ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
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The document provides an overview of artificial intelligence (AI), detailing its definition, applications, and expert systems. It explains the structure and characteristics of expert systems, including knowledge representation and inference processes, and highlights various applications of AI in fields such as design and manufacturing. Additionally, it emphasizes the benefits of expert systems over human performance and their role in improving efficiency in specialized tasks.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
- 2. INTRODUCTION • AI the leading technology. • AI is also called machine intelligence. • AI is a branch of computer science that emphasizes the development of machines , thinking and working like humans EX: speech recognition, problem solving , Learning … • AI programs not only perform the tasks ,but also improve their skills or performance by experience. • AI programs are symbolic and qualitative ,non numeric. • They go through guess work. They search for solutions by reconsidering decisions • Any techniques that enables computers to mimic humans intelligence using if-then rules, logics, decision trees and machine learning • Amazon uses ANN to generate recommendations for customers
- 3. APPLICATIONS OF AI: Expert systems Natural language Machine vision Neural networks Fuzzy logics
- 4. APPLICATIONS OF AI: Perception vision and speech Medical Diagonsis Chemical Analysis Financial planning Robot control Engineering design and manufacturing
- 6. Structureandcharecteristicsof expertsystems An expert system technology has emerged from resarch in AI. Expert system is a computer programme that uses AI technologies to simulate the judgement and behaviour of human or organization that has expert knowledge and experience in particular field. It is using the knowledge base and inference procedures
- 8. The heart of an expert system is knowledge base . Reasoning function is carried out by inference engine.
- 9. Buiding of an expert system: Building up a knowledge base: The process of representing knowledge formally is referred to as knowledge representation Building up concepts Then the rules Then model and strategies
- 10. Relation between Knowledge and Intelligence
- 11. INFERENCE PROCESS It is the process of combining facts and rules is called as inference. It is a kind of search technique where pattern is matched against a set of stored paterns. EX: Image recognition
- 12. Knowledge representation It is two forms: They are 1) Declerative Knowledge 2) Procedural Knowledge Ways to represent Knowledge Production rules Descion Tables Frames Semantic Networks Predicate logic Conventional programming
- 14. Expert system in CAD Integration between geometry and manufacturing Design of FMS Part selection Facility layout Process planning Chip design Selection of welding process and electrodes
- 15. Benefits of expert system Some expert systems do better job than human beings They make few mistakes and they are consistent It is used as training vehicle to train non experts Experts systems can free experts from repetitive and routine tasks Expert system is compatible with managers descision styles and based on judgement It can preserve scarce expertise It enable operations in hazardous environment
- 16. Examples of expert systems ABSTPRIPS MECHO CATS-1 MYCIN DESIGN ADVISOR PROSPECTOR DENDRAL TEIRESIAS ESTIM VM EXDEM WELDEX GARI XCON IMS PXDES
- 17. AI IN CAD • With AI based tools design synthesis can be performed directly without going through separate design review and synthesis. Because the knowledge and experience of experts is available in AI tools • AI functions as a product design review team • Components of product stored in structural and hierarchial form • Links are provided between components and parts with in the product structure • Product behaviour deduced by qualitative and quantitative simulation • It is very easy to add new components or parts into database and it is easy to add knowledge based rules
- 18. Applications of AI in design Decomposition a) Top-down approach b)Bottom –up approach Plan selection and refinement Constraint based reasoning Case based reasoning Consistency maintenance
- 21. ANY QUERIES