await its development
and birth.
WWhhyy HHaass CClloonniinngg NNootthhiinngg TToo DDoo WWiitthh EEvvoolluuttiioonn??
The concepts of cloning and evolution are completely different.
The theory of evolution is built on the claim that inanimate matter

117788
ARTICLES -I-
turned into living matter by chance. (There is not the slight-
est scientific proof that this could actually happen.) Cloning,
on the other hand, is the copying of a living thing by using ge-
netic material from that creature's cells. The new organism starts
from a single cell, and a biological process is transferred to the
laboratory and repeated there. In other words, there is no
question of such a process happening by "chance"—the basic
claim of the theory of evolution—nor of "lifeless matter com-
ing to life."
The cloning process is no evidence for evolution whatsoever. It
is, however, clear evidence of a biological law that totally un-
dermines evolution. That is the famous principle that "Life
can only come from life," put forward by the famous scien-
tist Louis Pasteur towards the end of the nineteenth cen-
tury. The fact that cloning is presented as evidence for
evolution, despite that open truth, is a deception being carried
out by the media.
Advances in many branches of science over the last 30 years have
demonstrated that the emergence of life cannot be ex-
plained in terms of chance. Evolutionists' sci-
entific errors and one-sided comments
have been well-documented, and
the theory of evolution has be-
come indefensible within the
realm of science. This fact has
propelled some evolutionists to
look in other areas. That is why
scientific advances such as "cloning,"
or "test-tube babies," have been
so fanatically used as evi-
dence for evolution in the
recent past.
Evolutionists have noth-
ing more to say to society in

117799
the name of science, and so take
refuge in the gaps in people's scien-
tific knowledge and try to prolong the
theory's life in that way, even though
that merely brings the theory to a
pitiable state. Just like all other scientific
advances, cloning is a very important and
revealing scientific advance that also sheds
light on the fact that life was created.
Another misunderstanding that people
have fallen into as regards cloning is the idea that
cloning can "create human beings." However, cloning bears no such
interpretation. Cloning consists of adding genetic information which
already exists to a living reproduction mechanism that also already ex-
ists. No new mechanism or genetic information is created in the
process. Genetic information is taken from someone who already ex-
ists and is placed inside a female womb. This enables the child that is
eventually born to be the "identical twin" of the person from whom the
genetic information was taken.
Many people who do not fully understand what cloning is have all
kinds of fantastic ideas about it. For instance, they imagine that a cell
can be taken from a 30-year-old man and another 30-year-old can be
created that same day. Such an example of cloning is only to be found
in science fiction, and is not and never will be possible. Cloning basi-
cally consists of bringing a person's "identical twin" to life by natural
methods (in other words in a mother's womb).This has nothing to do
with the theory of evolution, nor with the concept of "creating man."
Creating a human being or any other living thing—in other words
bringing something into existence out of nothing—is a power peculiar
to God. Scientific advances confirm the same thing by showing that
this creation cannot be done by man. This is expressed in a verse:
The Originator of the heavens and Earth. When He decides on
something, He just says to it, "Be!" and it is. (Qur'an, 2: 117)
Cloning Is No Evidence For Evolution

118800
THE APE-MAN S›M›LAR›TY ›S A TALE!
The completion of human's gene map today does not yield the re-
sult that man and ape are relatives. One need not be deceived by evo-
lutionists' attempts to exploit this new scientific development just as
they do with all others.
As known, the recent completion of the human gene map within
the scope of the Human Genome Project has been a very important
scientific improvement. However, some results of this project are
being distorted in some evolutionist publications. It is claimed that
the genes of chimpanzees have a similarity to human genes by 98 %
and this is promoted as an evidence to the claim that apes are close to
humans, and therefore, to the theory of evolution. In truth, this is a
"fake" evidence put forward by evolutionists who benefit from the
lack of knowledge of society about this subject.
9988 %% SSiimmiillaarriittyy CCllaaiimm
IIss AA MMiisslleeaaddiinngg PPrrooppaaggaannddaa
First, it should be stated that the 98% similarity concept, frequently
advanced by evolutionists about the DNAs of man and chimpanzee,
is deceptive.
In order to claim that the genetic make-ups of man and chimpanzee
bear 98 % similarity, the genome of the chimpanzee also has to be

118811
Darwinist Misrepresentations About The Human Genome Project
mapped just as that of man's,
the two has to be compared,
and the result of this com-
parison has to be obtained.
However no such result is
available, because so far,
only the gene of mankind
has been mapped. No such
research is yet done for the
chimpanzee.
In reality, the 98 % similar-
ity between the genes of
man and ape, which now
and then becomes an agenda
item, is a propaganda oriented slogan deliberately invented years
ago. This similarity is an extraordinarily exaggerated generalisation
grounded on the similarity in the amino acid sequences of some 30-40
basic proteins present in man and chimpanzee. A sequence analysis
has been made with a method named "DNA hybridization" on the
DNAsequences that are correlated with these proteins and only those
limited number of proteins have been compared.
However there are about hundred thousand genes, and therefore
100 thousand proteins coded by these genes in humans. For that rea-
son, there is no scientific basis for claiming that all the genes of man
and ape are 98 % similar only because of the similarity in 40 out of
100.000 proteins.
On the other hand, the DNA comparison carried out on those 40
proteins is also controversial. This comparison was made in 1987 by
two biologists named Sibley and Ahlquist and published in the peri-
odical named Journal of Molecular Evolution.1
However another scien-
tist named Sarich who examined the data obtained by these two
scientists concluded that the reliability of the method they used is con-
troversial and that the data has been exaggeratedly interpreted. 2
Dr.
Don Batten, another biologist, also analysed the issue in 1996 and con-
cluded that the real similarity rate is 96.2%, not 98 %.3

118822
HHuummaann DDNNAA IIss AAllssoo SSiimmiillaarr TToo TThhaatt
OOff TThhee WWoorrmm,, MMoossqquuiittoo AAnndd CChhiicckkeenn!!
Moreover, the above mentioned basic proteins are common
vital molecules present in various other living beings. The struc-
ture of the same kinds of proteins present not only in chim-
panzee, but also in completely different living beings, is very
similar to that in the humans.
For example, the genetic analyses published in New
Scientist have revealed a 75 % similarity between the DNAs
of nematode worms and man.4
This definitely does not
mean that there is only a 25% difference between man and
these worms! According to the family tree made by evolu-
tionists, the Chordata phylum, in which man is included,
and Nematoda phylum were different from each other
even 530 million years ago.
On the other hand, in another finding which also ap-
peared in the Turkish media, it was stated that the compar-
isons carried out between the genes of fruit fly belonging
to the Drosophila species and human genes yielded a
similarity of 60%.5
On the other hand, the analyses
done on some proteins show man as close to some
very different living beings. In a survey carried out by
the researchers in Cambridge University, some proteins
of land dwelling animals were compared. Amazingly,
in nearly all samples, man and chicken were paired
as the closest relatives. The next closest relative was
crocodile.6
Another example used by evolutionists on "the ge-
netic similarity between man and ape", is the pres-
ence of 48 chromosomes in chimpanzees and
gorillas versus 46 chromosomes in man.
Evolutionists regard the closeness of the number
of chromosomes as indication of an evolutionary
relationship. However, if this logic used by evolu-
ARTICLES -I-

118833
Darwinist Misrepresentations About The Human Genome Project
tionists were true, then man should have an even closer relative than
chimpanzee: "the potato"!. Because the number of chromosomes in
potatoes is the same as that of man: 46
These examples certify that the concept of genetic similarity does
not constitute evidence for the theory of evolution. This is because the
genetic similarities are not in line with the alleged evolution schemes,
and on the contrary, they yield completely opposite results.
GGeenneettiicc SSiimmiillaarriittiieess UUppsseett TThhee ""EEvvoolluuttiioonn
SScchheemmee"" TThhaatt IIss SSoouugghhtt TToo BBee CCoonnssttiittuutteedd
Unsurprisingly, when the issue is evaluated as a whole, it is seen
that the subject of "bio-chemical similarities" does not constitute an
evidence for evolution, but on the contrary leaves the theory in the
lurch. Dr. Christian Schwabe, a biochemistry researcher from the
Medical Faculty of South Carolina University, is an evolutionist scien-
tist who has spent years to find evidence for evolution in the molecu-
lar domain. He particularly did researches on insulin and
relaxin-type proteins and tried to establish evolutionary relationships
between living beings. However, he had to confess for many times
that he could not find any evidence for evolution at any point in his
studies. In an article published in Science magazine, he said;
"Molecular evolution is about to be accepted as a method supe-
rior to palaeontology for the discovery of evolutionary relation-
ships. As a molecular evolutionist I should be elated. Instead it
seems disconcerting that many exceptions exist to the orderly
progression of species as determined by molecular homologies;
so many in fact that I think the exception, the quirks, may carry
the more important message"7
Based on the recent findings obtained in the field of molecular biol-
ogy, the renowned biochemist Prof. Michael Denton made the follow-
ing comments;
"Each class at molecular level is unique, isolated and unlinked
by intermediates. Thus, molecules, like fossils, have failed to
provide the elusive intermediates so long sought by evolution-

118844
ARTICLES -I-
ary biology… At a molecular level, no organism is "ancestral" or
"primitive" or "advanced" compared with its relatives… There is
little doubt that if this molecular evidence had been available a
century ago… the idea of organic evolution might never have
been accepted." 8
SSiimmiillaarriittiieess AArree NNoott EEvviiddeennccee
FFoorr EEvvoolluuttiioonn BBuutt FFoorr CCrreeaattiioonn
It is surely natural for the human body to bear some molecular sim-
ilarities to other living beings, because they all are made up of the
same molecules, they all use the same water and atmosphere, and they
all consume foods consisting of the same molecules. Certainly, their
metabolisms and therefore genetic make-ups would resemble to one
another. This, however, is not evidence that they evolved from a com-
mon ancestor.
This "common material" is not the result of an evolution but of
"common design", that is, their being created upon the same plan.
It is possible to explain this subject with an example; all construc-
tions in the world are done with similar materials (brick, iron, cement,
etc.). This, however, does not mean that these buildings "evolved"
from each other. They are constructed separately by using common
materials. The same is true for living beings as well.
Life did not originate as a result of unconscious coincidences as evo-
lution claims, but as the result of the creation of God, theAlmighty, the
owner of infinite knowledge and wisdom.
1. Journal of Molecular Evolution, v. 26 pp.99-1212
2. Sarich et al, 1989, Cladisticts 5:3-32
3. CEN, 19 (1); 21-22 December 1996-February 1997
4. New Scientist, 15 May 1999, p. 27
5. Hurriyet, 24 February 2000
6. New Scientist v.103, 16 August 1984, p.19
7. Christian Schwabe, "On the Validity of Molecular Evolution", Trends in
Biochemical Sciences, v. 11, July 1986
8. Michael Denton, Evolution: A Theory in Crisis, London; Burnett Books

hen we look at nature, we see that every plant
and every animal have their own particular
colours and patterns exclusive to their kind.
Furthermore, each of these colours and pat-
terns have different meanings for living things: an invitation to
mate, expression of aggression, a warning against danger and
many notions like these acquire a meaning among animals from
the perception of colours and patterns.
The theory of evolution, which claims that everything has come
into being by random coincidence, has reached a total impasse be-
cause of the artistry, diversity of colours and harmony
exhibited in nature. Charles Darwin, the founder of
the theory in the form in which we have it today,
also had to confess the situation he faced because
of the design evident in living beings. Darwin
stated that he could not understand why the colours of
living creatures have particular meanings:
My difficulty is, why are caterpillars some-
times so beautifully and artistically
coloured? Seeing that many are coloured to
escape danger, I can hardly attribute their

bright colour in
other cases to
mere physical con-
ditions.1
Certainly, it is impossible for colours
and order in nature to have come into
being by natural selection.
Let us verify with an example that it is
impossible for the colours of living beings and
systems of transformation of colour to come about
by natural selection. Let us take chameleons for an ex-
ample. Chameleons are animals capable of adapting to
the colours present in the environment and changing
their colours according to the surroundings. While rest-
ing on a green leaf, they assume a green colour, while
moving onto a brown branch, their skin changes to brown
in a very short time. Let us think together over how this
process of colour change takes place.
A living creature changes its colour as a consequence of
highly complex processes taking place in its body. It is impossi-
ble for a man to change either his own colour or another living
being's colour, because the human body is not equipped with the
proper systems for such an operation. Nor is it possible for a
human to develop such a system on his own because it is not like a
piece of equipment to be developed and installed. In short, for a liv-
ing creature to be able to change its colour, it is imperative for this
creature to come into being with such a colour change mechanism.
Let us think about the first chameleon on the earth. What would
happen if this creature did not have the ability to change colour?
First, the chameleon would be easy prey since it could not hide.
Besides, since it would be easily recognised, hunting would be very
difficult for it. This would finally cause a chameleon devoid of any
other defence mechanism to die or starve and, after a while, to be-
come extinct. Yet, the existence of chameleons in the world today
evidently proves that such an event has never taken place. So,

118888
ARTICLES -I-
chameleons possessed this perfect system from the first moment
they appeared on earth.
Evolutionists claim that chameleons have developed this system
over time. This would make some questions occur to our minds:
why have chameleons chosen to develop such a complex system
such as changing colour instead of an easier defence mechanism?
Why has it chosen changing colour while there are so many kinds
of defence mechanisms? How has such a mechanism, providing
for all the chemical processes necessary for colour change,
been formed in the chameleon? Is it possible for a reptile to
think of such a mechanism and then develop the necessary
systems in its body? More, is it possible for a reptile to en-
code the information necessary for colour change in the
DNA present in its cells?
Unquestionably, this is impossible. The conclusion to be drawn
from the answers given to such questions as above will be one and
the same: it is impossible for a living
creature to develop such a complex
system that allows it to change its own
colour.
Not only systems of colour change,
but also the diversities of colour and pat-
tern in living beings deserve focus. It is im-
possible for the bright colours in parrots,
the diverse colours in fish, the symmetry
in the wings of butterflies, the fascinating
patterns in flowers and the colours of other
living things to have been formed on their
own. Such perfect patterns, colours and figures, which
serve very important purposes in the lives of living things, are con-
crete evidence of creation. It is obvious that there is a superior de-
sign in the formation of the colours around us.
Let us make it clear with an example: let us suppose that we are de-
signing a product consisting of squares. Even to draw one of them, we
need to make a small calculation and make sure that all four sides are

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ARTICLES -I-
linear and equal and the square has 90-degree angles at the corners.
We can draw the square only after making some calculations and ad-
justments. As seen, even drawing a single square requires some
knowledge and skill.
Let us apply the same reasoning to living creatures around us and
ponder on them. There is perfect harmony, order and plan in living be-
ings.Aperson who appreciates the necessity of knowledge and skill in
drawing a simple square, will understand right away that origination
of the order, harmony, colours and design in the universe is also a
product of infinite knowledge and skill. Therefore there is no reason-
able or scientific ground for claiming that a system such as the uni-
verse has come into existence by chance. Allah, the Most Powerful,
has created the entire universe. Allah is the One Who fashions every-
thing He creates most beautifully.
1. Francis Darwin, Life and Letters of Charles
Darwin, vol. II, p. 275.

They said 'Glory be to You!
We have no knowledge except what
You have taught us. You are the
All-Knowing, the All-Wise.'
(Surat al-Baqara: 32)
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